Caryl Phillips (born 13 March 1958) is a Kittitian-British novelist, playwright and essayist. Best known for his novels (for which he has won multiple awards), Phillips is often described as a Black Atlantic writer, since much of his fictional output is defined by its interest in, and searching exploration of, the experiences of peoples of the African diaspora in England, the Caribbean and the United States.[1][2][3] As well as writing, Phillips has worked as an academic at numerous institutions including Amherst College, Barnard College, and Yale University, where he has held the position of Professor of English since 2005.[4][5]
Caryl Phillips was born in St. Kitts to Malcolm and Lillian Phillips on 13 March 1958.[1][4] When he was four months old, his family moved to England and settled in Leeds, Yorkshire.[1][6] In 1976, Phillips won a place at Queen's College, Oxford University, where he read English, graduating in 1979.[1][7] While at Oxford, he directed numerous plays and spent his summers working as a stagehand at the Edinburgh Festival.[1] On graduating, he moved to Edinburgh, where he lived for a year, on the dole, while writing his first play, Strange Fruit (1980), which was taken up and produced by the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield.[1][8][9] Phillips subsequently moved to London, where he wrote two more plays–Where There is Darkness (1982) and Shelter (1983)– that were staged at the Lyric Hammersmith.[1]
At the age of 22, he visited St. Kitts for the first time since his family had left the island in 1958.[10] The journey provided the inspiration for his first novel, The Final Passage, which was published five years later.[1][11] After publishing his second book, A State of Independence (1986), Phillips went on a one-month journey around Europe, which resulted in his 1987 collection of essays The European Tribe.[12] During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Phillips divided his time between England and St. Kitts while working on his novels Higher Ground (1989) and Cambridge (1991).[13] At that time, Phillips was a member of the Black Bristol Writers Group, which helped to foster his creative writing.[14]
In 1990, Phillips took up a Visiting Writer post at Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts. He remained at Amherst College for a further eight years, becoming the youngest English tenured professor in the US when he was promoted to that position in 1995.[1] During this time, he wrote what is perhaps his best-known novel, Crossing the River (1993), which won the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize.[15] After taking up the position at Amherst, Phillips found himself doing "a sort of triangular thing" for a number of years, residing between England, St Kitts, and the U.S.[16]
Finding this way of living both "incredibly exhausting" and "prohibitively expensive", Phillips ultimately decided to give up his residence in St. Kitts, though he says he still makes regular visits to the island.[16] In 1998, he joined Barnard College, Columbia University, as the Henry R. Luce Professor of Migration and Social Order.[7] In 2005 he moved to Yale University, where he currently works as Professor of English.[5] He was made an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2000, and an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 2011.[17]
Phillips supports football team Leeds United and watches "every game".[18]
Works and critical reception
Phillips has tackled themes on the African slave trade from many angles, and his writing is concerned with issues of "origins, belongings and exclusion", as noted by a reviewer of his 2015 novel The Lost Child.[19]The Atlantic Sound has been compared to the travel writing in Looking for Transwonderland, by Nigerian writer Noo Saro-Wiwa.[20]
Caryl Philips unveiling a Leeds Civic Trust Blue Plaque to David Oluwale, 25 April 2022
Phillips is the patron of the David Oluwale Memorial Association, which works to promote the memory of the death of David Oluwale, a Nigerian man in Leeds who was persecuted to death by the police.[21] On 25 April 2022 Phillips unveiled a Leeds Civic Trustblue plaque commemorating Oluwale's death, which was torn down hours later.[22]
Bell, C. Rosalind (Summer 1991). "Worlds Within: An Interview with Caryl Phillips". Callaloo. 14 (3): 578–606. doi:10.2307/2931461. JSTOR2931461.
Bewes, Timothy (Spring 2006). "Shame, Ventriloquy and the Problem of Cliche in Caryl Phillips". Cultural Critique. 63: 33–60. doi:10.1353/cul.2006.0014.
Booker Prize Foundation. "Caryl Phillips". Booker Prize Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
British Council. "Caryl Phillips". British Council. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Low, Gail (Winter 1998). "'A Chorus of Common Memory': Slavery and Redemption in Caryl Phillips' Cambridge and Crossing the River". Research in African Literatures. 29 (1): 121–141.
Metcalfe, Anna (21 June 2010). "Small Talk: Caryl Phillips". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Phillips, Caryl; Sharpe, Jenny (1995). "Of this Time, of that Place". Transition. 68 (68): 154–161. doi:10.2307/2935298. JSTOR2935298.
Phillips, Caryl (17 October 2010). "Once upon a life". The Observer (Observer Magazine). p.14. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Charras, Françoise, "De-Centering the Center: George Lamming's Natives of My Person (1972) and Caryl Phillips's Cambridge (1991)", in Maria Diedrich, Carl Pedersen and Justine Tally (eds), Mapping African America: History, Narrative Form and the Production of Knowledge. Hamburg: LIT, 1999, pp.61–78.
Joannou, Maroula. "'Go West, Old Woman': The Radical Re-Visioning of Slave History in Caryl Phillips's Crossing the River", in Brycchan Carey and Peter J. Kitson (eds), Slavery and the Cultures of Abolition: Essays Marking the Bicentennial of the British Abolition Act of 1807. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2007.
Ledent, Bénédicte. Caryl Phillips. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002.
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