Carol Reardon

Last updated
Carol Reardon
AwardsHelen Dortch Longstreet Prize, Victor Gondos Memorial Service Award, William Woods Hassler Award for Excellence in Civil War Education
Academic background
Alma mater Allegheny College, University of South Carolina, University of Kentucky

Reardon state that she still believes that historians are interested in literary and nontraditional sources because these sources allow the reader to understand many different aspects of society. For instance, women and children's studies can be researched through non-traditional sources, such as schoolbooks, songs, poetry, etc. Nontraditional sources can fill in the blanks between the home-front and the battlefield. She thinks they are both wartime literature and post-wartime literature are important. Wartime literature allows historians to determine what the understanding of the war was. Post-wartime literature is important because it allows historians to see how understanding has changed. What was remembered, what was lost, and what was changed that may have no foundation in reality. The question that comes from comparing those sources is why they changed. Additionally, literature allows historians to know the underlining emotions that the author felt and sales enable historians to see if the public felt the same way. The literature demonstrates the political and social strains during that time period. Reardon believes that sources that combined nonfiction and fiction are good tools to develop strong historical methodologies. Historians need to research to determine if the author could have known the information at the time or it became knowledge after the fact. Reardon explains the difference between Civil War novel and the Civil War memoirs. With the novel, the author enters the project with no desire to keep within nonfiction; however, with memoirs, authors begin with the intention to stay true, yet once history becomes either dark or boring they add fictional elements. Reardon uses the Battle of Gettysburg to demonstrate how popular memory of the Civil War changes. Now, the Battle of Gettysburg is seen as a unifying symbol and the end of the Civil War; however, that was not always how it was seen. After the Civil War, Gettysburg was primarily targeted to inspire pride in the Union Army and the North. Many Southerners did not make the journey to Gettysburg because there was not much incentive to attend. It was not until the late 1880s that the Battle of Gettysburg began to be expressed in the dramatic unifying moment in United States' history. Finally, Reardon examines the novel The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara. Reardon argues that the novel is useful creates a different perspective of actors in the Civil War which allows people to being to study historiography. Additionally, a fictional novel can promote the public to begin to read non-fiction work on the Battle of Gettysburg. However, Reardon cautions that readers believe that the characters are real and if they are not, it can turn them off from reading. [10]

Television appearances

C-Span: open phones with Carol Reardon

This appearance was to discuss the history of the Battle of Gettysburg on the 150th anniversary. She was asked how the celebrations have changed over the years. Reardon explains that the greatest amount of monument buildings that are on the Gettysburg field happened in the 1880s to 1900s. The monuments were often built by the Civil War Veterans who wanted to have a large say in the design of the monument. The 73rd New York monument is a soldier and a fireman because many of the soldiers were firemen and they wanted to show how the fireman could become the soldier. The 42nd New York monument is a Native American teepee, it represents Tammany Hall which was the Democratic Political Machine in New York. Between regiments, there were arguments over the land to place their monuments. Both the 2nd and 11th Corps wanted Cemetery Hill. The original ruling by the Gettysburg Park authorities was that it should be the 11th Corps because they were the ones who were mainline was actually on Cemetery Hill. However, the 2nd was necessary on the line at Cemetery Hill when the Confederate Soldiers broke through briefly on the night of the 2nd. Additionally, the 2nd did not have a main section anywhere else to build their monument. On another note, Confederate soldiers were not allowed to be buried at the National Cemetery and were buried wherever they left. And it was until the 1870s, that Southern women decided to raise the money to bring the bones back home. Reardon discusses paroled soldiers. Initially, when a soldier was paroled they had to promise to go home until they were notified that they had been exchanged. However, many soldiers continued to stay home after they received their notification, so they created parole camps. These camps held the paroled soldiers and leaders from both Union and Confederate parole camps would meet and agree on an exchange. If a soldier was officially exchanged then they would be told to go back to their regiment. [11]

