Chimera (paleontology)

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In paleontology, a chimera is a fossil that was reconstructed with elements coming from more than a single species or genus of animal. In other words, they are mistakes or sometimes hoaxes made by paleontologists, putting together parts that do not come from the same organism.

List of paleontological chimeras

References

  1. ↑ Mayell, Hillary (20 November 2002). "Dino Hoax Was Mainly Made of Ancient Bird, Study Says". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  2. ↑ Rowe, Timothy; Ketcham, Richard A.; Denison, Cambria; Colbert, Matthew; Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip J. (March 2001). "The Archaeoraptor forgery" . Nature. 410 (6828): 539–540. doi:10.1038/35069145. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   11279483. S2CID   205015615.
  3. ↑ P. M. Galton. 1998. Saurischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of England: Camelotia (Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) and Avalonianus (Theropoda, ?Carnosauria). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 250(4–6):155–172
  4. ↑ Słowiak, Justyna; Brusatte, Stephen L; Szczygielski, Tomasz (16 February 2024). "Reassessment of the enigmatic Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur, Bagaraatan ostromi". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 202 (3). doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad169. ISSN   0024-4082.
  5. ↑ DePalma, Robert A.; Burnham, David A.; Martin, Larry D.; Larson, Peter L.; Bakker, Robert T. (2 December 2016). "Corrigendum to: The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation". Paleontological Contributions. doi: 10.17161/1808.22120 . hdl: 1808/22120 . S2CID   90672743.
  6. ↑ Arbour, V.M.; Zanno, L.E.; Larson, D.W.; Evans, D.C.; Sues, H. (2015). "The furculae of the dromaeosaurid dinosaur Dakotaraptor steini are trionychid turtle entoplastra". PeerJ. 3 e1691: e1957. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1691 . PMC   4756751 . PMID   26893972.
  7. ↑ O'Connor, Sun, Xu, Wang and Zhou (2012). "A new species of Jeholornis with complete caudal integument." Historical Biology, 24(1): 29–41.
  8. ↑ Matthew Martyniuk (10 August 2012). "DinoGoss: The Strange Bird Dalianraptor cuhe". Dinogoss.blogspot.com.au. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  9. ↑ Aria, Cédric; Zhao, Fangchen; Zeng, Han; Guo, Jin; Zhu, Maoyan (8 January 2020). "Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 4. Bibcode:2020BMCEE..20....4A. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1560-7 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   6950928 . PMID   31914921.
  10. ↑ Chakravarti, D. K., 1935, "Is Lametasaurus indicus an armored dinosaur?", American Journal of Science 30(5): 138–141
  11. ↑ Hone, David W. E.; Jiang, Shunxing; Fitch, Adam J.; Xu, Yizhi; Xu, Xing (2024). "A reassessment on Luchibang xingzhe: A still valid istiodactylid pterosaur within a chimera". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (2). a41. doi: 10.26879/1359 .
  12. ↑ Blows, W.T. (1995). "The Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaurs Ornithopsis and Eucamerotus from the Isle of Wight, England". Palaeontology. 38 (1): 187–197.
  13. ↑ Webb, Jonathan (10 August 2016). "Piltdown review points decisive finger at forger Dawson". BBC. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  14. ↑ Nopcsa, F. (1928), "Palaeontological notes on reptiles." Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, tomus, 1, -Pasc. 1, p. 1–84
  15. ↑ Harrison, C. J. O.; Walker, C. A. (1977). "Birds of the British Lower Eocene". Tertiary Research, Special Paper. 3: 1–52.
  16. ↑ Wagner, Jonathan R. (18 Oct 1997). "Re: Protoavis?". Dinosaur (Mailing list). Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  17. ↑ Currie, Philip J.; Zhao, Xi-Jin (1 October 1993). "A new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta" . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30 (10): 2231–2247. Bibcode:1993CaJES..30.2231C. doi:10.1139/e93-194. ISSN   0008-4077.
  18. ↑ Danison, Andrew; Wedel, Mathew; Barta, Daniel; Woodward, Holly; Flora, Holley; Lee, Andrew; Snively, Eric (21 December 2024). "Chimerism in specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 12. doi: 10.18435/vamp29404 . ISSN   2292-1389.
  19. ↑ Brownstein, Chase D. (1 May 2018). "A tyrannosauroid tibia from the Navesink Formation of New Jersey and its biogeographic and evolutionary implications for North American tyrannosauroids" . Cretaceous Research. 85: 309–318. Bibcode:2018CrRes..85..309B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.01.005. ISSN   0195-6671.
  20. ↑ Megan R. Woolley; Anusuya Chinsamy; Michael W. Caldwell (2022). "Unraveling the taxonomy of the South African mosasaurids". Frontiers in Earth Science . 10: 971968. Bibcode:2022FrEaS..10.1968W. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.971968 . S2CID   254565690.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  21. ↑ Curtice, B., Stadtman, K., and Curtice, L. (1996) "A re-assessment of Ultrasauros macintoshi(Jensen, 1985)." Pp. 87–95 in M. Morales (ed.), The Continental Jurassic: Transactions of the Continental Jurassic Symposium, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin number 60.
  22. ↑ Sharpe, Henry S.; Powers, Mark J.; Caldwell, Michael W. (16 December 2024). "Reassessment of Xenodens calminechari with a discussion of tooth morphology in mosasaurs". The Anatomical Record . doi: 10.1002/ar.25612 . ISSN   1932-8486. PMC   12239698 . PMID   39682068.
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