| Chocal Formation Stratigraphic range: Artinskian-Kungurian | |
|---|---|
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Santa Rosa Group |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 15°24′N91°30′W / 15.4°N 91.5°W Coordinates: 15°24′N91°30′W / 15.4°N 91.5°W |
| Region | Huehuetenango |
| Country |  Guatemala |
| Extent | Sierra de los Cuchumatanes |
  Chocal Formation (Guatemala) | |
The Chocal Formation is a geologic formation in Guatemala. The limestone formation preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period. [1]
The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia.
The Permian Basin is a large sedimentary basin in the southwestern part of the United States. The basin contains the Mid-Continent Oil Field province. This sedimentary basin is located in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. It reaches from just south of Lubbock, past Midland and Odessa, south nearly to the Rio Grande River in southern West Central Texas, and extending westward into the southeastern part of New Mexico. It is so named because it has one of the world's thickest deposits of rocks from the Permian geologic period. The greater Permian Basin comprises several component basins; of these, the Midland Basin is the largest, Delaware Basin is the second largest, and Marfa Basin is the smallest. The Permian Basin covers more than 86,000 square miles (220,000 km2), and extends across an area approximately 250 miles (400 km) wide and 300 miles (480 km) long.
The Lopingian is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian. It is the last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.
In the geologic timescale, the Olenekian is an age in the Early Triassic epoch; in chronostratigraphy, it is a stage in the Lower Triassic series. It spans the time between 251.2 Ma and 247.2 Ma. The Olenekian is sometimes divided into the Smithian and the Spathian subages or substages. The Olenekian follows the Induan and is followed by the Anisian.
The Induan is the first age of the Early Triassic epoch in the geologic timescale, or the lowest stage of the Lower Triassic series in chronostratigraphy. It spans the time between 251.902 Ma and 251.2 Ma. The Induan is sometimes divided into the Griesbachian and the Dienerian subages or substages. The Induan is preceded by the Changhsingian and is followed by the Olenekian.
The Kaibab Limestone is a resistant cliff-forming, Permian geologic formation that crops out across the U.S. states of northern Arizona, southern Utah, east central Nevada and southeast California. It is also known as the Kaibab Formation in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. The Kaibab Limestone forms the rim of the Grand Canyon. In the Big Maria Mountains, California, the Kaibab Limestone is highly metamorphosed and known as the Kaibab Marble.
The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. It is composed of a lower Adelaide Subgroup and an upper Tarkastad Subgroup. It follows conformably after the Ecca Group and unconformably underlies the Stormberg Group. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations, palynological analyses, and other means of geological dating, the Beaufort Group rocks are considered to range between Middle Permian (Wordian) to Early Triassic (Anisian) in age.
The Belloy Formation is a stratigraphical unit of Permian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.
The Phosphoria Formation of the western United States is a geological formation of Early Permian age. It represents some 15 million years of sedimentation, reaches a thickness of 420 metres (1,380 ft) and covers an area of 350,000 square kilometres (140,000 sq mi).
The Abrahamskraal Formation is a geological formation and is found in numerous localities in the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It is the lowermost formation of the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a major geological group that forms part of the greater Karoo Supergroup. It represents the first fully terrestrial geological deposits of the Karoo Basin. Outcrops of the Abrahamskraal Formation are found from the small town Middelpos in its westernmost localities, then around Sutherland, the Moordenaarskaroo north of Laingsburg, Williston, Fraserburg, Leeu-Gamka, Loxton, and Victoria West in the Western Cape and Northern Cape. In the Eastern Cape outcrops are known from Rietbron, north of Klipplaat and Grahamstown, and also southwest of East London.
Protocaptorhinus is an extinct genus of Early Permian captorhinid reptile known from Texas of the United States. It is known from the holotype MCZ 1478, a three-dimensionally preserved partial skull. It was collected in the Rattlesnake Canyon site from the Petrolia Formation. It was first named by Clark and Carroll in 1973 and the type species is Protocaptorhinus pricei. The generic name means "first Captorhinus" and the specific name honours Llewellyn Ivor Price.
Baeotherates is an extinct genus of Early Permian captorhinid reptile known from Oklahoma, United States.
The Monongahela Formation is a geologic formation in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Maryland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous and Permian periods.
The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation in West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
The Arroyo Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Kungurian stage of the Permian period. It is the lower-most portion of the Clear Fork Group, part of a series of fossiliferous Permian strata in the south-central United States known as the red beds.
The Yeso Group is a group of geologic formations in New Mexico. It contains fossils characteristic of the Kungurian Age of the early Permian Period.
The Santa Rosa Group is a geologic group in Belize and Guatemala. It contains the Chochal Formation. The marine lithified, black, calcareous shales preserve fossils dating back to the Pennsylvanian to Kungurian stages of the Carboniferous and Permian periods.
The Gnishik Formation is a geologic formation in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. It preserves fossils dating back to the Wordian stage of the Permian period.
The Balfour Formation is a geological formation that is found in the Beaufort Group, a major geological group that forms part of the greater Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. The Balfour Formation is the uppermost formation of the Adelaide Subgroup which contains all the Late Permian-aged biozones of the Beaufort Group. Outcrops and exposures of the Balfour Formation are found from east of 24 degrees in the highest mountainous escarpments between Beaufort West and Fraserburg, but most notably in the Winterberg and Sneeuberg mountain ranges near Cradock, the Baviaanskloof river valley, Graaff-Reniet and Nieu Bethesda in the Eastern Cape, and in the southern Free State province.
The Glorieta Sandstone is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils characteristic of the Kungurian age of the Permian geology.
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