Cerro Campana

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Cerro Campana
Cerro Campana en la cordillera al oeste del lago Viedma, Francisco Pascacio Moreno, 1902.jpg
Mount Campana in the Cordillera to the west of Lake Viedma, Francisco Pascacio Moreno, 1902. [1]
Highest point
Elevation 2,094 m (6,870 ft)
Geography
Tierra del Fuego location map.svg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Cerro Campana
Location in Southern Patagonia
Cerro Campana
LocationLocated in the disputed area between Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina and Flag of Chile.svg  Chile in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
Countries
Parent range Andes

Cerro Campana [2] [3] [4] [5] or Cerro Cristal [6] is a glaciated mountain in the Andes mountain range in Patagonia, located on the eastern edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, west of Lake Viedma, and south of the glacier of the same name within the disputed area between Chile and Argentina.

For Argentina, the mountain has been part of Los Glaciares National Park since 1937, in the Lago Argentino Department of Santa Cruz Province, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. For Chile, its western side has been part of Bernardo O'Higgins National Park since 1969, in the Natales commune of Última Esperanza Province in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region. Its height is 2,094 m (6,870 ft) above sea level, [7] and it is located near Cerro Divisadero, Cerro Mascarello and Cerro Moyano.

According to a study by the glaciologist Cedomir Marangunic, the original location understood by the expert Francisco Moreno in 1898 of the mountain is the same as cerro Cristal, being Agostini who misplaced it to the north in the Cerro Divisadero. Marangunic takes as reference a description of the mountain in Moreno's book called "Argentine-Chilean Border - Volume II". [6] [1]

History

Cerro Campana seen from the Moyano Valley. Cerro Campana en el valle Moyano.jpg
Cerro Campana seen from the Moyano Valley.

After the signing of the 1881 Treaty between Argentina and Chile, the boundary in the area was defined in 1898 by the boundary surveyors, Francisco Pascasio Moreno from Argentina and Diego Barros Arana from Chile. Huemul was declared a border landmark. The surveyors had no differences in the area between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Stokes, unlike other territories that were subject to arbitration in the 1902 arbitral award. The boundary was defined by the following mountain landmarks and their natural continuity: Mount Fitz Roy, Torre, Huemul, Campana, Agassiz, Heim, Mayo, and Stokes (nowadays Cervantes). [1] [6] [8] [9] Chile has defended it as a border landmark. [5]

In 1998, the "Agreement between the Republic of Chile and the Republic of Argentina to determine the boundary line from Mount Fitz Roy to Cerro Daudet" was signed, defining section A and a small part of section B, with the area between Fitz Roy and the Murallón still pending. [10]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Francisco Pascasio Moreno (1902). Frontera Argentino-Chilena - Volumen II. pp. 905–911.
  2. "Cerro Campana". Andes Handbook. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  3. "Cerro Campana". GeoNames. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  4. "Cerro Campana". Peak Visor.
  5. 1 2 Daniel Álvarez Soza (2021). "CAMPOS DE HIELO SUR. UNA CONTROVERSIA PENDIENTE DE LÍMITES ENTRE ARGENTINA Y CHILE". Universidad de La Serena. Archived from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 Ipinza Mayor, Juan Ignacio [in Spanish]; Marangunic Damanovic, Cedomir [in Spanish]; Murialdo Laport, Helios (2025). El límite internacional en Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur (in Spanish). p. 76. ISBN   978-956-4238-97-5. [The location of Cerro Campana was explicitly described in the Argentine Exhibition. The relevant paragraph, from page 961 of the English version of that document, is quoted here: "South of Mount Fitz Roy, the high mountains continue, and the ice fields reach the level of the lake. Peaks of 3,170 meters (10,400 feet), 3,000 meters (9,843 feet), 2,970 meters (9,744 feet), Mount Huemul, 2,670 meters (8,760 feet), and 2,640 meters (8,662 feet) rise near a vast glacier, part of which has been depicted advancing toward the lake. These mountains correspond to No. 305 on the Argentine line. Mount Campana, to the south, is 2,570 meters high, and Mount Norte—the highest peak in the foothills—reaches 2,950 meters, separating the Viedma Lake basin from that of Lake Argentino. Between Mount Campana and Mount Norte, the depression that has been mentioned several times between the Cordillera and the foothills is visible. (emphasis added). That same document contains a photo of Mount Campana on page 942 (Fig. 9.9A) which, according to our calculations, was taken from a point located at the geographical coordinates of ~49º42'07“ S and 73º02'53” W and at an elevation of about 270 meters above sea level (Fig. 9.8). The summit shown in the photo is actually a secondary summit that hides the true summit of the mountain, which is located about 1.9 kilometers further west, at the approximate coordinates of 49º42'42.6“ S and 73º10'56.9” W. The summit of Mount Campana is approximately 2,095 meters high. Unfortunately, on map XI of the Argentine Exhibition, the position of Cerro Campana is shifted about 7 km to the northwest (Fig. 9.10), which contradicts the description in the text. The text explains that between Cerro Campana and Cerro Norte there is a depression that separates the foothills from the mountain range, which obviously does not fulfill that role given the position assigned to Cerro Campana on the map (Figs. 9.8 and 9.10). On the other hand, the famous mountaineer of the early 20th century, Father Alberto de Agostini, photographed Cerro Campana (Fig. 9.11) from practically the same place from which the photograph appearing in the Argentine Exhibition was taken and, probably influenced by map XI of the Exhibition, located it about 10 km NNW of its actual location (compare figures 9.9A with Fig. 9.11A). Therefore, believing that the hill before his eyes was an undescribed peak, he named it Cerro Moyano and the valley from which he photographed it, Valle Moyano. Finally, the location of Cerro Campana is not trivial, since the glacial divide (similar to the watershed) that one wants to draw to the south, from the actual location of the hill, does indeed run south; but from the erroneous location, north of the actual one, that line runs west. French glaciologist Louis Lliboutry, who did not visit the area, named Cerro Campana as Cerro Divisadero and, perhaps influenced by De Agostini's diagram (Fig. 9.11B), located it just over 6 km NNE of the real Campana. Finally, on the Mapcarta geodetic server, the real Cerro Campana (the one in Figure 9.8) is called Monte Cristal.]
  7. Prof. Reinaldo Börgel (1995). "Delimitation in the Southern Ice Field". Revista de Geografía Norte Grande. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  8. Arbitraje de Limites entre Chile i la Republica Arjentina - Esposicion Chilena - Tomo IV. Paris. 1902. pp. 1469–1484.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. Diego Barros Arana (1898). La Cuestion de Limites entre Chile i la Republica Arjentina. Santiago de Chile.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. "Acuerdo entre la República de Chile y la República Argentina para precisar el recorrido del límite desde el Monte Fitz-Roy hasta el Cerro Daudet". December 1998.

49°42′42″S73°10′56″W / 49.71167°S 73.18222°W / -49.71167; -73.18222