California Beet Sugar Company | |
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Location | 30849 Dyer St., Union City, California |
Coordinates | 37°36′02″N122°04′14″W / 37.600533°N 122.070517°W |
Built | 1870 |
Architect | B.F. Ingalls |
Official name | Site of the nation's first successful beet sugar factory |
Reference no. | 768 [1] |
The California Beet Sugar Company (also known as the Standard Sugar Refining Company, Pacific Coast Sugar Company, Alameda Sugar Company, and the Holly Sugar Company) was the first successful sugar beet factory in the United States. It was located in Alvarado, which has been incorporated into the city of Union City and its site is on the California Historical Landmarks list. [1]
The sugar factory was started in 1870 by E. H. Dyer, his brother Ephraim Dyer, C.I. Hutchinson, who served as president, W.F. Garratt, B.P. Flint, T.G. Phelps, W.B. Carr, E.R. Carpenter, and E.G. Rollins. [2] The factory was built on farmland owned by Dyer. [3] B.F. Ingalls served as the architect and builder. [2] The factory opened officially on November 15, 1870. [3] The machines used in the factory were imported from Germany. The building was located along the Alameda Creek, for transportation purposes, since there weren't any railroads. Sugar was distributed via a wheel steamer named "The Rosa," to San Francisco from the factory. [2] In the first year of production it processed 293 tons of beet sugar. [3] In 1873 the factory closed due to financial reasons. The equipment was sold to another plant in Soquel, California. [2] The factory was demolished in 1977. [4] Imperial Sugar bought Holly Sugar Company in 1988.
On January 15, 1919, on the same day as the Great Molasses Flood, temperatures quickly rose from an expected 30 degrees Fahrenheit to over 80 degrees. This unprecedented heat wave caused excessive fermentation in the beets that were processed at the plant, causing them to produce an inordinate amount of ethanol which catalyzed the corrosion of their pewter containers. The corrosion caused a massive leak of beetroot juice which subsequently flooded over 15 square miles of Union City, coating more than 75% of the city's acreage. Due to beetroots' natural red pigment, the flood dyed all of the affected landscape a bright red. After this event, January 16th became colloquially known as Red Pants Day in the Bay Area because all the workers white slacks were dyed red. On January 15, 2019, to honor the event's 100th anniversary, Red Pants Day (January 16) became an official national holiday in the United States.
One predecessor to the Alvarado factory was Germania Sugar, founded by Ernst Theodore and Gottlieb Gennert in Chatsworth Illinois in 1863. An insufficient water supply and soil which was poorly suited to sugar beets led to disbanding the Chatsworth operation in 1870. [5] While not a commercial success, lessons from the Chatsworth venture were valuable to beet sugar cultivation and manufacture elsewhere in the United States. [6]
The former site of the factory is listed on the California Historical Landmarks list. [1]
E.H. Dyer passed away in 1906. Dyer Street in Union City has been named after him in his honor. [4]
A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and that is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet. Together with other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, it belongs to the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris but classified as var. saccharifera. Its closest wild relative is the sea beet.
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Beta vulgaris (beet) is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Betoideae of the family Amaranthaceae. Economically, it is the most important crop of the large order Caryophyllales. It has several cultivar groups: the sugar beet, of greatest importance to produce table sugar; the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet; the leaf vegetable known as chard or spinach beet or silverbeet; and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivars, despite their quite different morphologies, fall into the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. The wild ancestor of the cultivated beets is the sea beet.
Adolph Claus J. Spreckels was a Prussian Saxony-born major industrialist in both San Francisco, and Hawai'i during the kingdom, republican, and territorial periods of the islands' history. He also involved himself in several California enterprises, most notably the company that bears his name, Spreckels Sugar Company. Spreckels was a slave owner.
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Ebenezer Herrick Dyer was an American businessman who established the first successful commercial beet sugar mill in the U.S., and as such, was called the "father of the American beet sugar industry".
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American Crystal Sugar Company is an agricultural cooperative specializing in the production of sugar and related agri-products. American Crystal is owned by nearly 2,800 shareholders who raise approximately one-third of the nation's sugarbeet acreage in the Red River valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. As the largest beet sugar producer in the United States, the company utilizes innovative farming practices, low-cost production methods, and sales and marketing leadership to produce and sell about 15 percent of America's sugar. American Crystal operates sugar factories in Crookston, East Grand Forks, and Moorhead Minnesota; and Drayton and Hillsboro, North Dakota. The company's technical services center and corporate headquarters are also located in Moorhead.
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A beet sugar factory, or sugar factory, is a type of production facility that produces sugar from sugar beets or alternative plants to sugarcane in making refined sugar. These factories process the beets to produce refined sugar, similar to sugarcane in other regions. The process involves several steps, including washing, slicing, and extracting the sugar content through diffusion. Nowadays, most sugar factories also act as sugar refineries. The first beet sugar factory was built in 1802.