The Capizucchi family was a noble Roman family. Considered one among the oldest families in Rome,[1] it was deeply rooted in the Roman nobility because of the gallantry of many members. The family died out in the 17th century, and its name came to an end in 1813. The Capizucchis had their homes in Campitellirione, at the foot of Capitoline Hill, and there also lay their palace. This still exists and is located between two squares, Piazza Campitelli and the one that took its name from the family, Piazza Capizucchi.[2]
Rome is the capital city and a special comune of Italy. Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region. With 2,872,800 residents in 1,285 km2 (496.1 sq mi), it is also the country's most populated comune. It is the fourth most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. It is the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome, which has a population of 4,355,725 residents, thus making it the most populous metropolitan city in Italy. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber. The Vatican City is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.
Campitelli is the X rione of Rome, located in Municipio I. Its logo consists of a black dragon's head on a white background. This symbol comes from the legend that Pope Silvester I threw out a dragon staying in the Forum Romanum.
A rione of Rome is a traditional administrative division of the city of Rome. "Rione" is an Italian term used since the 14th century to name a district of a town. The term was born in Rome, originating from the administrative divisions of the city. The word comes from the Latin word regio ; during the Middle Ages the Latin word became rejones, from which rione comes. Currently, all the rioni are located in Municipio I of Rome.
Traditionally considered to be kindred to the counts of Thun,[3] the family is considered to be among the oldest in Rome.[1] However, the alleged existence of two Cardinals belonging to the family, named Roberto and Giovanni Roberto Capizucchi, who bore respectively the cardinal title of San Clemente al Monte Celio (in late eleventh century) and Santa Sabina (in early twelfth century), has to be considered a falsehood originated in 16th century.[4]
The Thun und Hohenstein family, also known as Thun-Hohenstein, belonged to the historical Bohemian and Austrian nobility. One branch of the family lived at Děčín (Tetschen), Bohemia, for more than 200 years.
A titular church or titulus is a church in Rome assigned or assignable to one of the cardinals, or more specifically to a Cardinal priest.
The Basilica of Saint Sabina is a historic church on the Aventine Hill in Rome, Italy. It is a titular minor basilica and mother church of the Roman Catholic Order of Preachers, better known as the Dominicans. Santa Sabina is perched high above the Tiber river to the north and the Circus Maximus to the east. It is next to the small public park of Giardino degli Aranci, which has a scenic terrace overlooking Rome. It is a short distance from the headquarters of the Knights of Malta.
A certain Jacobello Capizucchi, lord of Turris Candulphorum near the current Cecchina, was Conservatore (city counselor) of Rome in 1375.[5] In 1341, from the family was chosen one of the twelve pages representing the Roman gentlemen who participated in the parade for the coronation of Francesco Petrarca on the Capitoline Hill.[6] In 1390, as a bequest of a Coluccio de' Capizucchi, was given in giuspatronato to the family the chapel of San Paolo in the church of Santa Maria de Campitello, with the mortmain of the casale of San Ciriaco along the Via Ostiense.[7][8]
Cecchina is a town located approximately 30 km south-east of Rome in the Italian region of Lazio, in central Italy.
A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant, but may also have been used for a messenger at the service of a nobleman.
The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome.
Related to the main families of the Roman nobility at the beginning of the sixteenth century with Bruto and Marcello, the family reached the height of its fame as part of the Capitoline nobility thanks to the gallantry and the profession of arms, both deeply rooted among its members as Papirio, Cencio and Camillo.[9][10][11] With Marcello's son Biagio, who – among others – participated to the battle of Lepanto on the orders of Marcantonio Colonna and could gain more than 100,000 scudi from his occupation as man-at-arms, the family reached the apogee of its wealth, buying the estates of Catino and Poggio Catino and building the palace which became its residence.[12] This was perhaps designed before 1593 by Giacomo Della Porta, and had its main facade along Piazza Campitelli.[13] In front of the palace lay the church of Santa Maria in Campitelli, where many of the Capizucchis are buried in the family's chapel, whose existence is attested since 1390.
The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, led by the Venetian Republic and the Spanish Empire, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras. The Ottoman forces were sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto when they met the fleet of the Holy League which was sailing east from Messina, Sicily. The Holy League was a coalition of European Catholic maritime states which was arranged by Pope Pius V and led by John of Austria. The league was largely financed by Philip II of Spain, and the Venetian Republic was the main contributor of ships.
Marcantonio II Colonna, Duke of Tagliacozzo and Duke and Prince of Paliano, was an Italian aristocrat who served as a Viceroy of Sicily in the service of the Spanish Crown, Spanish general, and Captain General of the Church. He is best remembered for his part as the admiral of the Papal fleet in the Battle of Lepanto.
The Roman scudo was the currency of the Papal States until 1866. It was subdivided into 100 baiocchi, each of 5 quattrini. Other denominations included the grosso of 5 baiocchi, the carlino of 7½ baiocchi, the giulio and paoli both of 10 baiocchi, the testone of 30 baiocchi and the doppia of 3 scudi.
