Christos Socrates Mantzoros

Last updated
Christos Socrates Mantzoros
Mantzoros.tif
Born
Nafplio, Greece
Alma mater
Occupationteacher
Known for Leptin, Adiponectin
Awards
  • Endocrine Society's Outstanding Clinical Investigator Award (2018)
  • E.V. McCollum Award (2020)
  • Gerald Reaven, Distinguished Leader in Insulin Resistance Award (2022)
Scientific career
Fields Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism
Institutions Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Website www.bidmc.org/research/research-by-department/medicine/endocrinology/laboratories/mantzoros-lab

Christos Socrates Mantzoros is a Greek-born American internist-endocrinologist, teacher, and researcher. He is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and an adjunct professor at Boston University School of Medicine. He serves as the chief of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism at the VA Boston Healthcare System, and is the founding director of human nutrition at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School. He is also the editor-in-chief of the journal Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. [1]

Contents

Biography

Mantzoros was born in Nafplio, Greece. He earned an MD and a DSc from the University of Athens Medical School. He completed a residency in internal medicine at Wayne State University in Detroit and a fellowship in endocrinology, metabolism, and diabetes, as well as clinical nutrition at the Longwood Training Program (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Joslin Diabetes Center) of Harvard Medical School. He received MDs in clinical epidemiology from the Harvard School of Public Health and clinical investigation from Harvard Medical School. He is board-certified in internal medicine and endocrinology, metabolism, and diabetes, as well as in clinical nutrition. He was made full professor of internal medicine at Harvard University. [2]

Research

Mantzoros researches topics such as animal physiology and molecular biology, observational epidemiology studies, and clinical trials treating obesity, diabetes, and other human metabolic diseases. [3] Mantzoros is known for his work on leptin, adiponectin, and the proglucagon family of molecules, as well as the relationship between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and cancer. [3] Leptin has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating lipodystrophy and severe insulin resistance accompanied by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. [3]

His work has resulted in patents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications and has contributed to pharmaceutical companies' development of new pharmaceuticals. Currently, he and his team are utilizing various interventions, including physiological, pharmacological, and dietary interventions, and tools related to physiology, hormones, neurocognition, neuroimaging, and functional MRI to investigate the role of the human brain and peripheral organs in regulating energy homeostasis, obesity, and metabolism and associated comorbidities like diabetes, NASH, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies.

In 2018, Mantzoros gave a Harvard Medical School Mini Med lecture to teach medical concepts to a lay audience attended by nearly 100,000 people worldwide through live-streaming. [4] [5]

Leptin and Adiponectin

Mantzoros conducted physiology and pharmacokinetic studies in leptin, ran clinical trials in humans, and investigated its therapeutic potential. He was among the first to investigate the normal physiology of leptin in humans, including circadian rhythms its role in fasting, neuroendocrine regulation in humans, and concerning body weight. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [ excessive citations ] His team has studied leptin pharmacokinetics, establishing dosing guidelines for human use. [10] [11] [13] Their work advanced understanding of leptin's neuroendocrine roles in body weight regulation, energy homeostasis, immunology, and interactions with hormones like thyroid-stimulating hormone and sex steroids. [14]

Noting that hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA), extreme leanness, and lipodystrophy involve hypoleptinemia, he led clinical trials testing leptin therapy. [15] [16] Results showed leptin replacement restored hormonal axes and bone density in HA, while improving insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in lipodystrophy. [14] [13] [17] [16] [18] [ excessive citations ] Additionally, he observed that functional changes in how the brain views food occur in subjects with hypoleptinemia, which can be corrected with leptin replacement. [19] Mantzoros and his team observed that short-term metreleptin treatment enhanced activity in areas detecting food's salience and rewarding value during fasting. In contrast, long-term treatment decreased attention to the rewarding value of food after feeding. Furthermore, hypothalamic activity is modulated by metreleptin treatment, and leptin reduces functional connectivity of the hypothalamus to key feeding-related areas in these hypoleptinemic subjects.

