Cinematic Development Company (Colombia)

Last updated
Cinematic Development Company
Compañía de Fomento Cinematográfico
Logo FOCINE.png
Agency overview
Formed28 July 1978 (1978-07-28)
Dissolved17 January 1993 (1993-01-17)
Superseding agency
Headquarters Bogotá, D.C.
Parent agency Colombian Institute of Culture

The Cinematic Development Company, also known as FOCINE, was a Colombian government agency established in 1978, FOCINE was in charge of the Colombian National Film Fund, whose purpose was to design, execute, produce and promote the development of the country's film industry through public policies dictated by the Colombian government. During its period of operation, FOCINE laid the foundations for a new stage of Colombian cinema, which allowed different productions from the country to be taken to international film festivals, obtaining important recognition worldwide and positioning Colombian cinema as one of the most important in America, and the eventual evolution into the Film Development Fund - Proimágenes Colombia. However, according to recent critics, it was considered a closed and politicized entity that only sponsored renowned filmmakers and not amateurs. [1]

Contents

History

Background

The first existing antecedent for the development of the Public Policy of Cinema in Colombia is the formulation of Law 9 of 1942 [2] which promotes the development of the film industry in Colombia, generating tax exemptions and facilities for film makers within Colombian territory, which coincides with the golden age of Colombian cinema, led by the Acevedo Brothers who produced most of the film content in the country at that time. However, the film crisis of the early 1950s led to a large part of the large film production houses in the country disappearing or becoming, as in the case of Cine Colombia, exclusively distributors or exhibitors of film productions from abroad.

Around the 70s, Colombian cinema had several feature length fiction films with international co-production, goes through a stage where new directors produced documentary films, specialized in social criticism and the needs of a country that lived in the midst of an explosive political and civil situation, causing the interest of many to create productions that attended world-class film festivals obtaining awards that generated within the country's film circle a concept called Overpriced Short, caused by the promulgation of Decree 879 of 1971 [3] [4] that promulgates a screen quota and tax and customs exceptions for the importation of cinematographic material in Colombia, in this period stand out Oiga, Vea (1971), Chircales (1972) and Que es la Democracia (en: What is democracy?) (1972). [5]

Creation of FOCINE: the FOCINE era

From these experiences that reactivated the national cinema, the government of the then president Alfonso López Michelsen decided to create an entity in charge of promoting the development of a growing cinema but with financing problems to be able to develop it within the Colombian territory, and thus through Decree 1924 of July 28, 1978, the Cinematic Development Company - FOCINE was born. [6]

López Michelsen appointed Isadora de Norden as its first director. She managed FOCINE from 1978 to 1982, creating a series of measures that would strengthen the development of Colombian films supported by the Fund, such as the development loans administered by ProExpo, the management of policies to make imports of film material more flexible, and the promotion of the screening of national films in movie theaters within Colombia, at a time when American and Mexican productions dominated the market for screenings in the country. With the development loan measure, what was sought was that if the producer could not pay the credits for productions, then FOCINE would become the owner of the film and could distribute it, exhibit it, and keep it indefinitely, obtaining the profits to strengthen the Fund. [7]

In 1982, María Emma Mejía took over as Director of FOCINE. During her time at the company, she developed a new model of special credit development for producers with a recognized resume, eliminating the mortgage on productions, changing the program and strengthening the projection of filmmakers who would receive funds in a more flexible way to produce in Colombia. In addition, that same year, FOCINE also became a production company, which increased a series of dynamics that allowed new directors to promote their productions throughout the country and to be able to exhibit them at international festivals, where many of them received important awards, highlighting that the work A Man of Principle by Francisco Norden became the first Colombian film selected to compete at the Cannes Film Festival. [8] [9]

The FOCINE era, although not a golden age in Colombian cinema, marked a milestone due to the enormous success of several Colombian films, despite the fact that the failed promotion of some films caused them to become cult films years later. [10] [11] [12]

FOCINE's decline and dissolution

However, despite the international success of Colombian films from the FOCINE era at film festivals, the box office was a cause of the failure of the Cinematic Development Company, causing that in 1992, while preparing the launch of its last production as a film promotion entity: The Strategy of the Snail , Decree 2125 of December 29 [13] was issued declaring the liquidation of the company that for 16 years had been the home of Colombian cinema. [14] [15] [16] Ending its liquidation in 1993, national cinema was left without state funds, surviving by resuming international co-production, until Law 397 of 1997, in the midst of the birth of the Ministry of Culture, the Fund for Cinematographic Development - Proimagenes en Movimiento was born, which years later would become Proimagenes Colombia. [17]

Between 1978 and 1993, FOCINE produced around 31 feature films, 139 medium-length films, 2 short films and 1 feature film and 11 short films on video, highlighting the works of directors such as Gustavo Nieto Roa, Camila Loboguerrero, Sergio Cabrera, Víctor Gaviria, among others who are today references of national cinema and who years later would promote the development of new policies for the Colombian film sector.

