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In linguistics,code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages,or language varieties,in the context of a single conversation or situation. Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages,while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together. Multilinguals sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. Thus,code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety. Code-switching may happen between sentences,sentence fragments,words,or individual morphemes. However,some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switching. There are many ways in which code-switching is employed,such as when a speaker is unable to express themselves adequately in a single language or to signal an attitude towards something. Several theories have been developed to explain the reasoning behind code-switching from sociological and linguistic perspectives.
Code-mixing is the mixing of two or more languages or language varieties in speech.
Sarah Grey Thomason is an American scholar of linguistics,Bernard Bloch distinguished professor emerita at the University of Michigan. She is best known for her work on language contact,historical linguistics,pidgins and creoles,Slavic Linguistics,Native American languages and typological universals. She also has an interest in debunking linguistic pseudoscience,and has collaborated with publications such as the Skeptical Inquirer,The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal and American Speech,in regard to claims of xenoglossy.
Shana Poplack,is a Distinguished University Professor in the linguistics department of the University of Ottawa and three time holder of the Canada Research Chair in Linguistics. She is a leading proponent of variation theory,the approach to language science pioneered by William Labov. She has extended the methodology and theory of this field into bilingual speech patterns,the prescription-praxis dialectic in the co-evolution of standard and non-standard languages,and the comparative reconstruction of ancestral speech varieties,including African American vernacular English. She founded and directs the University of Ottawa Sociolinguistics Laboratory.
Ping Li is a Professor of Psychology,Linguistics,and Information Sciences and Technology at Pennsylvania State University. He specializes in language acquisition,focusing on bilingual language processing in East Asian languages and connectionist modeling. Li received a B.A. in Chinese linguistics from Peking University in 1983,an M.A. in theoretical linguistics from Peking University,a Ph.D. in psycholinguistics from Leiden University and the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in 1990,and completed post-doctoral fellowships at the Center for Research in Language at the University of California,San Diego and the McDonnell-Pew Center for Research in Cognitive Neuroscience in 1992. Li has been employed at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (1992–1996),the University of Richmond (1996–2006),and Pennsylvania State University (2008–present),and he has also served as a Visiting Associate Professor at Hong Kong University (2002–2003),an adjunct professor at the State Key Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning at Beijing Normal University (2000–present),as well as Program Director for the Perception,Action,and Cognition Program and the Cognitive Neuroscience Program at the National Science Foundation (2007–2009).
Geneva Smitherman is a University Distinguished Professor Emerita of English and co-founder of the African American and African Studies doctoral program at Michigan State University. Smitherman co-founded the first public African-centered elementary school in the country Malcolm X Academy within the Detroit Public Schools. She is also known as "Dr. G" and "Dr. Smitherman".
Rena Torres Cacoullos is an American linguist known for her work on language variation and change,as well as her research on processes of grammaticalization and the linguistic outcomes of language contact. She is currently Professor of Spanish Linguistics in the Department of Spanish,Italian,and Portuguese at the Pennsylvania State University.
Natalia Gvishiani is a Russian linguist,professor,scholar and academic. She totals more than 110 publications on Terminology and Philology. In 2010,the Moscow State University made her a Distinguished professor
Almyra Oveta Fuller was an associate professor of microbiology and immunology at University of Michigan Medical School. She served as the director of the African Studies Center (ASC),faculty in the ASC STEM Initiative at the University of Michigan (U-M) and an adjunct professor at Payne Theological Seminary. Fuller was a virologist and specialized in research of Herpes simplex virus,as well as HIV/AIDS. Fuller and her research team discovered a B5 receptor,advancing the understanding of Herpes simplex virus and the cells it attacks.
Robin M. Queen is an American linguist and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Michigan. In 2010 she was named a Arthur F. Thurnau Professor and Professor of Linguistics,English Languages and Literatures,and Germanic Languages and Literatures. She also served as the Chair of the Department of Linguistics at the University of Michigan.
The bibliography of code-switching comprises all academic and peer-reviewed works on the topic of code-switching. It is sorted by category,then alphabetically.
Johanne Catherine Paradis is a language scientist and expert on bilingual language development. She is Professor of Linguistics and Adjunct Professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Alberta,where she directs the Language Acquisition Lab and the Child English Second Language (CHESL) Center.
Susan Gass is an American Kenneth W. Mildenberger Prize-winner linguist. She is currently a professor emerita,retired from the Department of Linguistics,Languages,and Cultures at Michigan State University. Her research focuses on applied linguistics with a special focus on second language learning,corrective feedback,and task-based language learning. She graduated in 1961 from Kingswood School Cranbrook.
Mary Macken-Horarik is an Australian linguist. She is an adjunct Associate Professor in the Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education (ILSTE) at the Australian Catholic University. This title was awarded "in recognition of her international reputation and scholarly expertise in the field of Senior Secondary English Curriculum." Macken-Horarik is known for her contributions to systemic functional linguistics and its application to literacy,language and English education.
Charles B. Chang is an Associate Professor in the linguistics department at Boston University,where he is also affiliated with the Center for the Study of Asia,the Center for Innovation in Social Science,and the Hearing Research Center. Chang is an Associate Editor of the journal Second Language Research and a Life Member of the Linguistic Society of America.
Barbara Lynn Schneider is an American sociologist and education scholar. She is the John A. Hannah Chair and University Distinguished Professor in the College of Education and Department of Sociology at Michigan State University (MSU).
Cheryl Ann Kerfeld is an American bioengineer who is Hannah Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University. She holds a joint position at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Her research considers bioinformatics,cellular imaging and structural biology.
Patience Louise "Pattie" Epps is an American linguistics professor and researcher at the University of Texas at Austin whose main research focus is on the Naduhup language family,which consists of four extant languages in the Amazon.
Karen Denise Emmorey is a linguist and cognitive neuroscientist known for her research on the neuroscience of sign language and what sign languages reveal about the brain and human languages more generally. Emmorey holds the position of Distinguished Professor in the School of Speech,Language,and Hearing Sciences at San Diego State University,where she directs the Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience and the Center for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience.
Marilyn Shatz is an American scholar known for her work in language development and discourse. She holds the title of Professor Emerita of Psychology and Linguistics at the University of Michigan,where she worked from 1977 until retiring in 2009.
References
- 1 2 3 "Carol Myers-Scotton: Department of English Language and Literature". Emeritus Faculty: Department of English, University of South Carolina. University of South Carolina. n.d. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
- 1 2 "Linguistics Faculty: Carol Myers-Scotton". MSU - Department of Linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian and African Languages. Michigan State University. n.d. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ↑ "Carol Myers-Scotton". Michigan State University. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ↑ "Google Scholar citations Carol Myers-Scotton". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2017-09-24.[ unreliable source? ]
- ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award#0424829 - Steps in Grammatical Turnover-Shift". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
