Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg, is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority. Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its French and German neighbors; while Luxembourgish is the only national language of the Luxembourgish people and of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, French is the only language for legislation, and all three – Luxembourgish, French and German – are used for administrative matters in the country.
Luxembourg, also known as Luxembourg City, is the capital city of Luxembourg and the country's most populous commune. Standing at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg, the city lies at the heart of Western Europe, situated 213 km (132 mi) by road from Brussels, 372 km (231 mi) from Paris, and 209 km (130 mi) from Cologne. The city contains Luxembourg Castle, established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.
The three districts of Luxembourg were the top-level administrative divisions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The districts were further subdivided into cantons, which still exist:
Strassen is a commune and town in central Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg.
Wiltz is a canton in northwestern Luxembourg. Its capital is the city of Wiltz. It covers an area of 264.55 km2, and as of 2018 it has a population of 16,735.
Diekirch is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Its capital is Diekirch. Neither the canton, town, nor commune of Diekirch should be confused with the former district of Diekirch, one of three administrative units in Luxembourg abolished in October 2015.
Hamm is a quarter in eastern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It is the home of the Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial, the final resting place of 5,076 American servicemen, including General Patton.
Clervaux is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Its capital is Clervaux.
Vianden is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Its capital is Vianden.
Luxembourg's 100 communes conform to LAU Level 2 and are the country's lowest administrative divisions.
Bascharage is a town and a former commune in south-western Luxembourg. Since 2012, it is part of the commune of Käerjeng.
Walferdange is a commune and small town in central Luxembourg.
Kautenbach is a village in the commune of Kiischpelt, in northern Luxembourg. In 2005, the village had a population of 120.
Eich is a quarter in northern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.
Hollerich is a quarter in south-western Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.
Rollingergrund is an area of north-western Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It forms the majority of the quarter of Rollingergrund-North Belair.
Mémorial is the official gazette of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It is published by the Central Legislation Service, an agency of the government of Luxembourg. Until the Second World War, Mémorial was published in both French and German, which were the two official languages of Luxembourg. Since the war, it has been published in only French.
The district of Mersch was one of the four districts of Luxembourg between 1857 and 1867. It took its name from its administrative centre, the town of Mersch, and contained the cantons of Mersch and Redange. It is the only district to have been created after the initial establishment, and was the only district to have been abolished before they all were in 2015.
The Constitution of Luxembourg is the supreme law of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The modern constitution was adopted on 17 October 1868.
