Chinese Engineering and Mining Company

Last updated

The Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, Limited, was established with foreign capital around 1879 to mine coal for the steamships of the Chinese Merchants' Steam Navigation Company and the Imperial Chinese Navy. English mining engineer Robert Reginald Burnett, MICE, directed the first shaft at Kaiping near Tangshan, Hebei Province, in 1879. The tram line between the mine and its canal to the Hai He eventually developed into the Imperial Railway of North China and the modern Jingha Railway, the civil engineering partnership Sir John Wolfe-Barry and Lt Col Arthur John Barry being appointed Joint Consulting Engineers to the Company at the end of the nineteenth century. [1]

Contents

At various times there were organized riots against the railway; in one instance, thousands of dollars worth of damage was done to mining equipment at the Tongshan colliery when a violent feud erupted between Cantonese and northern Chinese workers. [2]

The company was formally chartered in 1900 and then reformed in 1912 as a public company listed in London. Together with the Lanchow Mining Company, it formed the Kailuan Mining Administration to oversee its coal mines, which were producing about 4.5 million tons annually during the 1920s. The company's activities were completely halted by the victory of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War and it was finally dissolved in 1984.

Its records between 1900 and 1951 are stored at the London Metropolitan Archives. [3]

The rest of the company became the Kailuan Group at Tangshan, which is one of the largest coal mining companies in Mainland China.

See also

Related Research Articles

Narrow-gauge railway Railway line with a gauge less than the standard of 1435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

A narrow-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard 1,435 mm. Most narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm and 1,067 mm.

Tangshan Prefecture-level city in Hebei, Peoples Republic of China

Tangshan is a coastal, industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province. It is located in the eastern part of Hebei Province and the northeastern part of the North China Plain. It is located in the central area of the Bohai Rim and serves as the main traffic corridor to the Northeast. The city faces the Bohai Sea in the south, the Yan Mountains in the north, Qinhuangdao across the Luan River to the east, and Tianjin to the west.

North China University of Science and Technology is a university in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China. North China University of Science and Technology is one of the ten key universities of Hebei Province, China. It is a comprehensive university taking engineering and medicine as the backbone and pursuing a harmonious development of engineering, medicine, sciences, economics, management, law and humanities. Education programs are provided for masters, bachelors, international students and adult students.

1976 Tangshan earthquake Earthquake that occurred in 1976 in Tangshan, Hebei, China

The 1976 Tangshan earthquake, also known as the Great Tangshan earthquake, was a natural disaster resulting from a magnitude 7.6 earthquake that hit the region around Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China on 28 July 1976, at 3:42 in the morning. The maximum intensity of the earthquake was XI (catastrophe) on the Mercali scale. In minutes, eighty-five percent of the buildings in Tangshan collapsed or were unusable, all services failed, and most of the highway and railway bridges collapsed or were seriously damaged. At least 242,000 people died, making this the third deadliest earthquake in recorded history. The lack of warning and foreshocks, in contrast to the earlier 1975 Haicheng earthquake, was a principal factor in the large number of casualties.

Zhan Tianyou

Zhan Tianyou/Chan T'ien-yu, or Jeme Tien-Yow as he called himself in English, based on the Cantonese pronunciation, was a pioneering Chinese railroad engineer. Educated in the United States, he was the chief engineer responsible for construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway, the first railway constructed in China without foreign assistance. For his contributions to railroad engineering in China, Zhan is known as the "Father of China's Railroad".

Beijing–Harbin railway

The Beijing–Harbin railway, named the Jingha Railway, is the railway that connects Beijing with Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It spans 1,249 km (776 mi). It is a very prominent route in the provinces of northeastern China.

Southwest Jiaotong University

Southwest Jiaotong University is located in national central city Chengdu, Sichuan Province, affiliated to the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. It's a national key university co-built by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Railway Corporation, Sichuan Province and Chengdu City.

Tong King-sing

Tong King-sing, also known as Tang Tingshu, was a Chinese comprador, interpreter, and businessman during the late Qing dynasty. Born in Xiangshan, Guangdong province, he studied in Robert Morrison's missionary schools as a boy and his classmates included Yung Wing. Because of the knowledge of English he obtained employment in the Hong Kong colonial government between 1851–57 and 1857–61, he served the Chinese Maritime Customs Service as interpreter and chief secretary. In 1861, he joined the Jardine Matheson Company, initially as a travelling salesman, visiting the various Yangtze River ports. In 1863 he was promoted and appointed Jardine Mathesion's Compradore in Shanghai. He was so successful in developing the company's trade he was soon made Chief Compradore responsible for all the comapany's compradores in other Chinese ports. Tong authored the work The Chinese Instructor, a six-volume series of dialogues, published in 1862.

The history of rail transport in China began in the late nineteenth century during the Qing Dynasty. Since then, it has become one of the largest rail networks in the world.

