Callum A.S. Hill | |
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| Born | 1957 |
| Nationality | British, Scottish |
| Alma mater | Bangor University |
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| Years active | Since 1982 |
Callum A.S. Hill (born in 1957) is a Scottish materials chemist and wood scientist, who worked at Bangor University and Edinburgh Napier University, and is an elected fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science. [1]
Hill started research in wood science and bio-composites at Bangor University in 1994. Transitioning to Edinburgh Napier University in 2007, he assumed the role of the Edinburgh Research Partnership Chair in renewable materials until 2013. Since 2010, he has served as the director at the JCH Industrial Ecology Ltd, a consultancy specializing in sustainability.
His research contributions in chemical and thermal modification of wood, and lignocellulosic fibres have been well recorded. [2] [3] [4] [5]
He currently holds the position of senior consultant at the Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research in Ås, Norway. [6] His research contributions have gained international recognition especially his book entitled Wood Modification [7] in 2007, having >2,700 international citations. In total, he has had almost 17,000 citations for his research works in Google Scholar , possessing an h-index of 58. [8]
In October 2023, a meta-research carried out by John Ioannidis et al. at Stanford University, included Callum Hill in Elsevier Data 2022, where he was ranked at the top 2% of researchers in wood science (forestry – materials), having a composite index of 4.023, the highest one in this scientific area globally. [9]
Fiber or fibre is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.
Glass fiber is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass.
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically or mechanically producing cellulosic fibers from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and other chemicals or plant-based additives, pulp is the major raw material used in papermaking and the industrial production of other paper products.
Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material.
Bagasse is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract their juice. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the manufacture of pulp and building materials. Agave bagasse is similar, but is the material remnants after extracting blue agave sap.
Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference. This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature. Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample.
Polybenzoxazines, also called benzoxazine resins, are cured polymerization products derived from benzoxazine monomers.
Cellulose fibers are fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose, which can be obtained from the bark, wood or leaves of plants, or from other plant-based material. In addition to cellulose, the fibers may also contain hemicellulose and lignin, with different percentages of these components altering the mechanical properties of the fibers.
Impregnation resins are slightly viscous, organic liquids that are used in the forest products industry for wood modification. They typically contain formaldehyde and are composed of dimers and trimers of the main molecule. These can become polymer solutions upon curing inside of a wood substrate, imparting stabilizing properties. Impregnation of these resins involves a vacuum chamber procedure that completely disperses the resin into the wood. Once inside of the wood, the resin can diffuse into the cell wall and enhance the physical strength of the wood even further.
Mechanically stimulated gas emission (MSGE) is a complex phenomenon embracing various physical and chemical processes occurring on the surface and in the bulk of a solid under applied mechanical stress and resulting in emission of gases. MSGE is a part of a more general phenomenon of mechanically stimulated neutral emission. MSGE experiments are often performed in ultra-high vacuum.
Štefan Luby is a Slovak physicist and senior research fellow at the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS). He is doctor honoris causa of University of Salento, Italy, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra, Slovakia, and Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Slovakia. He occupied positions of the director of the Institute of Physics of SAS for nine years and was the president of the SAS for fourteen years (1995–2009). He was the acting president of the All European Academies and the acting president of the Central European Academy of Sciences and Arts. At present, he is a member of Senate and vice-president of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts with the headquarters in Salzburg. He has chaired the editorial board of the Slovak Encyclopaedia Beliana since 1992.
Fibre modification is a research field in which researchers aim at developing and applying technologies to impart new properties to natural fibres such as those in paper, in order to increase their functionality. Research areas in this field include many different technologies, amongst which the chemical modifications of fibres are widely used. One important sector of application of the chemical modifications is the treatment of wood for giving it enhanced properties such as higher mechanical properties, water impermeability, less hygroscopicity, bacterial and fungal resistance. Transferring and adapting the technical knowledge on fibre modification available for the wood sector to the recycled paper sector is an innovative use of these chemical treatments which has been the subject of studies that have been carried out within an EU co-funded project called Fibre+.
Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy, commonly referred as Anandharamakrishnan is an Indian scientist and academician, having expertise in Chemical Engineering and Food processing. He is working as Director of National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, (NIIST) Trivandrum. Earlier, he served as Director of National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T) (Formerly known as Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu during the period April 2022 – November 2022 and as Chief Scientist at the CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru.
Stephen James Eichhorn FRSC FInstP FIMMM CEng is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Bristol.
George I. Mantanis is a Greek wood scientist and professor at the University of Thessaly, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.
Furfurylated wood is the end product of treating wood with furfuryl alcohol. This chemical process is also called furfurylation. Furfurylation is a commercially used wood modification process to enhance the physical, mechanical and biological properties of wood. In this process, which is based on principles of the wood sciences, the cell walls of the wood swell with furfuryl alcohol, which polymerizes within the cell walls. This treatment reduces the water absorption capacity of the wood, thus minimizing its tendency to deform with changes in moisture. The hardness and rot resistance of the modified wood are also improved compared to natural, untreated wood. The furfuryl alcohol used is obtained through the hydrogenation of furfural from biological agriwaste residues, such as husks and bagasse.
Roger M. Rowell is an American biochemist and wood scientist of the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison and emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is an elected fellow (FIAAM) of the International Association for Advanced Materials and an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.
Raymond A. Young is an American materials researcher, wood scientist and emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.
Rupert Wimmer is an Austrian materials researcher, wood scientist and professor at the Institute for Wood Technology and Renewable Materials at BOKU University, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.
Holger Militz is a German wood scientist and professor at the University of Goettingen, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.
| Authority control databases: Academics |
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