Center for Human Reproduction

Last updated
Center for Human Reproduction
AbbreviationCHR
Formation1981;43 years ago (1981)
Founder Norbert Gleicher
Founded at Chicago, United States
Location
Fields Reproductive medicine

The Center for Human Reproduction(CHR) is a fertility center located in New York City. It was founded by the obstetrician-gynecologist Norbert Gleicher in 1981. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

History

Creation and decade of 1980s

Norbert Gleicher, an obstetrician-gynecologist born in Kraków, moved to the United States to complete his fellowship in immunology in New York City and to develop his residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Chicago. After holding positions as assistant professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and division director of the division of Reproductive Immunology at the medical center, he founded the Center for Human Reproduction in Chicago in 1981, established as the first IVF center in the Midwest. [4] In 1983, the center performed the worlds's first trans-vaginal egg retrieval. Five years later a manuscript was published reporting the world's first trans-vaginal tubal catheterization to open occluded fallopian tubes. [1] [5]

1990s: New York City opening

With the growth of the center in Chicago, a new headquarters was opened in New York City. [3] In 1997, the center reached an agreement with Columbia University to staff CHR NY as university's IVF program. One year later, CHR NY opened at 635 Madison Avenue including in its staff the American physician Mark V. Sauer, who was then Head of the Reproductive Endocrinology Division at Columbia. [6] Sauer became the center's Medical Director and Dr. Andrea Vidali, also from Columbia University's division of reproductive endocrinology, was included in CHR's team of professionals. By the end of 1999, Gleicher was in charge of both centers in Chicago and New York City, splitting his time each week between the two cities. [1]

New millennium and present

In 2000, 21 E 69th Street location was purchased as the new site of CHR in New York City. [7] This location was opened on September 10, 2001, the night before the September 11 attacks. In 2003, Gleicher sold the Chicago operations to Reproductive Genetics Institute with a one-year transition period, and moved full-time back to New York City. That same year, David H. Barad, MD, MS, previously Head of Reproductive Endocrinology/IVF Division at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, joined the center as Clinical Director of Assisted Reproductive Technologies. [8] With the inclusion of Barad, the center's research focus on ovarian aging tightened. [9]

In 2005, CHR published the first manuscript on the use of DHEA supplementation for female fertility in Fertility & Sterility international journal. [10] CHR published in 2008 the first manuscript about the danger of preimplantation genetic screening after performing some analyses that proved the low effectiveness of this procedure in improving the chances of pregnancy in IVF. [11]

Around 2010, the center started a research collaboration with Dr. Aritro Sen's laboratory at the University of Rochester Medical Center. This collaboration resulted in several publications related to the crucial role androgen play in female fertility. [12] [13] Three years later, the center published the first report of IVF success rate manipulation, leading to CDC and SART to update report guidelines to close a loophole. [14] [15] In 2015, CHR established "What's My Fertility", an online risk screening tool for young women to detect risk of developing premature ovarian aging (POA) and associated infertility later in life. [16] [17]

In 2017, the center reported the oldest pregnancy and live birth in an almost 48-year-old woman, after an IVF procedure with her own eggs. [5] [18] In 2018 and 2019, the CHR website won the eHealthcare Leadership Award in Best Healthcare Content, in Medical Practice/Outpatient Facility category. [19] During the COVID-19 outbreak in New York City in 2020, the center remained open for urgent fertility treatments. [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polycystic ovary syndrome</span> Set of symptoms caused by abnormal hormones in females

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The syndrome is named after cysts which form on the ovaries of some people with this condition, though this is not a universal symptom, and not the underlying cause of the disorder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">In vitro fertilisation</span> Assisted reproductive technology procedure

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro. The process involves monitoring and stimulating a patient's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova from their ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After the fertilised egg (zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2–6 days, it is transferred by catheter into the uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.

Reproductive technology encompasses all current and anticipated uses of technology in human and animal reproduction, including assisted reproductive technology (ART), contraception and others. It is also termed Assisted Reproductive Technology, where it entails an array of appliances and procedures that enable the realization of safe, improved and healthier reproduction. While this is not true of all people, for an array of married couples, the ability to have children is vital. But through the technology, infertile couples have been provided with options that would allow them to conceive children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Müllerian hormone</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, whose key roles are in growth differentiation and folliculogenesis. In humans, it is encoded by the AMH gene, on chromosome 19p13.3, while its receptor is encoded by the AMHR2 gene on chromosome 12.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgeanna Seegar Jones</span> American gynecologist

Georgeanna Seegar Jones was an American reproductive endocrinologist who with her husband, Howard W. Jones, pioneered in vitro fertilization in the United States.

