Santa Maria in Campitelli

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Santa Maria in Campitelli
Church of Saint Mary by the Porticus, in Campitelli
Chiesa di Santa Maria in Portico in Campitelli
Campitelli - santa maria in Portico 1918st.JPG
Portico
Santa Maria in Campitelli
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41°53′35″N12°28′46″E / 41.893094°N 12.479379°E / 41.893094; 12.479379
LocationPiazza di Campitelli 9, Rome
Country Italy
Language(s)Italian
Denomination Catholic
Tradition Roman Rite
Religious institute Clerics Regular of the Mother of God
Website santamariainportico.it
History
Status titular church
Founded6th century AD
Dedication Mary, mother of Jesus
Relics held Saint John Leonardi
Architecture
Architectural type Baroque
Completed1667
Administration
Diocese Rome

Santa Maria in Campitelli or Santa Maria in Portico (Santa Maria in Portico di Campitelli) is a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the narrow Piazza di Campitelli in Rione Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy. The church is served by the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God.

Contents

History

Santa Maria in Campitelli is located over the former site of the Temple of Jupiter Stator, part of the Porticus Octaviae until the area's destruction in the Great Fire of Rome in the mid-1st century. The Temple of Juno Regina was located nearby.

Tradition holds that a primitive oratory or church was founded at the site during the years 523–526, under the papacy of Pope John I. This structure was located near the Porticus Octaviae (giving the church and icon its name of "Madonna of the Portico"). The structure was created to house a venerated 25 cm-high icon of the Virgin Mary and Saints Peter and Paul. According to legend, the icon appeared miraculously in 524 at the table of Galla, a Roman woman who was helping the poor, and it was said to be carried in processions since 590. [1]

The initial church structure was the no-longer extant Oratory of Santa Galla, located across the piazza from the present church, and which was attached to a hospital of the same name. More recent analysis of the style and dendrochronology of the icon date it to the 11th century. The image is very likely a reproduction of some ancient painting or mosaic venerated in the Galla portico. [2]

Circa 1656, the city of Rome was ravaged by plague, and it was felt that the prayers to this icon, which had been carried in procession through the streets, had played a role in stopping the epidemic. This putative miraculous intervention prompted Pope Alexander VII to erect a grander church, instead of the ancient oratory, to house the icon. He commissioned the high Baroque design from Carlo Rainaldi, [3] and construction took place between 1659 and 1667. The church was kept under the maintenance by the order of Clerics Regular of the Mother of God, that had been founded in Lucca. [4]

Rainaldi's facade has a complex stacking of two levels of travertine Corinthian (below) and composite columns, detached from the facade, and emphasizing a strong vertical lines. [5] The original design included statues which were however never executed. The portal has an inscription offering plenary indulgence daily to the living and dead.

Santa Maria in Portico is a diaconate; it has as its current Cardinal-Deacon Michael Louis Fitzgerald. [6]

To the left of the facade is a fountain by Giacomo della Porta. The Church was a location for the 2021 movie House of Gucci for the scene of the wedding of Patrizia (Lady Gaga) and Maurizio (Adam Driver).

Interior

Santa Maria in Portico Rome Santa Maria in Campitelli 2020 P02 Santa Maria in Portico.jpg
Santa Maria in Portico

The main altar of the church houses the icon in a gilded glory or gloria of angels, clouds and rays of light, recalls the effects used by Bernini for the apse of Basilica of St Peter. The design was an invention of Melchiorre Cafà who made a wax model (but his participation in the project was cut short by his untimely death) the project was directed by Rainaldi (c.1666), it was completed by Giovanni Antonio de Rossi, Ercole Ferrata and Giovanni Paolo Schor. The main altar enshrines the small icon of Santa Maria in Portico.

The icon is a precious work of silver-gilt and champlevé enamel, probably from the 11th century. [5] There is a staircase behind the 'gloria' allowing a better view of the icon, open by request only.

In the right crossing is the funerary monument of Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca (died 1863), sculpted by Ferdinando Pettrich.

Chapels

Since the time of the James Francis Edward Stuart, the church has been a center of devotion praying for the conversion of England back to Catholicism.

List of cardinal deacons

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Schofield, Nicholas. "Santa Maria in Campitelli: an old Roman church with strong British connections", Venerable English College, Rome, 26 February 2020
  2. "The Icon of Santa Maria in Portico", Santa Maria in Campitelli
  3. Leone, Stephanie C., "S. Maria in Campitelli", Roma: Caput Mundi, Boston College
  4. Guida metodica di Roma e suoi contorni, by Giuseppe Melchiorri, Rome (1836); page 326.
  5. 1 2 3 "Church of Santa Maria in Portico in Campitelli", Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department
  6. "Santa Maria in Portico (Campitelli)". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  7. Melchiorri, page 327.