Façade of Palazzo Capizucchi along Piazza Campitelli in Rome
To the family belonged also the Cardinals Gianantonio and Raimondo who both, respectively, in the 16th and 17th centuries, served in the administration of the Holy See, reaching high positions.[14][15]
Gianantonio Capizucchi was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.
Raimondo Capizucchi was a Roman nobleman, Dominican friar, appointed a cardinal by Pope Innocent XI.
The Holy See, also called the See of Rome, is the apostolic episcopal see of the bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, ex cathedra the universal ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the worldwide Catholic Church, and a sovereign entity of international law. Founded in the 1st century by Saints Peter and Paul, by virtue of Petrine and Papal primacy according to Catholic tradition, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholic bishops and Catholics around the world organised in polities of the Latin Church, the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, and their dioceses and religious institutes.
The family, however, declined financially because of the passion for gambling of some of its members, who were forced to sell some of their fiefs.[12] Moreover, it would have become extinct already in the seventeenth century, had not Francesco, the last exponent of the family, adopted his cousin Alessandro Marescotti.[12] The latter accepted to use the surname Capizucchi "unmixed" and got the whole patrimony of the family, amounting to 150,000 scudi.[12] The family became extinct definitively in 1813, with the death of Alessandro Capizucchi.[12]
A fief was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty. The fees were often lands or revenue-producing real property held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting or fishing, monopolies in trade, and tax farms.
The Capizucchi were one of the sixty famiglie coscritte, which constituted the Roman patriciate, as defined in the Papal BullUrbem Romam, issued in 1746 by pope Benedict XIV (r. 1740–58).[1][16] At the apogee of their power, they owned the fiefs of Catino, Poggio Catino, Montieri and Fabro with title of marquess and were owners of various estates in the Roman Campagna, as the Cecchignola and Palidoro.[17]
Margherita of Savoy was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy by marriage to Umberto I.
Girolamo Rainaldi was an Italian architect who worked mainly in a conservative Mannerist style, often with collaborating architects. He was a successful competitor of Bernini. His son, Carlo Rainaldi, became an even more notable, more fully Baroque architect.
Pietro Romanèlli was an Italian archaeologist.
Giulio Quirino Giglioli was an art historian of classical Roman and Etruscan art and was associated with Fascism in Italy.
Giacomo Boni was an Italian archaeologist specializing in Roman architecture. He is most famous for his work in the Roman Forum.
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy. It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni, but the move had not happened by early 2017.
Federico Agnelli (1626–1702) was an Italian intaglio printer, engraver and typographer, active in Milan. He was chiefly employed in portraits, though he occasionally engraved emblematical and architectural subjects. He engraved with the architect Carlo Butio a set of plates representing the Cathedral at Milan.
Francesco Maria Gerard Vito was an Italian economist and university rector.
Maria Selvaggia Borghini (1656–1731) was an Italian poet and translator.
The Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani is a biographical dictionary published by the Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, started in 1925 and not yet completed. It is planned to include about 40,000 biographies of distinguished Italians. The entries are signed by their authors and provide a rich bibliography.
Paolo Mei was an Italian painter active in Rome.
The Right group, later called Historical Right by historians to distinguish it from the right-wing groups of the 20th century, was an Italian parliamentary group during the second half of the 19th century. Since 1876, the Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the left governments. Since 1882, its members were usually labeled as Constitutionals or Liberal-Conservatives, especially during the leadership of Rudinì and Sonnino. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists.
Virginio Gayda was a prominent Italian fascist and journalist during the reign of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party.
Piazza della Libertà is a square in the rione Prati in Rome (Italy).
Giuseppe Renato Imperiali was an Italian cardinal, and known as an avid bibliophile.
The Marquisate of Oristano was a marquisate of Sardinia that lasted from 1410 until 1478
The Albertoni Spinola Palace, with entrances in Campitelli square n. 2, Capizzuchi square and vicolo Capizzuchi is located in the 10th District. It was projected and executed by Giacomo Della Porta and Girolamo Rainaldi around the end of 16th century and the first years of 17th century.
References
1 2 3 Amayden, Teodoro (1910). Storia delle Famiglie Romane (in Italian). Roma: Collegio Araldico.
↑ Gnoli, Umberto (2004) [1941]. Topografia e toponomastica di Roma medioevale e moderna (in Italian). Rome: Grotta del libro. p.57.
↑ Giansante, Mirella (1975). "Capizucchi, Papirio". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
↑ Giansante, Mirella (1975). "Capizucchi, Cencio". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
↑ Giansante, Mirella (1975). "Capizucchi, Camillo". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 Giansante, Mirella (1975). "Capizucchi, Biagio". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
↑ Bedon, Anna (1989). "Della Porta, Giacomo". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
↑ Fragnito, Gigliola (1975). "Capizucchi, Giovanni Antonio". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
↑ Nitti, Silvana (1975). "Capizucchi, Raimondo". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
↑ Pisani, A. "Papa Benedetto XIV"(PDF). www.bibliotecauniversitaria.ge.it (in Italian). Biblioteca Universitaria di Genova – Percorsi Tematici. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
↑ "Capizucchi"(PDF). www.archiviocapitolinorisorsedigitali.it (in Italian). Archivio Storico Capitolino. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2015-11-24. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
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