Candidatus Caballeronia kirkii

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Candidatus Caballeronia kirkii
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Betaproteobacteria
Order:
Burkholderiales
Family:
Burkholderiaceae
Genus:
Caballeronia [1]
Species:
Ca. C. kirkii
Binomial name
Candidatus Caballeronia kirkii
Synonyms
  • Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii Van Oevelen et al. 2002 [2]

Candidatus Caballeronia kirkii is a Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae. [3] [4] Ca. C. kirkii is an endosymbiont of the plant Psychotria kirkii, also known as Rubiaceae, and exists inside leaf and stem nodules. [4] [5]

Contents

Discovery

Ca. C. kirkii was cultivated, classified as an endophyte, and placed under the Betaproteobacteria subclass in 2002. [4] The microsymbiont was discovered in pockets or galls on the leaves of Rubiaceae plants and classified as a novel species of the genus Burkholderia . [4]

Symbiotic life cycle

Ca. C. kirkii are known to have a symbiotic relationship with Psychotria kirkii, so that the bacteria are transferred from one plant generation to the next through the seeds. [5] The bacteria also reside in the stem apical region, on a permanent basis, where it can infect every new developing leaf and every ovary, and therefore, seeds. [5] The bacteria are therefore in a continuous symbiotic relationship with the plant throughout its entire life cycle. [5]

The major role that it plays in the Rubiaceae life cycle is related to the growth of the plant. In the absence of the nodules containing these bacteria, the plant is unable to undergo normal cell division and cellular differentiation, which results in morphological malfunctions, stunting growth and eventually causing death. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants including coffee, madder and bedstraw

The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include Coffea, the source of coffee, Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine, ornamental cultivars, and historically some dye plants.

Burkholderia pyrrocinia is a Gram-negative bacterium which has been found in soil as well as in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Paraburkholderia dilworthii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae. It was isolated from the root nodules of the plant Lebeckia ambigua.

Caballeronia telluris is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

Caballeronia terrestris is a bacterium from the genus Burkholderia and family Burkholderiaceae.

Caballeronia udeis is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and family Burkholderiaceae which has been reported to perform biological nitrogen fixation and promote plant growth

"Candidatus Caballeronia calva" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae. "Candidatus Caballeronia calva" is an endosymbiont of Psychotria calva.

"Candidatus Caballeronia crenata" is a bacterium from the genus of Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

"Candidatus Caballeronia hispidae" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.>

"Candidatus Caballeronia mamillata" is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

"Candidatus Caballeronia nigropunctata" is a Candidatus species of bacteria from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae. "Candidatus Caballeronia nigropunctata" is an endosymbiont of the plant Psychotria nigropunctata.

"Candidatus Caballeronia rigidae" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae. Candidatus Burkholderia rigidae is an endosymbiont.

"Candidatus Burkholderia schumannianae" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae. "Candidatus Caballeronia schumannianae" is an endosymbiont.

"Candidatus Caballeronia verschuerenii" is a bacterium from the genus of Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

"Candidatus Caballeronia virens" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

Burkholderia stagnalis is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia. Burkholderia stagnalis belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Burkholderia territorii is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia. Burkholderia territorii belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Paraburkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce and lodgepole pine with a strong potential to perform biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Unlike Burkholderia species, Paraburkholderia members are not commonly associated with human infection. Paraburkholderia members form a monophyletic clade within the Burkholderiaceae family, which is what prompted their distinction as a genus independent from Burkholderia species, in combination with the finding of robust conserved signature indels which are unique to Paraburkholderia species, and are lacking in members of the genus Burkholderia. These CSIs distinguish the genus from all other bacteria. Additionally, the CSIs that were found to be shared by Burkholderia species are absent in Paraburkholderia, providing evidence of separate lineages.

Caballeronia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Burkholderiaceae which has been reported to perform biological nitrogen fixation and promote plant growth

Candidatus "Glomeribacter gigasporarum" is a gram-negative β-proteobacteria. The bacterium is rod-shaped, and has a obligate endosymbiotic relationship with the arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita. Sequencing of the16S rRNA gene places Ca. "G. gigasporarum" within the Burkholderia genus. Ca. "G. gigasporarum is unculturable as of yet, but can stay alive in enrichment for up to 4 weeks. The candidate bacteria is considered "the smallest beta-proteobacterium" with a genome size of 1.4 Mb. The chromosome is 750 kb long and a plasmid is 600 to 650 kb. The genome size was determined using gel-electrophoresis.

References

  1. ↑ Vandamme P, Peeters C, De Smet B, Price EP, Sarovich DS, Henry DA, Hird TJ, Zlosnik JE, Mayo M, Warner J, Baker A, Currie BJ, Carlier A (2017). "Comparative Genomics of Burkholderia singularis sp. nov., a Low G+C Content, Free-Living Bacterium That Defies Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Burkholderia". Front. Microbiol. 8: 1679. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01679 . PMC   5592201 . PMID   28932212.
  2. ↑ Van Oevelen, S. (2002). "Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf galls of Psychotria (Rubiaceae, angiosperms) and proposal of 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. Nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (6): 2023–2027. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02103-0.
  3. ↑ Vandamme, Peter; Peeters, Charlotte; De Smet, Birgit; Price, Erin P.; Sarovich, Derek S.; Henry, Deborah A.; Hird, Trevor J.; Zlosnik, James E. A.; Mayo, Mark; Warner, Jeffrey; Baker, Anthony (2017-09-06). "Comparative Genomics of Burkholderia singularis sp. nov., a Low G+C Content, Free-Living Bacterium That Defies Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Burkholderia". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 1679. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01679 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   5592201 . PMID   28932212.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Van Oevelen, S. (2002-11-01). "Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf galls of Psychotria (Rubiaceae, angiosperms) and proposal of 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (6): 2023–2027. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02103-0.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Burger, William; Jiménez, Quírico; Jimenez, Quirico (1994). "A New Species of Psychotria Subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) from Costa Rica". Novon. 4 (3): 206. doi:10.2307/3391641. JSTOR   3391641.


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