Christopher Ruhm

Last updated
Zigler, Edward; Muenchow, Susan; Ruhm, Christopher J. (2012). Time Off with Baby: The Case for Paid Care Leave. Zero to Three. ISBN   978-1-934019-97-9.

Selected articles

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obesity</span> Medical condition in which excess body fat harms health

Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25–30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health economics</span> Branch of economics

Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare. Health economics is important in determining how to improve health outcomes and lifestyle patterns through interactions between individuals, healthcare providers and clinical settings. In broad terms, health economists study the functioning of healthcare systems and health-affecting behaviors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parental leave</span> Time taken off to care for a new child

Parental leave, or family leave, is an employee benefit available in almost all countries. The term "parental leave" may include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave; or may be used distinctively from "maternity leave" and "paternity leave" to describe separate family leave available to either parent to care for small children. In some countries and jurisdictions, "family leave" also includes leave provided to care for ill family members. Often, the minimum benefits and eligibility requirements are stipulated by law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Preventive healthcare</span> Prevention of the occurrence of diseases

Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases. Disease and disability are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices, and are dynamic processes that begin before individuals realize they are affected. Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

California's Paid Family Leave (PFL) insurance program, which is also known as the Family Temporary Disability Insurance (FTDI) program, is a law enacted in 2002 that extends unemployment disability compensation to cover individuals who take time off work to care for a seriously ill family member or bond with a new minor child. If eligible, you can receive benefit payments for up to eight weeks. Payments are about 60 to 70 percent of your weekly wages earned 5 to 18 months before your claim start date. You will receive payments by debit card or check. Benefits equal approximately 70% of earnings and have a maximum per week, for a total of up to six weeks.

Nutrition transition is the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes. Specifically the term is used for the transition of developing countries from traditional diets high in cereal and fiber to more Western-pattern diets high in sugars, fat, and animal-source food.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obesity in Australia</span> Overview of obesity in Australia

According to 2007 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), Australia has the third-highest prevalence of overweight adults in the English-speaking world. Obesity in Australia is an "epidemic" with "increasing frequency." The Medical Journal of Australia found that obesity in Australia more than doubled in the two decades preceding 2003, and the unprecedented rise in obesity has been compared to the same health crisis in America. The rise in obesity has been attributed to poor eating habits in the country closely related to the availability of fast food since the 1970s, sedentary lifestyles and a decrease in the labour workforce.

Darius Lakdawalla is an economist. He is the Quintiles Chair in Pharmaceutical Development and Regulatory Innovation at the School of Pharmacy at the Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics at the University of Southern California and co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Precision Health Economics, a health care consulting firm. Dr. Lakdawalla also serves as the Executive Director of the "Innovation and Value Initiative" (IVI), a multi-stakeholder scientific initiative that aims to improve the way value is measured and rewarded in the healthcare marketplace.

The motherhood penalty is a term coined by sociologists, that in the workplace, working mothers encounter disadvantages in pay, perceived competence, and benefits relative to childless women. Specifically, women may suffer a per-child wage penalty, resulting in a pay gap between non-mothers and mothers that is larger than the gap between men and women. Mothers may also suffer worse job-site evaluations indicating that they are less committed to their jobs, less dependable, and less authoritative than non-mothers. Thus, mothers may experience disadvantages in terms of hiring, pay, and daily job experience. The motherhood penalty is not limited to one simple cause but can rather be linked to many theories and societal perceptions. However, one prominent theory that can be consistently linked to this penalty is the work-effort theory. It is also based on the mother's intersectionality. There are many effects developed from the motherhood penalty including wage, hiring, and promotion penalties. These effects are not limited to the United States and have been documented in over a dozen other industrialized nations including Japan, South Korea, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Poland, and Australia. The penalty has not shown any signs of declining over time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parental leave in the United States</span> Regulated by US labor law

Parental leave is regulated in the United States by US labor law and state law. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) requires 12 weeks of unpaid leave annually for parents of newborn or newly adopted children if they work for a company with 50 or more employees. As of October 1, 2020, the same policy has been extended to caregivers of sick family members, or a partner in direct relation to the birth of the child therefore responsible for the care of the mother. Although 12 weeks are allowed to them, on average American fathers only take 10 days off, due to financial need. Beginning in 2020, California, New Jersey, and Rhode Island required paid parental leave to employees, including those a part of 50 or less employees. There is no paid paternity leave in the United States currently.