These findings expanded the role of leptin from that of a hormone regulating energy expenditure to one important in systemic neuroendocrine regulation. Mantzoros's team subsequently focused on physiology studies to explore and elucidate determinants of adiponectin levels in the circulation and the physiological role of adiponectin in humans. [20]

Proglucagon derived peptides

More recently, Mantzoros's interest has been directed towards the physiology and clinical significance of GIP and the proglucagon-derived peptides, including endogenous GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, glicentin, and major proglucagon fragment, which play a significant role in metabolic homeostasis and weight regulation. [21] Among other physiology and interventional studies, Mantzoros published a randomized control trial that showed that the administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide to overweight/obese individuals leads to downregulation of other proglucagon-derived molecules; this suggests that normalizing the decreasing levels of several of these molecules may provide additional metabolic and weight loss benefits in the future. [22]

Neuroimaging studies

Mantzoros has been working on the interplay of hormones and environmental factors to influence the function of essential brain centers in energy homeostasis and metabolism and how these may be altered with pharmaceuticals to treat obesity, with a focus on the control of eating behaviors as they are affected by obesity in the human cortex. [23]

Mantzoros and his team examined the GLP-1 analog liraglutide in diabetic adults and found that liraglutide decreased activation in the brain's cortex, increasing control and making individuals more attentive to their eating. [24] This suggests that individuals on liraglutide find highly desirable foods less appealing and that the medication might prove an effective weight loss therapy for people who eat foods as a reward, such as when stressed.

Short-term treatment with GLP-1RAs decreases activation in the insula, putamen, caudate, and orbitofrontal cortex (areas of the reward system), which may lead to lower energy intake and may thus contribute to weight loss; however, the impact of GLP-1RAs on brain activity disappears during long-term treatment, which may also explain the eventual weight-loss plateau observed with these medications. [25]

Furthermore, Mantzoros and colleagues examined the serotonin 2c receptor agonist lorcaserin in obese adults and discovered that lorcaserin decreased activation in the attention-related parietal and visual cortices in response to highly palatable food cues at 1 week in the fasting state and in the parietal cortex in response to any food cues at 4 weeks in the fed state. [26] The decrease in emotion—and salience-related limbic activity, including the insula and amygdala, was attenuated at 4 weeks. In a secondary analysis, they observed that decreases in caloric intake, weight, and BMI correlated with activations in the amygdala, parietal, and visual cortices at baseline, suggesting that lorcaserin would benefit emotional eaters.

Mantzoros' team performed the first neuroimaging study investigating the association of blood concentrations of oxyntomodulin, glicentin, and GIP with brain activity in response to food cues. [27] Findings showed that fasting blood levels of GIP were inversely associated with the activation of attention-related areas (visual cortices of the occipital lobe and parietal lobe), oxyntomodulin and glicentin with reward-related areas (insula, putamen, caudate for both, and additionally orbitofrontal cortex for glicentin), and the hypothalamus when viewing highly desirable as compared to less desirable food images.[ citation needed ]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis

In addition to his work on obesity and diabetes, recognizing the rising burden of NAFLD, which currently affects approximately 30% of Americans, Mantzoros has focused on the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.

Regarding pathophysiology, the Mantzoros group has linked NAFLD to central obesity and the hormones leptin and adiponectin as well as low skeletal mass and skeletal tissue hormones, including activins, follistatins, irisin, the quality of the diet and the protective role of the Mediterranean diet. [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [ excessive citations ]

The Mantzoros team, using the techniques of omics and supervised learning, has developed novel models utilizing a top-down approach instead of the usual candidate molecule approach, like using metabolites, lipids, hormones, and glycans that can diagnose the presence of NASH, NAFLD or healthy status with high accuracy, as well as a model that can diagnose liver fibrosis using lipids. [37] [38] He has further focused on the emerging role of antidiabetic and other medications necessary in metabolism suggested to be used on the background of medical nutrition and lifestyle modification therapy for the treatment of advanced NASH. [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]

For these reasons, Mantzoros has proposed a new name and classification for this disease: DAFLD/DASH (Dysmetabolism Associated Fatty Liver Disease / Steatohepatitis), placing it as an umbrella diagnosis under a pathophysiology-based subclassification of fatty liver disease (FLD). [44]

Mantzoros, representing the Endocrine Society, has participated in the working group that published the "call to action" paper inviting primary care physicians and subspecialists to prepare for the epidemic of this prevalent condition and to contribute to screening, diagnosing, and treating it in their clinics. [45] This working group subsequently published the 2021 guidelines on diagnosis and treatment.

