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References
- 1 2 3 The Levantines and their legacy in the Ottoman newspaper press: A case study about William Nosworthy Churchill Dr Birten Çelik, Associate Professor of History, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- 1 2 3 Goodwin, Gordon (1887). . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 10. p. 306-307.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1008.
- ↑ Elisabeth Kendall (2002). "Between Politics and Literature: Journals in Alexandria and Istanbul at the End of the Nineteenth Century". In Leila Fawaz; C. A. Bayly; Robert Ilbert (eds.). Modernity and Culture. New York Chichester; West Sussex: Columbia University Press.
