Related Research Articles
Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers was a Dutch politician,diplomat and businessman who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1982 to 1994,and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 2001 to 2005. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP),which later merged to become the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party.
Luísa Dias Diogo is a Mozambican politician who served as Prime Minister of Mozambique from February 2004 to January 2010. She replaced Pascoal Mocumbi,who had been Prime Minister for the previous nine years. Before becoming Prime Minister,she was Minister of Planning and Finance,and she continued to hold that post until February 2005.
Hilde Frafjord Johnson is a Norwegian politician from the Christian Democratic Party. She is a former Minister of International Development of Norway,and member of the Norwegian Government. She most recently served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan,completing her term in July 2014
Dileep Nair is a Singaporean diplomat and bureaucrat,who was the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services and head of the United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services. In that capacity,he oversaw investigations of wrongdoings related to the United Nations in a range of countries including within the headquarters. The Oil-for-food scandal was initially investigated by Dileep Nair's office before turning it over to the investigating body headed by former United States Federal Reserve Chairman,Paul Volcker.
The United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) is an independent office in the United Nations Secretariat whose mandate is to "assist the Secretary-General in fulfilling his internal oversight responsibilities in respect of the resources and staff of the Organization." Specifically,activities include internal audit,investigation,monitoring,evaluation,inspection,reporting and support services to the United Nations Secretariat.
Anna Gunilla Carlsson is a Swedish politician and a member of the Moderate Party. She served as Minister for International Development Cooperation from 2006 to 2013,member of the Swedish Riksdag from 2002 to 2013 and deputy chairman of her party from 2003 to 2015.
Inga-Britt Monica Stigsdotter Ahlenius is a Swedish auditor,public servant and former Under-Secretary-General for the United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS).
Haja Zainab Hawa Bangura is a Sierra Leonean politician and social activist who has been serving as the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON) since 2018,appointed by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres. She served as the second United Nations Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict with the rank of Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2012 to 2017,in succession to the first holder of the post,Margot Wallström. In 2017 she was succeeded by Pramila Patten.
Hassan Bubacar Jallow is a Gambian judge who has served as Chief Justice of the Gambia since February 2017. He was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2003 to 2016,and Prosecutor of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) from 2012 to 2016,both at the rank of United Nations Under Secretary-General. He served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1984 to 1994 under President Dawda Jawara.
Sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response first came to public attention with the release of a report in February 2002 of a joint assessment mission examining the issue. The joint mission reported that "refugee children in Guinea,Liberia and Sierra Leone have been subjected to sexual abuse and exploitation,reportedly by employees of national and international NGOs,UNHCR and other UN bodies..." Humanitarian agencies responded almost immediately with measures designed to prevent further abuse,setting up an inter-agency task force with the objective of "strengthening and enhancing the protection and care of women and children in situations of humanitarian crisis and conflict..." In 2008 there were signs that sexual exploitation and abuse of beneficiaries not only continued,but was under-reported. In January 2010,the ECHA/ECPS task force developed a website devoted to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) by personnel of the United Nations (UN),non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other international organizations.
The International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) is an intergovernmental organization whose members are supreme audit institutions. Nearly every supreme audit institution in the world is a member of INTOSAI. Depending on the type of system used in their home country,the members of INTOSAI may be variously titled the Chief Financial Controller,the Office of the Comptroller General,the Office of the Auditor General,the Court of Accounts,or the Board of Audit.
Some of the personnel of the United Nations peacekeeping are accused of commiting sexual abuse in general and of child sexual abuse in particular. An Associated Press (AP) investigation revealed in 2017 that more than 100 United Nations (UN) peacekeepers ran a child sex ring in Haiti over a 10-year period and none were ever jailed. The report further found that over the previous 12 years,there had been almost 2,000 allegations of sexual abuse and exploitation by peacekeepers and other UN personnel around the world. AP found the abuse to be much greater than originally thought. After the AP report,U.S. Ambassador to the UN,Nikki Haley,urged all countries to hold UN peacekeepers accountable for any sexual abuse and exploitation. As early as 2004,Amnesty International reported that underage girls were being kidnapped,tortured and forced into prostitution in Kosovo with UN and NATO personnel being the customers driving the demand for the sex slaves. The UN's department of peacekeeping in New York acknowledged at that time that "peacekeepers have come to be seen as part of the problem in trafficking rather than the solution".
