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The Christian Defense League was founded as a white supremacist activist organization in California, and it later moved to Louisiana. According to the Anti-Defamation League, it also had a paramilitary function. [1] [2]
The initial history of the organization is unclear due to contradictory accounts. According to Bertrand Comparet and Richard Girnt Butler, they founded the organization, with Butler being its national director from 1962–1965. [3] : 153 However, William Potter Gale claimed that he had founded the CDL along with San Jacinto Capt sometime between 1957 and 1962, later bringing in Butler and Comparet. [4] : 67
An introductory mailing for the Christian Defense League lead with the following
The NAACP represents the negro, the ADL represents the Jews; who represents you--the white Christian? [5] : 66 [6] : 6
Following the death of Wesley Swift, Butler took over as the head of Church of Jesus Christ–Christian and moved it to Idaho, leaving the leadership of the CDL to James K. Warner. Warner had previous associations with the National Socialist White People's Party, as well as Odinism. When he moved to Los Angeles, he initially associated with neo-Nazi groups, but he ultimately converted to Christian Identity. [4] : 68 Under Warner, the CDL moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana where it merged with the New Christian Crusade Church. [7] This is where most of its paramilitary activity occurred. [4] : 67
The CDL briefly received national attention in 1978 when it demanded NBC cancel the miniseries Holocaust. Warner threatened picketing and litigation and called the series "Zionist propaganda", claiming that NBC was run by "Zionist Jews". [8] This demand was ignored and the group then demanded "equal time" in the form of 3 hours of prime-time views to present their revisionist history of WWII, which NBC also ignored.[ citation needed ]
Aryan Nations is a North American antisemitic, neo-Nazi and white supremacist hate group that was originally based in Kootenai County, Idaho, about 2+3⁄4 miles (4.4 km) north of the city of Hayden Lake. Richard Girnt Butler founded Aryan Nations in the 1970s.
Christian Identity is an interpretation of Christianity which advocates the belief that only Celtic and Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxon, Nordic nations, or people of the Aryan race and people of kindred blood, are the descendants of the ancient Israelites and are therefore God's "chosen people". It is a racial interpretation of Christianity and is not an organized religion, nor is it affiliated with specific Christian denominations. It emerged from British Israelism in the 1920s and began to take shape during the 1940s-1970s. Today it is independently practiced by individuals, independent congregations, and some prison gangs.
The Zionist occupation government, Zionist occupational government or Zionist-occupied government (ZOG), sometimes also called the Jewish occupational government (JOG), is an antisemitic conspiracy theory claiming that Jews secretly control the governments of Western states. It is a contemporary variation on the centuries-old belief in an international Jewish conspiracy. According to believers, a secret Zionist organization actively controls international banks, and through them governments, to conspire against white, Christian, or Islamic interests.
The Church of Jesus Christ–Christian is an American Christian Identity, white supremacist church, which was founded in 1946 by Ku Klux Klan organizer Wesley A. Swift in Lancaster, California. Swift was the son of a Methodist Episcopal Church, South minister and is considered a significant figure in the early years of the Christian Identity movement in the United States. Swift's work and copyrights are carried on by Kingdom Identity Ministries.
David Ernest Duke is an American politician, white supremacist, conspiracy theorist, and former grand wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. From 1989 to 1992, he was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the Republican Party. His politics and writings are largely devoted to promoting conspiracy theories about Jews, such as Holocaust denial and Jewish control of academia, the press, and the financial system. In 2013, the Anti-Defamation League called Duke "perhaps America's most well-known racist and anti-Semite".
Richard Girnt Butler was an American engineer, revolutionary, and white separatist. After dedicating himself to the Christian Identity movement, a racialist offshoot of British Israelism, Butler founded the National Socialist Aryan Nations and would become the "spiritual godfather" to the white separatist movement, in which he was a leading figure. He has been described as a "notorious racist".
American Renaissance is a white supremacist website and former monthly magazine publication founded and edited by Jared Taylor. It is published by the New Century Foundation.
Milton Alexander Linder is an American white supremacist. He is the founder and editor of the Vanguard News Network (VNN), an antisemitic and white supremacist website and forum described by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) as "one of the most active white supremacist sites on the Internet."
Christian Nationalist Crusade was an American political advocacy organization founded by Gerald L. K. Smith in 1947. It nominated Smith for President in 1948 and Douglas MacArthur in 1952.
Wesley A. Swift was a minister from Southern California who was known for his white supremacist views and was a central figure in the Christian Identity movement from the 1940s until his death in 1970.
The Church of Israel is a denomination that emerged from the Church of Christ in the Latter Day Saint movement. The denomination is noted for explicit white supremacist beliefs similar to the Christian Identity movement.
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, is a New York–based international non-governmental organization that was founded to combat antisemitism, bigotry and discrimination.
The International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network (IJAN) is a network of anti-Zionist Jews pledged to "Oppose Zionism and the State of Israel".
Dewey H. "Buddy" Tucker is an American minister from Dandridge, Tennessee, and former pastor of the "Temple Memorial Baptist Church" in Knoxville, Tennessee. He is a white nationalist, anti-Semitic, former Baptist and founder of the now defunct group "National Emancipation of our White Seed".
William Potter Gale was an American political activist who was involved with several white supremacist groups, including Christian Identity and the Posse Comitatus. He had connections to the Church of Jesus Christ–Christian, Aryan Nations, the sovereign citizen movement, and the militia movement.
Zionist antisemitism or antisemitic Zionism refers to a phenomenon in which antisemites express support for Zionism and the State of Israel. In some cases, this support may be promoted for explicitly antisemitic reasons. Historically, this type of antisemitism has been most notable among Christian Zionists, who may perpetrate religious antisemitism while being outspoken in their support for Jewish sovereignty in Israel due to their interpretation of Christian eschatology. Similarly, people who identify with the political far-right, particularly in Europe and the United States, may support the Zionist movement because they seek to expel Jews from their country and see Zionism as the least complicated method of achieving this goal and satisfying their racial antisemitism.
Bertrand Lewis Comparet (c1900-1983) was an influential figure in the development of the Christian Identity movement.
San Jacinto Capt was an influential figure in the formation of Christian Identity. He was a former klansman, pyramidologist, and an advocate of Anglo-Israelism.
James K. Warner was an early recruit to George Lincoln Rockwell's American Nazi Party (ANP) as part of the core of the party and national secretary. He later became involved with the National States' Rights Party (NSRP). After moving to Los Angeles, he was converted to Christian Identity by Wesley Swift and started the New Christian Crusade Church. Warner succeeded Richard Girndt Butler as leader of the Christian Defense League. He eventually moved both the New Christian Crusade Church and the Christian Defense League to Louisiana. Warner later became the Louisiana Grand Dragon of David Duke's Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.