 | This article is an autobiography or has been extensively edited by the subject or by someone connected to the subject.(December 2016) |
Carlos Alzugaray Treto | |
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| Born | 1943 (age 79–80) Havana, Cuba |
Carlos Alzugaray Treto (born 1943 in Havana) is a Cuban diplomat and educator.
He is the only child of the lawyer Mario Alzugaray Ramos Izquierdo and Conchita Treto Villaverde. His grandfather was the prominent Abogado-Notario (Attorney-Notary), Carlos Martín Alzugaray Lavaggi. [1] Dr. Alzugaray is married and has three children and five grandchildren. (as of 30/06/2014)
He studied at the International Division of Sophia University in Tokyo, Japan, from 1959 to 1961 and at the University of Havana from 1961 to 1965. He has a bachelor's degrees in Diplomacy (1965) and History of Cuba (1989); a master's degree in Contemporary History (1999) and a Ph.D. in Historical Sciences, all from the University of Havana. His Ph.D. dissertation was on the Eisenhower Administration's policy towards the Cuban Revolution 1958–1961.
Since 1980 he has been on the faculty of the Instituto Superior de Relaciones Internacionales Raúl Roa García (Raúl Roa García Institute for Advanced International Studies) (ISRI). [1] At the same time, he has been an adjunct professor at the University of Havana.
He has also been a Cuban Foreign Service officer, being posted from 1961 to 1962 as assistant attaché at the Embassy of Cuba in Tokyo, Japan; from 1962 to 1965 as country analyst officer, Directorate for Inter-American Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Relations in Havana; from 1965 to 1970 as second secretary at the Embassy of Cuba in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1971 to 1973 as the department head, Balkan Socialist Countries, Socialist Countries Directorate at the Ministry of Foreign Relations in, Havana; in 1971 as secretary of the Cuban delegation, Mixed Intergovernmental Commission for Cuban-Bulgarian Economic and Scientific-Technical Cooperation in Sophia, Bulgaria; from 1973 to 1977 as first secretary to the Embassy of Cuba in Buenos Aires, Argentina; from 1977 to 1980 as the consul general of Cuba in Montreal, Quebec, Canada; from 1980 to 1983 as deputy director in charge of the Analysis-Department, North American Affairs Directorate in the Ministry of Foreign Relations in Havana; from 1983 to 1987 as minister-counselor to the Embassy of Cuba in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; from 1983 to 1987 as the alternate representative of Cuba to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia; in 1985 adviser of the Cuban Delegation to the United Nations Conference on the Status of Women in Nairobi, Kenya; from 1988 to 1990 as deputy rector for research and postgraduate studies, Advanced Institute for International Relations (ISRI), Ministry of Foreign Relations in Havana; from 1990 to 1992 as adviser for United States and Canadian Affairs to the Deputy Minister for Inter-American Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Relations in Havana; from 1992 to 1994 as adviser to the Minister on Global Political Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Relations in Havana; in 1993 as member of the official Cuban delegation headed by the Foreign Minister which visited Colombia at the invitation of President César Gaviria; in 1994 as member of the United Nations Observer Mission in South Africa (UNOMSA) and also the coordinator of the group of 20 Cuban observers who participated in this mission to supervise elections in South Africa in April 1995; and from 1994 to 1996 as Ambassador of Cuba to Belgium and Luxembourg and head of the Cuban Mission to the European Union and Communities in Brussels, Belgium. [1]
Since 1980, he has taught courses on Cuban Foreign Policy (undergraduate and postgraduate studies at ISRI), History of the United States (undergraduate at the University of Havana), U.S. Foreign Policy (postgraduate at ISRI and at the University of Havana), Cuba-United States relations (postgraduate at ISRI), U.S. Policy for Latin America and the Caribbean (postgraduate at the University of Havana), Latin American and Caribbean International Relations (postgraduate at ISRI and at the University of Havana) and European Integration (postgraduate at ISRI). In the late 2000s, Alzugaray began teaching a course to foreign undergraduate students from American University in Washington, DC. At present he continues to teach all these courses but only at postgraduate level at both institutions. In 1998 and 1999 he was among the professors and teachers who received the national award for outstanding results from the Cuban Teachers & Scientific Workers' Union.
He is a regular lecturer on current international affairs on U.S. history, politics and foreign relations and on European political developments at the National Defense College in Havana. He has lectured at other universities both in Cuba and overseas, among them in Mexico, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Canada, the United States, Belgium, Luxembourg, Great Britain, Spain, Italy and Switzerland. He headed the Cuban delegation to the Joint Cuban-Nigerian Academic Dialogue on International Affairs in Havana in 1989.
He is participating at present in an academic project involving scholars from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Mexico, the United States and Cuba, coordinated by the Asociación por la Unidad de Nuestra América (Association for the Unity of Our America) (AUNA), with the objective of producing four books on the historical, economic, socio-cultural and political aspects of Latin American integration and an accompanying atlas. He is also a member of the Greater Caribbean Integration Observatory. Between March and June 2000 he was a Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy.