Corruption in Somalia pertains to purported levels of corruption within Somalia's public and private sectors according to official metrics,anti-graft measures aimed at addressing those issues,as well as political dispensations and structural changes in government affecting transparency. Owing to a reported lack of accountability in the receipt and expenditure of public funds by the Transitional Federal Government,a federal Anti-Corruption Commission was put into place in 2011 so as to deter and eliminate graft. On Transparency International's 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index,Somalia scored 12 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Somalia ranked last among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison,the country ranked first in 2022 scored 90 and the average score was 43.
Flavia Pansieri was the United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights at the level of Assistant Secretary-General. She was appointed to this position by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 15 March 2013,and resigned on 22 July 2015,departing on 31 December 2015 after the selection of her successor was announced.
The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) in England and Wales was an inquiry examining how the country's institutions handled their duty of care to protect children from sexual abuse. It was announced by the British Home Secretary,Theresa May,on 7 July 2014. It published its 19th and final report on 20 October 2022.
United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic is a UN peacekeeping mission,which started on April 10,2014,to protect Central African Republic civilians under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. It transformed the 6,000-strong African Union-led peacekeeping force known as MISCA into a UN peacekeeping mission and became operational on September 15,2014. The UN deployed a transition team to set up MINUSCA and prepare for a seamless transition of authority from MISCA to MINUSCA. As of 30 September 2021,it has more than 15,000 troops,police and civilian personnel on the ground. Its role is to:
Heidi Macaraan Lloce-Mendoza is a former Undersecretary General for the United Nations Office of Internal Oversight. A Filipino public official,Mendoza was commissioner and officer-in-charge of the Commission on Audit of the Philippines from 2011 to 2015. On October 6,2015,Mendoza was nominated by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to head the United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services replacing Canadian Carman Lapointe. Mendoza has also served as an external auditor for the Food and Agriculture Organization,World Health Organization and International Labour Organization.
Per Anders Gunnar Kompass is a Swedish diplomat and former UN official. He worked as the field operations director at the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) between 2009 and 2016.
David Muchoki Kanja is the first and current holder of the newly created position of United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for the Office of Internal Oversight Services. Prior to this appointment of 24 April 2012,Mr. Kanja had served as the Director of the United Nations Children’s Fund’s (UNICEF) Office of Internal Audit,overseeing all of the internal audit and investigation activities of the organization.
The Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (OSRSG-SVC) is an office of the United Nations Secretariat tasked with serving the United Nations' spokesperson and political advocate on conflict-related sexual violence,the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC). The Special Representative holds the rank of Under-Secretary-General of the UN and chairs the UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict. The mandate of the SRSG-SVC was established by Security Council Resolution 1888,introduced by Hillary Clinton,and the first Special Representative,Margot Wallström,took office in 2010. The current Special Representative is Pramila Patten of Mauritius,who was appointed by UN Secretary General António Guterres in 2017. The work of the SRSG-SVC is supported by the UN Team of Experts on the Rule of Law/Sexual Violence in Conflict,co-led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPO),Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the UN Development Programme (UNDP),also established under Security Council Resolution 1888.
References
- ↑ "Report of an independent review on sexual exploitation and abuse by international peacekeeping forces in the Central African Republic". daccess-ods.un.org. Uniter Nations General Assembly Seventy-first session. 23 June 2016.
- ↑ Lynch, Colum (17 December 2015). "The U.N. Official Who Blew the Lid off Central African Republic Sex Scandal Vindicated". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ↑ "STATEMENT". Code Blue. Code Blue. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ↑ "Secretary-General welcomes approval of his nominee Carman L. Lapointe (Canada) as Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services". un.org. UN. Retrieved 16 March 2014.