The maternal wall is a term referring to stereotypes and various forms of discrimination encountered by working mothers and mothers seeking employment. Women hit the maternal wall when they encounter workplace discrimination because of past, present, or future pregnancies or because they have taken one or more maternity leaves. Women may also be discriminated against when they opt for part-time or flexible work schedules. Maternal wall discrimination is not limited to childcare responsibilities. Both men and women with caregiving responsibilities, such as taking care of a sick parents or spouse, may also result in maternal wall discrimination. As such, maternal wall discrimination is also described as family responsibilities discrimination. Research suggests that the maternal wall is cemented by employer stereotypes and gender expectations.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development provides data about OECD countries related to paid parental leave length, average pay rate and full-rate equivalent. Not all countries provide mothers with a pay rate equal to what they would have received if the absence had not occurred.

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn is an American developmental psychologist and professor. She is currently the Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development at Teachers College, Columbia University.

Lisa Cameron is an Australian economist currently working as a Professional Research Fellow at the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research at the University of Melbourne.

Yuting Zhang is a professor of health economics at the University of Melbourne, and an expert on economic evaluations of health policy and healthcare reforms. She is a journal editor, award recipient, and has written numerous articles in influential journals in her field.

Nicolas Robert Ziebarth is a university professor at the University of Mannheim and the ZEW- the Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research. Since 2022, he is head of their Research Unit "Labour Markets and Social Insurance." Since its founding in 2021, he served as a tenured Associate Professor in Cornell's Brooks School of Public Policy and the Department of Economics. Prior to that, he was an Assistant Professor (2011-2017) and then tenured Associate Professor (2017-2021) in Cornell's Department of Policy Analysis and Management.

James R. Langabeer II is an American decision scientist, academic, and entrepreneur known for his theories on strategy and decision-making. He is the Robert H. Graham Professor of Entrepreneurial Biomedical Informatics and Bioengineering at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, and maintains faculty appointments in the department of Emergency Medicine and Psychiatry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Scheffler</span> American health economist (born 1943)

Richard Michael Scheffler is an American health economist whose career has focused on applying health economics to public policy both nationally and globally. He is a Distinguished Professor of Health Economics and Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley in the Graduate School of Public Health and the Goldman School of Public Policy. He is the Founding Director of the campus-affiliated, research-driven Nicholas C. Petris Center on Health Care Markets and Consumer Welfare.