Epidemiology of cancer

Observing that the incidence of certain cancers, such as endometrial, esophageal, and breast cancers, increases with the rate of obesity, Mantzoros hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is also found at higher levels in obesity and is a growth factor, might be related to the development of cancer. He first confirmed in a case-control study that IGF-1 was linked with prostate cancer. [46] [47] [48] Later, in case-control and prospective epidemiology studies, he confirmed a similar link between IGF-1 and other cancers, including thyroid and breast. [49] [50] [51] This work opened the way for efforts to develop molecules blocking IGF-1 signaling as possible treatments for cancer, which are currently being tested.

Additionally, observing the links between insulin resistance, inflammation, and sex steroids with central obesity and obesity-related cancers, Mantzoros expanded this research to the molecule adiponectin, hypothesizing that abnormalities in this molecule, caused by abnormal fat deposition in the abdomen, were upstream of all other hormonal and inflammatory abnormalities above. First performing physiology studies in rodents and later in human case-control and prospective cohort studies, his team demonstrated the link between adiponectin and several types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, thyroid, prostate, and others. [49] [50] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [ excessive citations ]

The Mantzoros group also demonstrated a direct effect of adiponectin and its receptors on human endometrial and other cancers, and began mapping the molecular pathways downstream of adiponectin in malignancies. [58] [59]

Mediterranean Diet

Mantzoros demonstrated that following a Mediterranean diet leads to improved levels of adipokines like adiponectin, which decreases insulin resistance and inflammatory factors like C-reactive protein and thus leads in the long-term to a lower incidence of death from cardiovascular disease and stroke. [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84]

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental is a biomedical journal published by Elsevier that covers all aspects of metabolism, including studies in human, animal, and cellular models. The journal was in decline for several years until 2010, when Mantzoros assumed the position of editor-in-chief.

Since then, the journal has experienced a growth of more than 20% annually in all metrics, and its impact factor has more than quadrupled (current IF: 13.93). The impact factor and cite score (4-year impact factor) has placed Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental in the top 3% of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism journals. Its cited half-life, or the duration an average paper continues receiving citations, was 9.4 in 2018, placing the journal in the top 5% of its category. [85] The 2022 journal cite score was 16.5.[ citation needed ]

Translation of science into tangible clinical benefits

Mantzoros heads Mantzoros Consulting, LLC, which consults for several companies. In 2005, he co-founded Intekrin, Inc., which was later acquired by and merged with Coherus, Inc. [86] These companies are developing several biosimilars at various stages of clinical development in humans (one is approaching FDA approval) and small molecules for diseases related to insulin resistance (e.g, diabetes and NAFLD). CHRS-131 completed Phase II trials in humans for multiple sclerosis. [87]

Teaching and mentoring

Mantzoros is the chief of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism at the VA Boston Healthcare System and the director of the Human Nutrition Unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He teaches at Harvard Medical School and Boston University School of Medicine. He has mentored more than 175 scientists.[ citation needed ]

Mantzoros, an active member of the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church, has held many roles, including teaching pro bono biomedical ethics at the Hellenic College and Holy Cross School of Theology, serving on the Archdiocesan Advisory Council on Bioethics, and serving on the Hellenic College Holy Cross (HCHC) board of trustees.[ citation needed ]

Awards

Mantzoros has received awards:

Other (selected) Awards include:

