China Chengxin Credit Rating Group (known as China Chengxin, or CCXI) was founded in Beijing on 8 October 1992 through the incorporation of China Chengxin Credit Management Co Ltd (renamed as China Chengxin Credit Management Co. Ltd. in 2002),[1] which is the first nationwide credit rating company of China.[3] Subsequently, it formed subsidiaries and established branches across China, including China Chengxin International Credit Rating Company Limited (the joint venture credit rating company among China Chengxin Securities Rating Company Limited, Fitch Ratings and International Finance Corporation established in 1999).[4] The share-holder structure of the joint venture company was changed in 2006 when Moody's came in to take over the equity positions of Fitch and the supranational institution.[5] The company is one of the few major credit rating agencies currently operating in China.[6]
China Chengxin Credit Management Co. Ltd. went to Hong Kong to set up its subsidiary, China Chengxin (Asia Pacific) Credit Ratings Company Limited, which received the Type Ten License from Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission on 28 June 2012 and was an internationalization attempt after Dagong Global's expansion into the United States in 2020.[7][8]
China Chengxin Credit Rating Group has branches and subsidiaries operating in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Fujian, Wuhan, Shandong, Liaoning, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Shaanxi.[9]
History
1992–1999: Founding period
In 1992, encouraged by the talks of the then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping during his tour to the southern China, MAO Zhenhua, like many young people of China, started his private venture to form a credit rating company.[10] Upon the approval given by People's Bank of China, MAO was successful in establishing the first Chinese credit rating company, China Chengxin Securities Credit Rating Company Limited under the Chinese corporation rules and regulations.[1]
The company worked out the first set of credit rating system and methodology in China, which was assessed and accredited by the group of experts from the Finance and Economic Committee and Law Committee under the People's Congress, People's Bank of China, National Planning Commission, banks and securities house. [citation needed]
1999–2005 Take-off period
As the Chinese capital markets had just started growing, IFC, an agencies of World Bank Group, made efforts to help the Chinese capital markets to develop, including the establishment of an effective and efficient credit rating industry. After several years’ endeavour, this supranational institution succeeded in pulling together China Chengxin Securities Credit Rating Company, Fitch IBCA (now Fitch Ratings) and itself to form China's first credit rating joint venture company, China Chengxin International Credit Rating Company Limited in August 1999.[4]
2006–2011 Advancing period
The Chinese capital markets were further reformed in 2005, leading to the fast development of the debt market. Moody's moved in to buy up to the regulatory cap of 49% share of China Chengxin International Credit Rating Company Limited from the local share-holders in September 2006. Moody's added additional management and technical support on rating methodologies and training of analysts to the joint venture company.[11]
China Chengxin Securities Credit Rating Company Limited was renamed as China Chengxin Credit Management Company Limited to turn it into a holding company of all subsidiaries and branches formed or to be formed. Subsequently, China Chengxin Credit Rating Management Company Limited has subsidiaries and branches providing credit rating services in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Fujian, Wuhan, Shandong, Liaoning, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanxi.
Owing to its first comer status and expertise acquired from the two international credit rating agencies, respectively. The China Chengxin Credit Rating Group can always capture the largest overall market share in the domestic market.[citation needed]
2012– Going out
Following the trend of internationalization of the Chinese currency, China Chengxin Credit Management Company Limited established its subsidiary in Hong Kong, China Chengxin (Asia Pacific) Credit Ratings Company Limited, which received the Type Ten License from Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission on 28 June 2012, thus became the first Chinese credit rating company going out of the Chinese mainland to do credit rating business in the international capital markets.[12]
China Chengxin (Asia Pacific)
On 28 June 2012, China Chengxin (Asia Pacific) Credit Ratings Company Limited (“CCXAP”) was successful in applying for the type ten operating licence from Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, thus, became the first licensed Chinese credit rating agency to operate in the international credit rating market.
Suspension of License in China
On 29 December 2020, CCXI was suspended by NAFMII, [13]a Chinese interbank market regulator, for three months out of a high-profile bond default case of Yongcheng Coal & Electricity Holding Group. The Chinese regulator discovered that China Chengxin had failed to properly conduct on-site due diligence on Yongcheng or adequately disclose risks, and urged the rating agency to take corrective steps.
During the suspension, CCXI is not allowed to conduct new rating business for debt financing instruments.
In 2024, CCXI is allegedly under an on-going investigation by China Securities Regulatory Commission amongst financial intermediaries who provided financial services to Evergrande Group. According to public information, CCXI assigned "AAA" ratings to five bonds issued by Evergrande since 2020. [14][15][16]
Ultimate Owner of CCXI
According to Wuhan University's alumni page,[17] Mao Zhenhua was born in 1964 in Shishou, Hubei. He received his bachelor degree from economics department of School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University in 1983. He was awarded the doctoral degree in economics from Wuhan University in 1996.
Allegedly, in the early age of Mao's business career, he had been detained and subject to official investigation for 8 months.[18]
2012 SFC Type 10: Providing credit rating services[23]
Sovereign credit rating
After rating agency Dagong Global Credit Rating first to issue sovereign ratings in 2010, CCXI as the second rating agency in China released its sovereign credit rating report for 30 countries in July 2012, as follows:.[24]
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