Maya Rossin-Slater is an American health economist currently serving as Associate Professor of Health Policy in the Stanford University School of Medicine. Her research examines the causal effects of social policies and events in utero on the well-being of families and children in the United States. In 2023 Rossin-Slater received the Elaine Bennett Research Prize, awarded annually by the American Economic Association to the best female economist not more than ten years beyond her PhD. She is also the recipient of a National Science Foundation CAREER Award.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Christopher J Ruhm". Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy | University of Virginia.
  2. ↑ "Christopher Ruhm". scholar.google.com.
  3. 1 2 "Christopher J. Ruhm". NBER.
  4. ↑ "Christopher J. Ruhm | IZA – Institute of Labor Economics". www.iza.org.
  5. 1 2 "Ruhm Named SEA Distinguished Fellow". Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy | University of Virginia.
  6. ↑ "Christopher J. Ruhm". The Hamilton Project.
  7. ↑ Torry, Harriet (January 10, 2018). "Cheap Drugs, Not Economic Woes, Drive Opioid Overdose Deaths, Paper Argues". WSJ– via www.wsj.com.
  8. ↑ "The hard choices covid policymakers face". The Economist.
  9. ↑ Douthat, Ross (May 17, 2023). "Opinion | Legalizing Marijuana Is a Big Mistake". The New York Times– via NYTimes.com.
  10. ↑ Ngo, Madeleine (October 18, 2021). "Biden's Paid Leave Plan at Risk as Lawmakers Look to Shrink Package". The New York Times– via NYTimes.com.
  11. ↑ "A bad economy can be good for your health". NPR .
  12. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (1990). "Bridge Jobs and Partial Retirement" (PDF). Journal of Labor Economics. 8 (4): 482–501. doi:10.1086/298231. JSTOR   2535268. S2CID   40580962.[ non-primary source needed ]
  13. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (March 1991). "Career Employment and Job Stopping" (PDF). Industrial Relations. 30 (2): 193–208. doi:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00785.x.[ non-primary source needed ]
  14. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (1998). "The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates: Lessons from Europe" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 113 (1): 285–317. doi:10.1162/003355398555586. JSTOR   2586992. S2CID   263406257.[ non-primary source needed ]
  15. ↑ Rossin-Slater, Maya; Ruhm, Christopher J.; Waldfogel, Jane (March 2013). "The Effects of California's Paid Family Leave Program on Mothers' Leave-Taking and Subsequent Labor Market Outcomes". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 32 (2): 224–245. doi:10.1002/pam.21676. PMC   3701456 . PMID   23547324.[ non-primary source needed ]
  16. ↑ Bartel, Ann P.; Rossin-Slater, Maya; Ruhm, Christopher J.; Stearns, Jenna; Waldfogel, Jane (January 2018). "Paid Family Leave, Fathers' Leave-Taking, and Leave-Sharing in Dual-Earner Households". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 37 (1): 10–37. doi:10.1002/pam.22030. hdl: 10419/125050 . PMID   29320808.[ non-primary source needed ]
  17. ↑ Baum, Charles L.; Ruhm, Christopher J. (2016). "The Effects of Paid Family Leave in California on Labor Market Outcomes". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 35 (2): 333–356. doi:10.1002/pam.21894. hdl: 10419/101831 . JSTOR   43867293. S2CID   150299809.[ non-primary source needed ]
  18. ↑ "Time Off with Baby: The Case for Paid Care Leave". Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy | University of Virginia.
  19. ↑ "A National Paid Parental Leave Policy for the United States" (PDF).
  20. ↑ "The AEI-Brookings Working Group Report on Paid Family and Medical Leave" (PDF).
  21. ↑ Magnuson, Katherine A.; Meyers, Marcia K.; Ruhm, Christopher J.; Waldfogel, Jane (January 2004). "Inequality in Preschool Education and School Readiness". American Educational Research Journal. 41 (1): 115–157. doi:10.3102/00028312041001115. S2CID   53704500.[ non-primary source needed ]
  22. ↑ Magnuson, Katherine A.; Ruhm, Christopher; Waldfogel, Jane (February 2007). "Does prekindergarten improve school preparation and performance?" (PDF). Economics of Education Review. 26 (1): 33–51. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.09.008.[ non-primary source needed ]
  23. ↑ Ruhm, C. J. (May 2000). "Are Recessions Good for Your Health?" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 115 (2): 617–650. doi:10.1162/003355300554872.[ non-primary source needed ]
  24. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J (July 2003). "Good times make you sick". Journal of Health Economics. 22 (4): 637–658. doi:10.1016/S0167-6296(03)00041-9. PMID   12842319.[ non-primary source needed ]
