Capture of the St. Michael

Last updated
Capture of St. Michael
Part of the Dano-Mughal War
Danish India 1643-1669.png
Danish India at the time of the capture, 1643-1669
Date29 September 1644
Location
Result Danish victory
Belligerents
Danish Colonial Merchant Ensign India.png  Danish India Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg Bengal Subah
Commanders and leaders
Danish Colonial Merchant Ensign India.png Willem Leyel Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg Unknown nakoda
Units involved
Danish Colonial Merchant Ensign India.png FortunaFlag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svgSt. Michael [lower-alpha 1]
Strength
1 ship 1 ship
1 boat
Casualties and losses
Unknown 1 ship captured

The Capture of St. Michael (Danish; Kapre af St. Michael) or the Seizure of St. Michael, was a Danish seizure of a Bengali ship in the Bay of Bengal. The Danes captured the Bengali ship and the vessel was subsequently incorporated into the Danish Navy given the name St. Michael.

Contents

Background

In 1625 the Danish vessel, Jupiter was lost off the coast of Odisha in Bengal along with its men and goods, which resulted in the imprisonment of the captain and his crew by local Bengali authorities. [1] Similar events happened to Nattergalen in 1626 and St. Jacob in 1640. [1] Such considerable losses could not be tolerated by Danish India, and in 1642 governor Bernt Pessart declared war on the Mughal Empire to retaliate for their initial losses. [2] [3] Pessart was afterwards deposed, and Willem Leyel assumed office. [4]

Capture

Leyel resumed privateering against the Bengalis, when he put the vessel Fortuna at sea. [4] At sea it confronted a Bengali ship, which was on its way home from the Maldive islands. [5] [4] On board were coconut fibre and Crownies, which in ancient time were used as jewellery and as local Indian currency. [5] When the Bengali captain (a Nakoda) saw the Fortuna he figured that resistance was to be useless, and so he jumped into a boat with some ambergris and other goods and fled. [6] The Bengali captain also took the sails, presumably in the hope that the Danes would have hardship to remove the ship. [5] [4] [6]

Later Danish settlement in Bengal, Frederiksnagore, by Peter Anker 1790 Fredrichsnagor Bengal - Peter Anker (1744-1832) - Kulturhistorisk museum, UiO - UEM4428.jpg
Later Danish settlement in Bengal, Frederiksnagore, by Peter Anker

Aftermath

Despite new sails the ship still sailed very slow, so Leyel sailed ahead to Emeldy, where he would wait a fortnight before the prize arrived. [7] When arriving at Emeldy the prize was incorporated into the Dano-Norwegian Navy, and since it was seized on St. Michael's Day, it received the name St Michael. [8] [7] [4]

St Michael in Danish service

During the rest of Leyel's regime St Michael would be one of four Danish ships that were active in the East Indies. [9] In October 1644 St Michael was nearly wrecked in a storm. It lost both anchors and the crew were stranded on a coast near Narasapuram, though they managed to safe the ship by cutting the mainmast. [10] [4] In February 1645 it was sent to a Dutch shipyard at Cotiari to be repaired, [10] and later in 1645 it would set sail for Queda (Kedah) on the basis of trade. [8] [11] [4]

See also

Notes

  1. Name given to the vessel after its seizure

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dano-Mughal War</span> Danish colonial conflict against the Mughal Empire

The Dano-Mughal War, formally the Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, was a colonial and maritime conflict between the Mughal Empire and the Danish East India Company over trade commerce in the Bay of Bengal. Lasting from 1642 to 1698, the conflict has also been referred to by historians as the Dano-Bengali Thirty Years' War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skirmish at Pipli</span> Confrontation between the Danes and Mughals in Pipli

The Skirmish at Pipli or more formally the Destruction of the Danish factory at Pipli, was one of the two recorded land confrontations between the Danish East India Company and the Mughal Empire during the Dano-Mughal War. The Skirmish was a Mughal punitive expidition in retalition for the Danish arrest of a Persian merchant. The Skirmish ended in a Mughal victory, and the Danish factory in Pipli was destroyed and burned down.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Dansborg (1644)</span> Siege in Tranquebar, India 1644

The Siege of Dansborg or the Siege of Fort Dansborg, was a short siege lasting from 20 to 30 December 1644, between general Tiagepule of Thanjavur and the Danish command at Fort Dansborg. The conflict started over the Danish rejection of the general's demand to tax Tranquebar, and as a result, a series of confrontations followed. The confrontations had no major result, and an armistice may have been signed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willem Leyel's siege of Dansborg</span> Siege of Fort Dansborg, 1644

The Siege of Dansborg alternatively the Siege of Fort Dansborg sometimes also referred to as Willem Leyel's siege of Dansborg, was a siege initiated by traveler and seafarer, Willem Leyel, against the men loyal to governor Bernt Pessart. The siege was concluded after the men at Dansborg opened the gates for Willem Leyel, surrendered, and accepted Leyel as the new governor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Dansborg (1624)</span> Siege on Danish fort in India, 1624

The Siege of Dansborg or the Siege of Fort Dansborg, was a siege of the newly finished Danish fort of Dansborg in Trangebar in 1624. The siege was initiated by the nayak of Thanjavur, Raghunatha, because of the Danish rejection of the demands from the nayak. The Siege, laid by general Calicut, was abandoned after the arrival of Danish reinforcements from sea. The event is mostly described by Icelander, Jón Ólafsson, in his work The Life of the Icelander Jón Ólafsson, Traveller to India.