C-Span: Pickett's Charge panel

This television appearance was a discussion panel including the following historians: Troy Hartman, Jeffry Wert, Richard Sommers, and Peter Carmichael. One topic that Reardon discussed is that Lee concluded to attack reasonably. He evaluates all his options compared them to his ultimate objective. Reardon explains that the first thing that Lee witnessed of day one of Gettysburg is the final attack of the day. It was an attack on open ground and it was a smaller scale of what was later be used at Pickett's Charge. Additionally, on the second day a small amount the Confederate forces were able to get close to the Union line. Ultimately, Reardon argued that Lee asked himself the question 'What can I do?' and then devised a logical plan for the third day. One issue Reardon explains is that it is not concretely known what was Lee's intention at Gettysburg because there are not a lot of primary sources. For example, there were no notes taken at the meeting between Jefferson Davis and Lee; thus, it is not known was discussed there. At the time of the Civil War, it was not required that there be a commander's intent. Reardon does discuss that the purpose of artillery bombardment was to destroy the Union's artillery to hit an area target of both Clump of Trees and Ziegler's Grove. Reardon also discussed how historians believe that Lee was aiming for the seam between two different Union groups. At the end of the talk, Reardon explains how the Union army did a great job at Gettysburg. [12]

Awards

Reardon has been awarded the Helen Dortch Longstreet Prize from the Longstreet Society (2009), Victor Gondos Memorial Service Award from the Society for Military History (2009), George W. Atherton Award for Excellence in Teaching from the Penn State University (2007), and William Woods Hassler Award for Excellence in Civil War Education from the Civil War Education Association (2004). [13]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Gettysburg</span> 1863 battle of the American Civil War

The Battle of Gettysburg was a three-day battle in the American Civil War fought between Union and Confederate forces between July 1 and July 3, 1863, in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle, which was won by the Union, was the Civil War's turning point, ending the Confederacy's aspirations to establish an independent nation, and the war's bloodiest battle, claiming some 50,000 combined casualties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Pickett</span> Confederate army general (1825–1875)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pickett's Charge</span> Confederate infantry assault during the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War

Pickett's Charge, also known as the Pickett–Pettigrew–Trimble Charge, was an infantry assault ordered by Confederate General Robert E. Lee against Major General George G. Meade's Union positions on the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania during the Civil War. Confederate troops made a frontal assault toward the center of Union lines, ultimately being repulsed with heavy casualties. Suffering from a lack of preparation and problems from the onset, the attack was a costly mistake that decisively ended Lee's invasion of the north and forced a retreat back to Virginia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lewis Armistead</span> Confederate general (1817-1863)

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<i>The Killer Angels</i> 1974 novel by Michael Shaara

The Killer Angels is a 1974 historical novel by Michael Shaara that was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975. The book depicts the three days of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War, and the days leading up to it: June 29, 1863, as the troops of both the Union and the Confederacy move into battle around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and July 1, July 2, and July 3, when the battle was fought. The story is character-driven and told from the perspective of various historical figures from both the Confederacy and the Union. A film adaptation of the novel, titled Gettysburg, was released in 1993.

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References

  1. ↑ PennState, Department of History. "Carol Reardon". Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  2. ↑ PennState, Department of History. "Carol Reardon". Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Gilbert, Marie (June 21, 2013). "The Herald-Mail". Herald Mail Media. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  4. ↑ Reardon, Carol (1990). Soldiers and Scholars: The U.S. Army and the Uses of Military History, 1865-1920. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN   0-7006-0466-9.
  5. ↑ Reardon, Carol (2005). Launch the Intruders: A Naval Attack Squadron in the Vietnam War, 1972. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN   0-7006-1389-7.
  6. ↑ Waugh, Joan (2009). Wars within a War: Controversy and Conflict Over the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN   978-0-8078-3275-2.
  7. ↑ Gallagher, Gary (1996). Lee The Soldier . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN   0-8032-2153-3.
  8. ↑ Ford, Lacy (2011). A Companion to the Civil War and Reconstruction. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4443-3882-9.
  9. ↑ Gallagher, Gary (1994). The Third Day at Gettysburg and Beyond. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN   0-8078-2155-1.
  10. ↑ "An Interview with Carol Reardon: On Civil War History, Literature, and Popular Memory". The Ambrose Bierce Project. The Ambrose Bierce Project and Penn State University. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "Open Phones with Carol Reardon". C-SPAN. National Cable Satellite Corporation. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  12. ↑ "Pickett's Charge". C-Span. National Cable Satellite Corporation. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  13. ↑ PennState, Department of History. "Carol Reardon". Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
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