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also called premature ovarian insufficiency, premature menopause, and premature ovarian failure, is the partial or total loss of reproductive and hormonal function of the ovaries before age 40 because of follicular dysfunction or early loss of eggs. POI can be seen as part of a continuum of changes leading to menopause that differ from age-appropriate menopause in the age of onset, degree of symptoms, and sporadic return to normal ovarian function. POI affects approximately 1 in 10,000 women under age 20, 1 in 1,000 women under age 30, and 1 in 100 of those under age 40. A medical triad for the diagnosis is amenorrhea, hypergonadotropism, and hypoestrogenism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oocyte cryopreservation</span> Procedure to preserve a womans eggs (oocytes)

Oocyte cryopreservation is a procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes). This technique has been used to enable women to postpone pregnancy to a later date – whether for medical or social reasons. Several studies have shown that most infertility problems are due to germ cell deterioration related to aging. The procedure intends that the woman may choose to have the eggs thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos to facilitate a pregnancy in the future. The procedure's success rate varies depending on the age of the woman, with the odds being higher in younger, adult women.

Poor ovarian reserve is a condition of low fertility characterized by 1): low numbers of remaining oocytes in the ovaries or 2) possibly impaired preantral oocyte development or recruitment. Recent research suggests that premature ovarian aging and premature ovarian failure may represent a continuum of premature ovarian senescence. It is usually accompanied by high FSH levels.

Reproductive surgery is surgery in the field of reproductive medicine. It can be used for contraception, e.g. in vasectomy, wherein the vasa deferentia of a male are severed, but is also used plentifully in assisted reproductive technology. Reproductive surgery is generally divided into three categories: surgery for infertility, in vitro fertilization, and fertility preservation.

Ovarian drilling, also known as multiperforation or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy, is a surgical technique of puncturing the membranes surrounding the ovary with a laser beam or a surgical needle using minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures. It differs from ovarian wedge resection, which involves the cutting of tissue. Minimally invasive ovarian drilling procedures have replaced wedge resections. Ovarian drilling is preferred to wedge resection because cutting into the ovary can cause adhesions which may complicate postoperative outcomes. Ovarian drilling and ovarian wedge resection are treatment options to reduce the amount of androgen producing tissue in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the primary cause of anovulation, which results in female infertility. The induction of mono-ovulatory cycles can restore fertility.

Natural Cycle In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an assisted reproductive technique designed to closely mimic a woman's natural menstrual cycle. In traditional IVF, a woman's ovaries are stimulated with fertility medications to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and fertilized outside the body. A natural cycle IVF, on the other hand, works with the woman's natural hormonal fluctuations and ovulation cycle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fertility testing</span>

Fertility testing is the process by which fertility is assessed, both generally and also to find the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle. General health affects fertility, and STI testing is an important related field.

Partner-assisted reproduction, reception of oocytes from partner (ROPA), reciprocal IVF,shared motherhood, partner IVF or co-IVF is a method of family building that is used by couples who both possess female reproductive organs. The method uses in vitro fertilization (IVF), a method that means eggs are removed from the ovaries, fertilized in a laboratory, and then one or more of the resulting embryos are placed in the uterus to hopefully create a pregnancy. Reciprocal IVF differs from standard IVF in that two partners are involved: the eggs are taken from one partner, and the other partner carries the pregnancy. In this way, the process is mechanically identical to IVF with egg donation. Reciprocal IVF offers the highest chance for pregnancy and a lower chance of a multiple births.

Female fertility is affected by age and is a major fertility factor for women. A woman's fertility is in generally good quality from the late teens to early thirties, although it declines gradually over time. Around 35, fertility is noted to decline at a more rapid rate. While many sources suggest a more dramatic drop at around 35, this is unclear, since few studies have been conducted since the 19th century. One 2004 study of European women found fertility of the 27–34 and the 35–39 groups had only a four-percent difference. At age 45, a woman starting to try to conceive will have no live birth in 50–80 percent of cases. Menopause, or the cessation of menstrual periods, generally occurs in the 40s and 50s and marks the cessation of fertility, although age-related infertility can occur before then. The relationship between age and female fertility is sometimes referred to as a woman's "biological clock."

Peter C. Klatsky is a Doctor of Medicine specialized in reproductive endocrinology and infertility and an assistant professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Klatsky who is board certified in his specialty as well as in obstetrics and gynaecology, is also the Founder and CEO of Spring Fertility Management Llc, a San Francisco Bay Area fertility company. Klatsky is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual's ideal body weight. This is often described as a body mass index (BMI) over 30. However, BMI does not account for whether the excess weight is fat or muscle, and is not a measure of body composition. For most people, however, BMI is an indication used worldwide to estimate nutritional status. Obesity is usually the result of consuming more calories than the body needs and not expending that energy by doing exercise. There are genetic causes and hormonal disorders that cause people to gain significant amounts of weight but this is rare. People in the obese category are much more likely to suffer from fertility problems than people of normal healthy weight.

