The Warlpiri,sometimes referred to as Yapa,are a group of Aboriginal Australians defined by their Warlpiri language,although not all still speak it. There are 5,000–6,000 Warlpiri,living mostly in a few towns and settlements scattered through their traditional land in the Northern Territory,north and west of Alice Springs. About 3,000 still speak the Warlpiri language. The word "Warlpiri" has also been romanised as Walpiri,Walbiri,Elpira,Ilpara,and Wailbri.
A mixed language is a language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole or pidgin language in that,whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language,a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages.
Yuendumu is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia,293 km (182 mi) northwest of Alice Springs on the Tanami Road,within the Central Desert Region local government area. It ranks as one of the larger remote communities in central Australia,and has a thriving community of Aboriginal artists. It is home to Pintubi Anmatjere Warlpiri (PAW) Media,which produced the TV series Bush Mechanics.
David George Nash is a prominent Australian field linguist,specialising in the Aboriginal languages of Australia. Brought up in Parkes,New South Wales,he received a BA in pure mathematics from the Australian National University followed by an M.A. in Linguistics. He then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,where he studied with Ken Hale and received his PhD in Linguistics in 1980. Before returning to Australia,he worked on the Lexicon Project at MIT. In 2005 he was Ken Hale Professor at the Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute. He works as a consultant for various Aboriginal organisations. He is also a Visiting Fellow of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
Lajamanu,formerly known as Hooker Creek Native Settlement or just Hooker Creek,is a small town of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located around 560 km (350 mi) from Katherine and approximately 890 km (550 mi) from Darwin. At the 2016 Australian census,Lajamanu had a population of 606,of whom 89.3 percent are of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin,chiefly Warlpiri people.
Gurindji Kriol is a mixed language which is spoken by Gurindji people in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory (Australia). It is mostly spoken at Kalkaringi and Daguragu which are Aboriginal communities located on the traditional lands of the Gurindji. Related mixed varieties are spoken to the north by Ngarinyman and Bilinarra people at Yarralin and Pigeon Hole. These varieties are similar to Gurindji Kriol,but draw on Ngarinyman and Bilinarra which are closely related to Gurindji.
Light Warlpiri is a mixed language of Australia,with indigenous Warlpiri,Kriol,and Standard Australian English as its parent languages. First documented by linguist Carmel O'Shannessy of the University of Michigan,it is spoken in the Warlpiri community of Lajamanu,mostly by people under the age of 40. As of 2013,there were 350 native speakers of Light Warlpiri,although all of the speakers also knew traditional Warlpiri and many speak Kriol and English.
Lajamanu Teenage Band are a rock band from Lajamanu,a town located about 600 km to the north of Yuendumu. The members are Warlpiri and their songs are sung in Warlpiri and English. They are popular in the Aboriginal communities. Their album Vision was nominated for an ARIA Award for Best World Music Album.
The Warumungu are a group of Aboriginal Australians of the Northern Territory. Today,Warumungu are mainly concentrated in the region of Tennant Creek and Alice Springs.
Peggy Rockman Napaljarri is a Warlpiri-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Born on what is now Tanami Downs pastoral station in the Northern Territory,she learned English when working as a child with a white mining family;Peggy Rockman and her family were subsequently relocated by government authorities to Lajamanu,a new community west of Tennant Creek. Peggy Rockman is one of the traditional owners of Tanami Downs.
Louisa Lawson Napaljarri (Pupiya) was a Warlpiri-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Louisa commenced painting at Lajamanu,Northern Territory in 1986. Her work is held by the National Gallery of Victoria.
The Anmatyerr,also spelt Anmatyerre,Anmatjera,Anmatjirra,Amatjere and other variations) are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory,who speak one of the Upper Arrernte languages.
Lily Nungarrayi Yirringali Jurrah Hargraves is a Walpiri artist and senior Law woman from Lajamanu,Northern Territory,Australia. She was also known as Maggie Jurrah/Hargraves. She now prefers to be known as Jurrah but is best known as Lily Hargraves. Her Warlpiri name is Yirringali and Nungarrayi is her skin name.
Jane Simpson is an Australian linguist and professor emerita at Australian National University.
Dolly Nampijinpa Daniels (1936–2004) was an Australian Aboriginal ritual leader,Warlipiri speaker,renowned artist,and land -rights advocate for the Warlipiri people of the Northern Territory.
Felicity Meakins is a linguist specialising in Australian Indigenous languages,morphology and language contact,who was one of the first academics to describe Gurindji Kriol. As of 2022,she is a professor at the University of Queensland and Deputy Director of the University of Queensland node of the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language. She holds an ARC Future Fellowship focusing on language evolution and contact processes across northern Australia.
The Kukatja people,also written Gugadja,are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
The Ngardi,also spelled Ngarti,are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory and Western Australia.
The Warlmanpa are an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory.
Verbless clauses are comprised,semantically,of a predicand,expressed or not,and a verbless predicate. For example,the underlined string in [With the children so sick,] we've been at home a lot means the same thing as the clause the children are so sick. It attributes the predicate "so sick" to the predicand "the children". In most contexts,*the children so sick would be ungrammatical.
