Cationization of cotton

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The cationization of cotton is an electrokinetic process for surface-charging cotton with negative ions. Cationization alters the characterization of the surface of the cotton, which allows salt-free dyeing and improves the dyeability of cotton. The process involves the chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents with cellulose. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Methods of cationization

Cationization involves the modification of cellulosic macromolecules that have positively charged sites, by using a chemical reaction with cationic reagents; for example, with a quaternary ammonium cation or using (3-chloro-2-hydroxylpropyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CHPTAC). [4] [5]

Advantages

Cotton possesses a negative surface charge, while reactive and direct dyes also carry a negative charge. The like charges repel each other, and the addition of salt aids in dyeing by generating a positive charge on the cotton surface. [6] [7] The industry has predominantly used reactive dyes to color knitted cotton goods. The treatment of salt-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns. Cotton cationization is one of the most effective solutions to the aforementioned problem. [8]

Cationization of cotton enables salt-free dyeing and enhances the dyeability of the substrate with anionic dyes such as reactive dyes and direct dyes. Water and salt consumption are one of the major problems in dyeing, especially of cotton, which leads to substantial environmental impact with extra time and cost. Secondly, washing off the residual salt is also important for washing-fastness properties, which needs more washing baths. Cationization of cotton reduces the effluent, TDS load, and water consumption in comparison to the conventional dyeing processes. [9]

See also

References

  1. Paul, Roshan (2015). Denim: Manufacture, Finishing and Applications. Elsevier science. p. 279. ISBN   9780857098498.
  2. Arivithamani, Nallathambi; Giri Dev, Venkateshwarapuram Rengaswami (2018). "Characterization and comparison of salt-free reactive dyed cationized cotton hosiery fabrics with that of conventional dyed cotton fabrics" . Journal of Cleaner Production. 183: 579–589. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.175. ISSN   0959-6526.
  3. Derjaguin, B. V.; Dukhin, S. S.; Rulyov, N. N. (1984), "Kinetic Theory of Flotation of Small Particles" , Surface and Colloid Science, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 71–113, doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7972-4_2, ISBN   978-1-4615-7974-8 , retrieved 2020-10-05
  4. Mark Marzinke, William Clarke (2020). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry. Elsevier Science. p. 146. ISBN   9780128158333.
  5. Gao, Yanhong; Li, Qun; Shi, Yu; Cha, Ruitao (2016-06-15). "Preparation and Application of Cationic Modified Cellulose Fibrils as a Papermaking Additive". International Journal of Polymer Science. 2016: 1–8. doi: 10.1155/2016/6978434 .
  6. "Cotton dyeing with indigo using alkaline pectinase and Fe(II) salt". Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research. 46 (1). 2021-05-17. doi: 10.56042/ijftr.v46i1.29839 . ISSN   0971-0426.
  7. Ru, Jidong; Qian, Xueren; Wang, Ying (2018-08-29). "Low-Salt or Salt-Free Dyeing of Cotton Fibers with Reactive Dyes using Liposomes as Dyeing/Level-Dyeing Promotors". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 13045. Bibcode:2018NatSR...813045R. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31501-7. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   6115468 . PMID   30158565.
  8. Nallathambi, Arivithamani; Venkateshwarapuram Rengaswami, Giri Dev (2017-10-15). "Industrial scale salt-free reactive dyeing of cationized cotton fabric with different reactive dye chemistry" . Carbohydrate Polymers. 174: 137–145. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.045. ISSN   0144-8617. PMID   28821052.
  9. Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan (2018). Sustainable Innovations in Textile Chemistry and Dyes. Singapore: Springer. p. 13. ISBN   9789811086007.