John Jin Zhang is a medical scientist who has made contributions in fertility research, and particularly in in vitro fertilization. He made headlines in September 2016 for successfully producing the world's first three-parent baby using the spindle transfer technique of mitochondrial replacement. Having obtained an M.D. from Zhejiang University School of Medicine, an M.Sc. from University of Birmingham, and a Ph.D. from University of Cambridge, he became the founder-director of New Hope Fertility Center in New York, USA.

Norbert Gleicher is an American obstetrician-gynecologist active in obstetrical practice, in vitro fertilization, reproductive endocrinology, and reproductive immunology. He is a fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (FACOG) and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and currently serves as president, medical director and chief scientist of the Center for Human Reproduction (CHR) in New York City, a clinical fertility center that he founded in 1981. Simultaneously, he is President of the Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, a not-for-profit research foundation. Gleicher maintains additional academic appointments at Rockefeller University, and Medical University of Vienna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT reproduction</span> Theoretical biological reproduction by LGBT people

LGBT reproduction refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people having biological children by means of assisted reproductive technology. It is distinct from LGBT parenting, which is a broader cultural phenomenon including LGBT adoption. In recent decades, developmental biologists have been researching and developing techniques to facilitate same-sex reproduction.

Baidyanath Chakrabarty was an Indian doctor and reproductive health specialist who was considered a pioneer of reproductive medicine in the country. He was the founder of the Institute of Reproductive Medicine, in Salt Lake, Kolkata, focused on assisted reproductive research. In a career spanning over seven decades, he had performed over 4,000 IVF procedures.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Boncompagni, Tatiana (2019-01-18). "How Norbert Gleicher, Fertility Expert, Spends His Sundays". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  2. ↑ "Nurture vs Nature: Epigenetics, IVF and the Donor Egg". Parentology. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  3. 1 2 "Fertility clinics struggle with a growing number of abandoned embryos". NBC News. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  4. ↑ "Norbert Gleicher, MD, FACOG, FACS". Endofound. 1969-12-31. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  5. 1 2 "Dr. Norbert Gleicher". New York Lifestyles Magazine. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  6. ↑ "Interviews - Dr. Mark Sauer". PBS. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  7. ↑ "Fertility Physicians in New York". Fertility Physicians Network. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  8. ↑ "Dr. David Barad, MD – New York, NY". Doximity. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  9. ↑ "Conversations at CHR: Study on PRP for Ovarian Rejuvenation". CHR. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  10. ↑ Barad, David H.; Gleicher, Norbert (2005-09-01). "Increased oocyte production after treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone". Fertility and Sterility. 84 (3): 756.e1–756.e3. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.049. ISSN   0015-0282. PMID   16169414.
  11. ↑ Gleicher, Norbert; Weghofer, Andrea; Barad, David (2008-03-18). "Preimplantation genetic screening: "established" and ready for prime time?". Fertility and Sterility. 89 (4): 780–788. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.072 . ISSN   1556-5653. PMID   18353323.
  12. ↑ Sen, A.; Prizant, H.; Light, A.; Biswas, A.; Hayes, E.; Lee, H. J.; Barad, D.; Gleicher, N.; Hammes, S. R. (2014-02-25). "Androgens regulate ovarian follicular development by increasing follicle stimulating hormone receptor and microRNA-125b expression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (8): 3008–3013. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.3008S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1318978111 . ISSN   1091-6490. PMC   3939860 . PMID   24516121.
  13. ↑ Prizant, Hen; Gleicher, Norbert; Sen, Aritro (2014-09-01). "Androgen actions in the ovary: balance is key". Journal of Endocrinology. 222 (3): R141–R151. doi: 10.1530/JOE-14-0296 . ISSN   0022-0795. PMID   25037707.
  14. ↑ Kushnir, Vitaly A.; Barad, David H.; Albertini, David F.; Darmon, Sarah K.; Gleicher, Norbert (2016-05-09). "Effect of Embryo Banking on U.S. National Assisted Reproductive Technology Live Birth Rates". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0154620. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1154620K. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154620 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   4861597 . PMID   27159215.
  15. ↑ "CDC-reported assisted reproductive technology live-birth rates may mislead the public". Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 35 (2): 161–164. 2017-05-23. ISSN   1472-6491. PMID   28578895.
  16. ↑ "What's My Fertility Releases the First Screening for Premature Ovarian Aging". PR Newswire. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  17. ↑ "This New Fertility Test Can Warn Women if They're Running Out of Eggs". Science Alert. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  18. ↑ "New York City Fertility Center Reports 2 Oldest IVF Pregnancies Ever Reported in Medical Literature with Use of Patients' Own Eggs". 24-7 Press Release Newswire. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  19. ↑ "Winners Best Healthcare Leadership Awards". eHealthcare Leadership Awards. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  20. ↑ "Is getting pregnant "medically necessary" right now?". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
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