Honorary titles

References

  1. ↑ "Christos Mantzoros | Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine". www.bumc.bu.edu. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  2. ↑ "Workshop on current developments in obesity and diabetes, Harvard Medical School, Academy of Athens, CHS". greece.chs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2025-04-09.
  3. 1 2 3 "Christos Mantzoros, MD, DSc, h.c. mult. PhD".
  4. ↑ "HMS Mini Med Lectures". Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  5. ↑ "Mini Med Lecture Video". YouTube . 9 May 2018.
  6. ↑ Chrysafi, Pavlina; Perakakis, Nikolaos; Farr, Olivia; Stefanakis, Konstantinos; Peradze, Natia; Sala-Vila, Aleix; Mantzoros, Christos S (2020). "Leptin alters energy intake and fat mass but not energy expenditure in lean subjects". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5145. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5145C. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18885-9. PMC   7553922 . PMID   33051459.
  7. ↑ Mantzoros, Christos S; Moschos, Stergios J (1998). "Leptin: In search of role(s) in human physiology and pathophysiology". Clinical Endocrinology. 49 (5): 551–67. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00571.x . PMID   10197068. S2CID   24019740.
  8. ↑ Ahima, R. S; Prabakaran, D; Mantzoros, C; Qu, D; Lowell, B; Maratos-Flier, E; Flier, J. S (1996). "Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting". Nature. 382 (6588): 250–2. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..250A. doi:10.1038/382250a0. PMID   8717038. S2CID   4331304.
  9. ↑ Chan, Jean L; Heist, Kathleen; Depaoli, Alex M; Veldhuis, Johannes D; Mantzoros, Christos S (2003). "The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (9): 1409–21. doi:10.1172/JCI17490. PMC   154448 . PMID   12727933.
  10. 1 2 Roemmich, James N; Clark, Pamela A; Berr, Stuart S; Mai, Vu; Mantzoros, Christos S; Flier, Jeffrey S; Weltman, Arthur; Rogol, Alan D (1998). "Gender differences in leptin levels during puberty are related to the subcutaneous fat depot and sex steroids". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 275 (3): E543-51. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.3.E543. PMID   9725824.
  11. 1 2 Chan, Jean L; Wong, Shekman L; Mantzoros, Christos S (2008). "Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Recombinant Methionyl Human Leptin Administration in Healthy Subjects in the Fed and Fasting States". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 47 (11): 753–64. doi:10.2165/00003088-200847110-00006. PMC   2737404 . PMID   18840030.
  12. ↑ Lee, J. H; Chan, J. L; Yiannakouris, N; Kontogianni, M; Estrada, E; Seip, R; Orlova, C; Mantzoros, C. S (2003). "Circulating resistin levels are not associated with obesity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: Cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insulin-resistant, and diabetic subjects". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 88 (10): 4848–56. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030519 . PMID   14557464.
  13. 1 2 Mantzoros, Christos S (2006). "Role of Leptin in Reproduction". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 900: 174–83. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06228.x. PMID   10818404. S2CID   23194450.
  14. 1 2 Licinio, Julio; Mantzoros, Christos; Negrão, Anadré B; Cizza, Giovanni; Wong, Ma-Li; Bongiorno, Peter B; Chrousos, George P; Karp, Brian; Allen, Christine; Flier, Jeffrey S; Gold, Philip W (1997). "Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary–adrenal function". Nature Medicine. 3 (5): 575–9. doi:10.1038/nm0597-575. PMID   9142131. S2CID   6065035.
  15. ↑ Welt, C. K; Chan, J. L; Bullen, J; Murphy, R; Smith, P; Depaoli, A. M; Karalis, A; Mantzoros, C. S (2004). "Recombinant human leptin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea". New England Journal of Medicine. 351 (10): 987–97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040388 . PMID   15342807.
  16. 1 2 Chan, Jean L; Mantzoros, Christos S (2005). "Role of leptin in energy-deprivation states: Normal human physiology and clinical implications for hypothalamic amenorrhoea and anorexia nervosa". The Lancet. 366 (9479): 74–85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66830-4. PMID   15993236. S2CID   37180870.
  17. ↑ Mantzoros, Christos; Flier, Jeffrey S; Lesem, Michael D; Brewerton, Timothy D; Jimerson, David C (1997). "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leptin in Anorexia Nervosa: Correlation with Nutritional Status and Potential Role in Resistance to Weight Gain1". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 82 (6): 1845–51. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.6.4006 . PMID   9177394.