Narrow-gauge railways in China

The gauge for the most of the China national railway network is standard gauge. Currently, in the national railway network, only the 1,000 mmmetre gauge Kunming–Hai Phong Railway uses narrow gauge. In addition, there are some industrial lines still using narrow gauge, mostly 2 ft 6 in narrow gauge or 600 mm narrow gauge. As of 2003, 600+ km narrow-gauge railways, 50000+ km standard gauge railways, and 9.4 km broad gauge railways were in use in mainland China.

Treffry Tramways

The Treffry Tramways were a group of mineral tramways in Cornwall in the United Kingdom, constructed by Joseph Treffry (1782-1850), a local land owner and entrepreneur. They were constructed to give transport facilities to several mines and pits producing non-ferrous metal, granite and china clay in the area between the Luxulyan Valley and Newquay, and were horse-operated, with the use of water and steam power on inclines, and at first operated in conjunction with the Par Canal and Par Docks, also constructed by Treffry. One of the routes crossed the Luxulyan Valley on a large viaduct, the largest in Cornwall when it was built.

Often described as China's first railway, the first 1,435 mmstandard gauge railway to be built and survive in China was the Kaiping (開平) colliery tramway located at Tongshan in Hebei province. However, this was not the first railway in China. An earlier attempt to introduce railways had been made in 1876 when the short Shanghai to Wusong narrow gauge line known as the "Woosung Road Company" was built but then pulled up within less than two years because of Chinese government opposition.

Claude W. Kinder

Claude William Kinder, was an English engineer. For over thirty years he was engineer-in-chief of the Kaiping Tramway and Imperial Railways of North China.

Mine railway

A mine railway, sometimes pit railway, is a railway constructed to carry materials and workers in and out of a mine. Materials transported typically include ore, coal and overburden. It is little remembered, but the mix of heavy and bulky materials which had to be hauled into and out of mines gave rise to the first several generations of railways, at first made of wooden rails, but eventually adding protective iron, steam locomotion by fixed engines and the earliest commercial steam locomotives, all in and around the works around mines.

Xugezhuang is a former village and modern town of Fengnan District in Hebei, China.

Lieutenant Colonel Arthur John Barry (1859-1943) was an English civil engineer and architect of the late 19th and early 20th century.

Portreath Tramroad

The Portreath Tramroad, or alternatively the Portreath Tramway was opened in 1815, providing a wagonway route from mines near Scorrier in Cornwall, England, to a port at Portreath. From there, it could be transported to market by coastal shipping. It was later extended to serve the Poldice mine near St Day, and became known as the Poldice Tramroad, or Poldice Tramway.

The Kaiping Mines was one of the first modern mining companies in Zhili, China. It was founded by Li Hongzhang and production began in 1881. During this period of the mines (1881-1912) at times the annual coal production reached 1,400,000 tons. One of the principals was Zhou Xuexi and the chief engineer was Herbert Hoover.

Rocket of China is a Chinese historical comedy set in nineteenth century China based on the true story of the history of the construction of Rocket of China, the first steam locomotive made in China, with the help of an English engineer Claude W. Kinder who in 1878 travelled to Qing Dynasty China in the hope of building the first railway through China. The 30 episode comedy was directed by Ying Da and written by Man Yu. Appearing in the comedy are Cao Yun Jin, Jiang Chao, Liu Jin Shan, Ma Ling, Yu Hui Zi, Li Jian Hua, Li Qi, Na Wei, Liu Ya Jin, Yan Guan, Qi Xiao Fei, Isabella Charlton, Karl Robert Eislen, Jonathan Kos-Read and among others. It was produced by Xui Ji Wei in the Production Company of Long Teng Yi Du (Beijing) Film Investment Co., Ltd. The comedy was first aired on Shenzhen Media Group Public Channel on 1 February 2016.

Xiao Han was a Chinese politician and energy industry executive. He served as Minister of Coal Industry (1977–1980), Vice Director of the State Economic and Trade Commission, and Chairman of China Huaneng Group. He helped found the state-owned coal company Shenhua Group in 1995 and served as its first Chairman until his retirement in 1998.

References

  1. Frederick Arthur Crisp Visitation of England and Wales, Volume 14, London (1906)
  2. Extracts from the personal diary of William Bulmer, 1881-1884 (who was employed by CE&MC at Tangshan as a boiler maker) from “ P. A. Crush Chinese Railway Collection”, Hong Kong Railway Society
  3. AIM25. "Chinese Engineering and Mining Company Limited". Accessed 13 Oct 2011.

Further reading

Crush, Peter (2013) “Imperial Railways of North China” – “关内外铁路” 皮特•柯睿思 著. Bilingual in English and Simplified Chinese. Xinhua Publishing House, Beijing ISBN   978-7-5166-0564-6. (Description on line) (Link downloaded 11/19/2013). The first few chapters of this book describe in detail the creation of the first coal mine at Tangshan in China which used imported Western technology. It continues to explain how the first coal mine tramway, owned by the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, progressively developed into China's first standard gauge railway line serving Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Shanhaiguan and Shenyang.