  25. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (March 2005). "Healthy living in hard times" (PDF). Journal of Health Economics. 24 (2): 341–363. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.007. hdl: 10419/20599 . PMID   15721049. S2CID   296656.[ non-primary source needed ]
  26. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (July 2015). "Recessions, healthy no more?" (PDF). Journal of Health Economics. 42: 17–28. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.004. PMID   25839783. S2CID   6567049.[ non-primary source needed ]
  27. ↑ Finkelstein, Eric A.; Ruhm, Christopher J.; Kosa, Katherine M. (21 April 2005). "Economic causes and consequences of obesity". Annual Review of Public Health. 26 (1): 239–257. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144628. PMID   15760288.[ non-primary source needed ]
  28. ↑ Courtemanche, Charles; Pinkston, Joshua; Ruhm, Christopher; Wehby, George (January 2015). Can Changing Economic Factors Explain the Rise in Obesity? (Report). doi:10.3386/w20892.[ non-primary source needed ]
  29. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (December 2012). "Understanding overeating and obesity". Journal of Health Economics. 31 (6): 781–796. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.07.004. PMID   22935355.[ non-primary source needed ]
  30. ↑ Ii, Charles L. Baum; Ruhm, Christopher (August 2007). Age, Socioeconomic Status and Obesity Growth (Report). doi:10.3386/w13289.[ non-primary source needed ]
  31. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J (13 September 2007). "Current and Future Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in the United States" (PDF). Forum for Health Economics & Policy. 10 (2). doi:10.2202/1558-9544.1086.[ non-primary source needed ]
  32. ↑ Cawley, John; Ruhm, Christopher J. (2011). The Economics of Risky Health Behaviors11We thank the editors of this Handbook, Pedro Pita Barros, Tom McGuire, and Mark Pauly, for their feedback and helpful guidance. We also thank the other authors in this volume for their valuable feedback and comments at the Authors' Conference, and we are grateful to Abigail Friedman for transcribing the comments at that conference. Handbook of Health Economics. Vol. 2. pp. 95–199. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53592-4.00003-7. ISBN   978-0-444-53592-4.[ non-primary source needed ]
  33. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (July 2018). "Corrected US opioid-involved drug poisoning deaths and mortality rates, 1999–2015". Addiction. 113 (7): 1339–1344. doi:10.1111/add.14144. PMID   29430760. S2CID   46841739.[ non-primary source needed ]
  34. ↑ Drake, Keith M.; Ruhm, Christopher J. (December 2023). "Estimating Drug Involvement in Fatal Overdoses With Incomplete Information". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 65 (6): 1172–1180. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.06.019. PMID   37419162. S2CID   259369597.[ non-primary source needed ]
  35. ↑ "RECOVERY VIRGINIA ALLOCATION MODEL" (PDF).[ non-primary source needed ]
  36. ↑ Katcher, Bradley A.; Ruhm, Christopher J. (May 2021). "Federal Opioid Grant Funding Favors Least Populous States, Not States With Greatest Need: Study examines how closely federal grant dollars awarded in fiscal years 2017–2018 aligned with the severity of state opioid problems". Health Affairs. 40 (5): 829–836. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01656. PMID   33939505.[ non-primary source needed ]
  37. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (September 2022). "Excess deaths in the United States during the first year of COVID-19". Preventive Medicine. 162: 107174. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107174. PMC   9304075 . PMID   35878708.[ non-primary source needed ]
  38. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J (10 November 2023). "The Evolution of Excess Deaths in the United States During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic". American Journal of Epidemiology. 192 (12): 1949–1959. doi:10.1093/aje/kwad127. PMC   10988222 . PMID   37222463.[ non-primary source needed ]
  39. ↑ "Economist Rankings | IDEAS/RePEc". ideas.repec.org.
  40. ↑ "Economics Field Rankings: Health Economics | IDEAS/RePEc". ideas.repec.org.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Christopher J. Ruhm
Born
United States
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Economist, academic and author
Academic background
Education B.A.
M.A.
PhD
Alma mater University of California, Davis
University of California, Berkeley