  18. ↑ Mantzoros, Christos S (2009). "Whither Recombinant Human Leptin Treatment for HIV-Associated Lipoatrophy and the Metabolic Syndrome?". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 94 (4): 1089–1091. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0340. PMC   2730231 . PMID   19349474.
  19. ↑ Farr, Olivia M; Fiorenza, Christina; Papageorgiou, Panagiotis; Brinkoetter, Mary; Ziemke, Florencia; Koo, Bang-Bon; Rojas, Rafael; Mantzoros, Christos S (2014). "Leptin Therapy Alters Appetite and Neural Responses to Food Stimuli in Brain Areas of Leptin-Sensitive Subjects Without Altering Brain Structure". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 99 (12): E2529-38. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2774. PMC   4255115 . PMID   25279500.
  20. ↑ Ziemke, Florencia; Mantzoros, Christos S (2010). "Adiponectin in insulin resistance: lessons from translational research". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 91 (1): 258S –261S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28449C. PMC   2793112 . PMID   19906806.
  21. ↑ Perakakis, Nikolaos; Kokkinos, Alexander; Peradze, Natia; Tentouris, Nikolaos; Ghaly, Wael T; Pilitsi, Elena; Upadhyay, Jagriti; Alexandrou, Andreas; Mantzoros, Christos S (2019). "Circulating levels of gastrointestinal hormones in response to the most common types of bariatric surgery and predictive value for weight loss over one year: Evidence from two independent trials". Metabolism. 101 153997. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153997. PMID   31672446. S2CID   209568403.
  22. ↑ Kim, Suh H; Abbasi, Fahim; Nachmanoff, Clara; Stefanakis, Konstantinos; Kumar, Ajay; Kalra, Bhanu; Savjani, Gopal; Mantzoros, Christos (2021). "Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide versus placebo treatment on circulating proglucagon-derived peptides that mediate improvements in body weight, insulin secretion and action: A randomized controlled trial". Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 23 (2): 489–498. doi:10.1111/dom.14242. PMC   7856054 . PMID   33140542.
  23. ↑ Farr, Olivia M; Li, Chiang-Shan R; Mantzoros, Christos S (2016). "Central nervous system regulation of eating: Insights from human brain imaging". Metabolism. 65 (5): 699–713. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.002. PMC   4834455 . PMID   27085777.
  24. ↑ Farr, Olivia M; Sofopoulos, Michail; Tsoukas, Michael A; Dincer, Fadime; Thakkar, Bindiya; Sahin-Efe, Ayse; Filippaios, Andreas; Bowers, Jennifer; Srnka, Alexandra; Gavrieli, Anna; Ko, Byung-Joon; Liakou, Chrysoula; Kanyuch, Nickole; Tseleni-Balafouta, Sofia; Mantzoros, Christos S (2016). "GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: A crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial". Diabetologia. 59 (5): 954–65. doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3874-y. PMC   4826792 . PMID   26831302.
  25. ↑ Farr, Olivia M; Upadhyay, Jagriti; Rutagengwa, Chelsea; DiPrisco, Bridget; Ranta, Zachary; Adra, Amal; Bapatla, Neha; Douglas, Vivian P; Douglas, Konstantinos A A; Nolen-Doerr, Eric; Mathew, Hannah; Mantzoros, Christos S (2019). "Longer-term liraglutide administration at the highest dose approved for obesity increases reward-related orbitofrontal cortex activation in response to food cues: Implications for plateauing weight loss in response to anti-obesity therapies". Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 21 (11): 2459–2464. doi:10.1111/dom.13827. PMC   6800581 . PMID   31282006.
  26. ↑ Farr, O. M; Upadhyay, J; Gavrieli, A; Camp, M; Spyrou, N; Kaye, H; Mathew, H; Vamvini, M; Koniaris, A; Kilim, H; Srnka, A; Migdal, A; Mantzoros, C. S (2016). "Lorcaserin Administration Decreases Activation of Brain Centers in Response to Food Cues and These Emotion- and Salience-Related Changes Correlate with Weight Loss Effects: A 4-Week-Long Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial". Diabetes. 65 (10): 2943–53. doi:10.2337/db16-0635. PMC   5033259 . PMID   27385157.
  27. ↑ Perakakis, Nikolaos; Farr, Olivia M; Mantzoros, Christos (2021). "Fasting oxyntomodulin, glicentin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels are associated with activation of reward- and attention-related brain centres in response to visual food cues in adults with obesity: A cross-sectional functional MRI study". Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 23 (5): 1202–1207. doi: 10.1111/dom.14315 . PMID   33417264. S2CID   231194982.
  28. ↑ Boutari, Chrysoula; Mantzoros, Christos S (2020). "Adiponectin and leptin in the diagnosis and therapy of NAFLD". Metabolism. 103 154028. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154028. PMID   31785257. S2CID   208515556.
  29. ↑ Polyzos, Stergios A; Kountouras, Jannis; Mantzoros, Christos S (2016). "Adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". Metabolism. 65 (8): 1062–79. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.006. PMID   26725002.
