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Trench fever is a moderately serious disease transmitted by body lice. It infected armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, Russia and Egypt in World War I. Three noted cases during WWI were the authors J. R. R. Tolkien, A. A. Milne, and C. S. Lewis. From 1915 to 1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill had trench fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease. The disease persists among the homeless. Outbreaks have been documented, for example, in Seattle and Baltimore in the United States among injection drug users and in Marseille, France, and Burundi.
"Candidatus Pelagibacter", with the single species "Ca. P. communis", was isolated in 2002 and given a specific name, although it has not yet been described as required by the bacteriological code. It is an abundant member of the SAR11 clade in the phylum Alphaproteobacteria. SAR11 members are highly dominant organisms found in both salt and fresh water worldwide and were originally known only from their rRNA genes, first identified in the Sargasso Sea in 1990 by Stephen Giovannoni's laboratory at Oregon State University and later found in oceans worldwide. "Ca. P. communis" and its relatives may be the most abundant organisms in the ocean, and quite possibly the most abundant bacteria in the entire world. It can make up about 25% of all microbial plankton cells, and in the summer they may account for approximately half the cells present in temperate ocean surface water. The total abundance of "Ca. P. communis" and relatives is estimated to be about 2 × 1028 microbes.
Bartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the only genus in the family Bartonellaceae. Facultative intracellular parasites, Bartonella species can infect healthy people, but are considered especially important as opportunistic pathogens. Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies, and mosquitoes. At least eight Bartonella species or subspecies are known to infect humans.
Carrion's disease is an infectious disease produced by Bartonella bacilliformis infection.
Bartonellosis is an infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. Bartonella species cause diseases such as Carrión's disease, trench fever, cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, chronic bacteremia, endocarditis, chronic lymphadenopathy, and neurological disorders.
Bartonella quintana, originally known as Rochalimaea quintana, and "Rickettsia quintana", is a bacterium transmitted by the human body louse that causes trench fever. This bacterial species caused outbreaks of trench fever affecting 1 million soldiers in Europe during World War I.
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) or felinosis is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. Symptoms typically include a non-painful bump or blister at the site of injury and painful and swollen lymph nodes. People may feel tired, have a headache, or a fever. Symptoms typically begin within 3–14 days following infection.
"Candidatus Bartonella melophagi" is a candidatus species of Bartonella that causes infection in humans.
Bartonella vinsonii is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus Bartonella which was isolated from dogs. Rochalimaea vinsonii was reclassified to Bartonella vinsonii. B. vinsonii contains three validly published subspecies B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, and B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, and one effectively published B. vinsonii subsp. yucatanensis. B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii has been isolated from voles and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhofli was isolated from a dog with endocarditis. B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii can cause diseases in humans. Those two subspecies are named after J. William Vinson and Herman A. Berkhoff.
"Candidatus Bartonella antechini" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the mouse Antechinus flavipes.
"Candidatus Bartonella bandicootii" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from fleas.
"Candidatus Bartonella breitschwerdtii" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.
"Candidatus Bartonella durdenii" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.
"Candidatus Bartonella eldjazairii" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.
"Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which can cause endocarditis in humans.
"Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of BartonellaCandidatus Bartonella merieuxii is named after Charles Mérieux.
"Candidatus Bartonella monaxi" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from groundhogs.
"Candidatus Bartonella thailandensis" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated in Thailand.
"Candidatus Bartonella volans" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from flying squirrels.
"Candidatus Bartonella woyliei" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the fleas Pygiopsylla hilli and Ixodes australiensis.
References
- ↑ UniProt
- ↑ Chomel, B. B.; McMillan-Cole, A. C.; Kasten, R. W.; Stuckey, M. J.; Sato, S.; Maruyama, S.; Diniz, P. P. V. P.; Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2012). "Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii, a Potential New Zoonotic Bartonella Species in Canids from Iraq". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (9): e1843. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001843 . PMC 3459848 . PMID 23029597.