Willem Leyel or Willum Leyel was a Danish governor of Tranquebar and captain in the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skirmish at the Strait of Malacca</span> Skirmish between Danes and Dutch in Malacca, 1644

The Skirmish at the Strait of Malacca was a skirmish between the claimed governor of Tranquebar, Bernt Pessart, and the local authorities of Dutch Malacca. The confrontation led to the imprisonment or death of all of Pessart's crew and the confiscation of the vessel, Dend gode Haab. Although Pessart and his crew would later be released and cooperate with the Dutch to spy on the Spanish in Manila.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambush near the Bay of Manila</span> Ambush of Danish and Dutch sailors in the Philippines, 1645

The Ambush near the Bay of Manila, alternatively the Death of Bernt Pessart, was an ambush by the Indigenous peoples of the Philippines, against a combined Dano-Dutch espionaging expeditionary force in 1645. The ambush led to the death of former governor and president of Danish India, Bernt Pessart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sieges of Tranquebar (1655–1669)</span> Sieges in Tranquebar, India 1655-1669

The Sieges of Tranquebar or the War between Tranquebar and Thanjavur refers to the warfare between the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom and Danish Tranquebar between 1655 – 1669. The Thanjavurian sieges were repelled, mainly due to the new fortifications being built around Tranquebar, and a peace agreement was issued in 1669.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conflict between Willem Leyel and Bernt Pessart</span> Conflict and Danish civil war in India, between 1643–1645

The Conflict between William Leyel and Bernt Pessart refers to the tensions and minor civil war between Willem Leyel and Bernt Pessart over the governorship of Tranquebar and the Danish East India Company. The conflict led to the escape of Bernt Pessart, and the command at Tranquebar accepted Willem Leyel as governor of Danish India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attack in Hooghly</span> Danish attack on Bengali vessels in Hooghly, 1671

The Attack in Hooghly was a Danish attack on two Bengali ships during the Dano-Mughal War in 1671. The Danes succeeded in blowing up the Bengali ships, and violence continued off the coasts of Kalingapatnam and Balasore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Balasore</span> Battle between Mughals and Europeans in Balasore, 1647

The Battle of Balasore was an engagement between Bengali and English ships against Danish ships at Balasore. When the English failed to persuade the Danes, the Bengalis started attacking the English vessel, yet the English were rescued by the Dutch.

Roland Crappé or Roelant Crappé was a Dutch colonial official serving the Dutch and Danish East India Company. He became director general of the Ceylonese department of the Danish East India Company in 1618 and became commander in chief and governor of Tranquebar upon his seventh arrival in the Indies in 1624. During his leadership, new factories and offices were established and Danish trade went exceptionally well. He died in 1644 only a few years after his homecoming to Denmark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tranquebar Rebellion</span> 1648 rebellion in Danish India

The Tranquebar Rebellion also known as the TranquebarMutiny was a bloodless mutiny and uprising against the governor of Tranquebar, Willem Leyel, at Tranquebar in 1648. The mutineers succeeded in arresting Leyel, and he would be replaced by the leader of the rebellion, Paul Hansen Korsør.

Bernt Pessart, Berndt Pessart or Berent Pessart was a Dutch overhoved and self-proclaimed President of Danish India from 1636 to 1643. In his earlier years, he would serve the Dutch East India Company in Bantam, and in September 1636 he would land in Danish Tranquebar on the St. Jacob. Here he would serve the Danish East India Company until his deposure in 1643, after which he again would serve the Dutch East India Company by espionage on the Spanish Philippines. He would die in June 1645 by an ambush of local natives near Manila.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Expulsion of Danes from Balasore</span> 1643/1644 ousting of Danes in Balasore

The Expulsion of Danes from Balasore was a violent expulsion and ousting of the Danish East India Company from the Mughal habour and trading hub of Balasore in 1643 or 1644 by the local Mughal governor, Malik Beg.

The Sinking of the Flensborg, also known as the Sinking of the Flensburg, was a minor skirmish between Danish and Portuguese vessels in 1630 off the Portuguese-controlled Cape of Good Hope. The skirmish resulted in the sinking of the Danish man-of-war Flensborg and caused great financial concerns about the Danish project in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dano-Carical Conflict</span> 1644–1645 European conflict in India

The Dano-Carical Conflict was a small-scale conflict between the Danes at Tranquebar and the Portuguese at Carical (Karaikal). The conflict includes three smaller naval engagements, which eventually led to a four-hour-long imprisonment of Danish Captain Simon Jansen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willem Leyel's war on Golconda</span> 1640s minor war in India

Willem Leyel's war on Golconda, or simply the Dano-Golconda War, was a brief privateering war between Sultanate of Golkonda and the Danish East India Company led by Willem Leyel. The hostilities quickly resulted in a peace treaty and the two parties would soon reconcile.

<i>Christianshavn</i> Incident 1640 naval incident

The Christianshavn Incident, also known as the Skirmish at Santa Cruz, was a minor incident and skirmish between Danish and Spanish military assets near Santa Cruz de Tenerife in Spain. The Danish vessel, the Christianshavn, was badly wounded and the Danes had to retreat into habour, where they would be detained.

References

Works cited