In 2003, he was denied a visa to enter the United States to speak at the Latin American Studies Association's International Congress.[ citation needed ]
Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile has been an active participant in the regional and international arena. Chile assumed a two-year non-permanent position on the UN Security Council in January 2003 and was re-elected to the council in October 2013. It is also an active member of the UN family of agencies, serving as a member of the Commission on Human Rights and participating in UN peacekeeping activities. Chile hosted the second Summit of the Americas in 1998, was the chair of the Rio Group in 2001, hosted the Defense Ministerial of the Americas in 2002, and the APEC summit and related meetings in 2004. In 2005 it hosted the Community of Democracies ministerial conference. It is an associate member of Mercosur and a full member of APEC. The OECD agreed to invite Chile to be among four countries to open discussions in becoming an official member.
Cuba's foreign policy has been fluid throughout history depending on world events and other variables, including relations with the United States. Without massive Soviet subsidies and its primary trading partner, Cuba became increasingly isolated in the late 1980s and early 1990s after the fall of the USSR and the end of the Cold War, but Cuba opened up more with the rest of the world again starting in the late 1990s when they have since entered bilateral co-operation with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia beginning in the late 1990s, especially after the Venezuela election of Hugo Chávez in 1999, who became a staunch ally of Castro's Cuba. The United States used to stick to a policy of isolating Cuba until December 2014, when Barack Obama announced a new policy of diplomatic and economic engagement. The European Union accuses Cuba of "continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms". Cuba has developed a growing relationship with the People's Republic of China and Russia. Cuba provided civilian assistance workers – principally medical – to more than 20 countries. More than one million exiles have escaped to foreign countries. Cuba's present foreign minister is Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla.
Peru is an important first-tier state in South America, Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945, and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, mainly small countries like Yemen but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.
This article deals with the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Uruguay. At the political level, these matters are officially handled by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, also known as Cancillería, which answers to the President.
Alfredo de Zayas y Alfonso, usually known as Alfredo de Zayas under Spanish naming customs and also known as Alfredo Zayas, was a Cuban lawyer, poet and political figure. He served as prosecutor, judge, mayor of Havana, secretary of the Constitutional Convention, Senator in 1905, president of the Senate in 1906, Vice President of Cuba from 1909 to 1913 and President of Cuba from May 20, 1921, to May 20, 1925.
Fernando Ramón Martínez Heredia was a prominent Cuban revolutionary thinker and politician. Martínez was a founding member of the Cuban Communist Party, and as a member of the July 26 Movement, he took part in the Revolution which overthrow the Batista dictatorship.
Carlos Andrés Escudé Carvajal was an Argentine political scientist and author, who during the 1990s served as special advisor to foreign minister Guido di Tella. As such, he advised on Argentine foreign policy strategy vis-à-vis the Western powers particularly in the wake of the Falklands War.
Colonel Juan Blas Hernández was a prominent figure in the 1933 revolt against Gerardo Machado. He led various successful campaigns against Machado's troops en route to Havana.
Jorge Alberto Lozoya Legorreta is a Mexican diplomat with broad experience in international cooperation and cultural affairs. He has also been associated with some of the top Mexican and international academic institutions, with special interest on Asian civilizations and prospective studies and international negotiations.
Ramón Dionisio José de la Sagra y Peris was a Spanish anarchist, politician, writer, and botanist who founded the world's first anarchist journal, El Porvenir.
Modesto Seara Vázquez «Allariz, September 11, 1931» jurist and academic mexican, has lived in several countries but has spent most of his life in Mexico. He has actively participated in Mexican life as a professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and since 1988 as the Rector of the Oaxaca State University System in the State of Oaxaca.
José Antonio Echeverría Bianchi was a prominent figure in the Cuban Revolution against President Fulgencio Batista. Echeverría was the President of the Federation of University Students and a founding member of the militant organization Directorio Revolucionario 13 de Marzo. He is known for his role in the attack on the Presidential Palace and the Radio Reloj radio station of Cuba. Echeverría's nickname was "Manzanita," which means "Little Apple."
The following is a timeline of the history of Havana, Cuba.
Susana Catalina Chacón Domínguez is a professor and researcher with the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. Her work has been recognized with Level II membership in Mexico’s Sistema Nacional de Investigadores as well as membership in the Club of Rome.
Cuba–Spain relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Cuba and the Kingdom of Spain. Relations date back more than five centuries. Cuba had been a colony from 1492 until 1898 when the United States took over the territory in the Spanish–American War. Many Cubans have ancestry dating back from Spain. Many Spaniards escaped the first Spanish Civil War and went to Cuba, and other countries, around 1820–1825.
Carmen Diana Deere is an American feminist economist who is an expert on land policy and agrarian reform, rural social movements, and gender in Latin American development. She has conducted extensive research on access to land, economic autonomy of rural women, and property rights in Latin America. Deere's research and work, often carried out with Magdalena León de Leal, have contributed to promoting the changes that have taken place since 1980 in the vast majority of countries in Latin America with respect to the reform of land laws, civil codes, and family matters, as well as the approval of new legislation that recognizes the equal rights of women and men, including their property rights. Deere is Professor Emeritus of Latin American studies and Food Resources Economics at the University of Florida and Professor Emeritus of FLACSO-Ecuador. She was honored with the Silvert Award in 2018.
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