  30. ↑ Boutari, Chrysoula; Perakakis, Nikolaos; Mantzoros, Christos S (2018). "Association of Adipokines with Development and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease". Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea). 33 (1): 33–43. doi:10.3803/EnM.2018.33.1.33. PMC   5874193 . PMID   29589386.
  31. ↑ Polyzos, Stergios A; Mantzoros, Christos S (2016). "Adiponectin as a target for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with thiazolidinediones: A systematic review". Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea). 65 (9): 1297–306. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.013 . PMID   27506737.
  32. ↑ Polyzos, Stergios A; Perakakis, Nikolaos; Mantzoros, Christos S (2019). "Fatty liver in lipodystrophy: A review with a focus on therapeutic perspectives of adiponectin and/or leptin replacement". Metabolism. 96: 66–82. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.001. PMID   31071311. S2CID   195661123.
  33. ↑ Polyzos, Stergios A; Kountouras, Jannis; Anastasilakis, Athanasios D; Triantafyllou, Georgios A; Mantzoros, Christos S (2016). "Activin A and follistatin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". Metabolism. 65 (10): 1550–8. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.009. PMC   5022788 . PMID   27621190.
  34. ↑ Polyzos, Stergios A; Kountouras, Jannis; Anastasilakis, Athanasios D; Geladari, Eleni V; Mantzoros, Christos S (2014). "Irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". Metabolism. 63 (2): 207–17. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.013. PMID   24140091.
  35. ↑ Kouvari, Matina; Boutari, Chrysa; Chrysohoou, Christina D; Fragkopoulou, Elizabeth; Antonopoulou, Smaragdi; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Pitsavos, Christos; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B; Mantzoros, Christos S (2021). "Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with steatosis and fibrosis and decreases ten-year diabetes and cardiovascular risk in NAFLD subjects: Results from the ATTICA prospective cohort study". Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 40 (5): 3314–3324. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.058. PMID   33234342. S2CID   227169217.
  36. ↑ Lee, Saehyun; Ko, Byung-Joon; Gong, Younghoon; Han, Kyungdo; Lee, Anna; Han, Byoung-Duck; Yoon, Yeo Joon; Park, Siyoung; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Mantzoros, Christos S (2016). "Self-reported eating speed in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults". European Journal of Nutrition. 55 (1): 327–33. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0851-z. PMID   25648740. S2CID   36907141.
  37. ↑ Perakakis, Nikolaos; Polyzos, Stergios A; Yazdani, Alireza; Sala-Vila, Aleix; Kountouras, Jannis; Anastasilakis, Athanasios D; Mantzoros, Christos S (2019). "Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis with the use of omics and supervised learning: A proof of concept study". Metabolism. 101 154005: 1540054. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154005. PMID   31711876. S2CID   207962497.
  38. ↑ Perakakis, Nikolaos; Stefanakis, Constantinos; Mantzoros, Christos S (2020). "The role of omics in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease". Metabolism. 111S 154320. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154320. PMC   7377759 . PMID   32712221.
  39. ↑ Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes; Nikolopoulou, Chrysa; Papoutsi, Katerina D; Kyrou, Ioannis; Mantzoros, Christos S; Kyriakopoulos, Georgios; Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios; Kalotychou, Vassiliki; Randeva, Manpal S; Chatha, Kamaljit; Kontzoglou, Konstantinos; Kaltsas, Gregory; Papavassiliou, Athanasios G; Randeva, Harpal S; Kassi, Eva (2021). "Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE (-/-) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (2): 818. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020818 . PMC   7829901 . PMID   33467546.
  40. ↑ Polyzos, Stergios A; Kountouras, Jannis; Mantzoros, Christos S; Polymerou, Vaia; Katsinelos, Panagiotis (2017). "Effects of combined low-dose spironolactone plus vitamin E vs vitamin E monotherapy on insulin resistance, non-invasive indices of steatosis and fibrosis, and adipokine levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial". Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 19 (12): 1805–1809. doi:10.1111/dom.12989. PMID   28452101. S2CID   19982214.
  41. ↑ Perakakis, Nikolaos; Stefanakis, Konstantinos; Feigh, Michael; Veidal, Sanne S; Mantzoros, Christos S (2021). "Elafibranor and liraglutide improve differentially liver health and metabolism in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis". Liver International. 41 (8): 1853–1866. doi:10.1111/liv.14888. ISSN   1478-3223. PMID   3788377. S2CID   232430841.
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