Productions sponsored by FOCINE

Feature films

TitleDirectorCastGenreNotes
1977
Camilo, el cura guerrillero Francisco Norden Although it was produced and released before the creation of FOCINE, the entity obtained the distribution rights.
1980
Amazonas: infierno y paraíso Rómulo Delgado
1981
Amenaza Nuclear Jacques OsorioJorge Ramírez, Lizardo Díaz Muñoz, Lyda Zamora, Lee Ki-JeongAction, comedy
1982
El manantial de las fieras Ramiro Meléndez Fabián Aranza, Bruno Rey, Tere ÁlvarezAction, dramaMexican-Colombian co-production
La virgen y el fotógrafo Luis Alfredo Sánchez Franky Linero, Amparo Grisales, Eric del Castillo, Mónica HerránComedy
Pura sangre Luis Ospina Gilberto Forero, Humberto Arango, Florina Lemaitre, Carlos Mayolo, Luis Alberto GarcíaDrama, thriller
1983
Cristobal Colón Fernando Laverde Animation
Ajuste de cuentas Dunav Kuzmanich Hernando Casanova, Marcelo Gaete, Florina LemaitreDrama
El escarabajo Lizandro Duque Naranjo Gina Morett, Eduardo Gazcón, Argemiro CastiblancoDramaBest Film at Bogotá Film Festival. Nominated for Golden Prize at Moscow International Film Festival.
Carne de tu carne Carlos MayoloAdriana Herrán, David Guerrero, Santiago GarcíaDrama, horrorBest Cinematography at Bogotá Film Festival. Won Best Actress and nominated for Best Film at Fantasporto.
1984
Cóndores no entierran todos los días Francisco Norden Frank Ramírez, Vicky Hernández, Isabela Corona DramaBest First Work and Best Actor at Biarritz Film Festival. Best Film, Actor, Actress, Editing and Sound at Bogotá Film Festival. Best Actor at Chicago International Film Festival. Won Acting Award and Critics Award at Huelva Latin American Film Festival. Honorable Mention at Figueira da Foz International Film Festival.
Con su música a otra parte Camila LoboguerreroDiego León Hoyos, Nelly MorenoDramaBest Actor and Best Actress at Bogotá Film Festival
Triángulo de oro Jairo PinillaJorge Pinilla, Ana Cecilia Mejía, Saíd GonzálezAdventure
Caín Gustavo Nieto RoaArmando Gutiérrez, Marta Liliana Ruiz, Jorge Emilio SalazarDrama
1985
Tiempo de morir Jorge Alí TrianaGustavo Angarita, Sebastián Ospina, Jorge EmilioDramaBest Cinematography and Best Editing at Havana Film Festival. Nominated for Best Feature at Chicago International Film Festival. Nominated for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film at Goya Awards.
Pisingaña Leopoldo PinzónJuly Pedraza, Carlos Barbosa, Consuelo LuzardoDramaNominated for Golden Prize at Moscow International Film Festival
El día de las Mercedes Dunav KuzmanichHernando Casanova, Iván Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel CañasDrama
Extraña Regresión Jairo PinillaGloria Ida Bohorquez, Adriana Castillo, Azucena CeliminDrama, mystery, thriller
Los emberá Roberto Triana
1986
La boda del acordeonista Luis Fernando BottiaOrangel Maestre, Iris Oyola, Natalia CaballeroDrama, romanceBest Original Score at Bogotá Film Festival. Won Best Score and nominated for Golden Montgolfiere at Three Continents Festival. Best First Work at Havana Film Festival.
La mansión de Araucaima Carlos MayoloAdriana Herrán, José Lewgoy, Vicky Hernández DramaBest Director, Best Actor, Actress and Cinematography (in a Colombian Film) and Best Editing at Bogotá Film Festival.
El día que me quieras Sergio DowFausto Verdial, María Eugenia Dávila, Claudio BergeDrama, musical, romanceVenezuelan-Colombian-Argentine-American co-production. Best First Film, Cinematography and Production Design at Bogotá Film Festival. Best Actress at Cartagena Film Festival. Won House of the Americas award at Havana Film Festival. Nominated for Best Feature at Chicago International Film Festival.
Visa USA Lisandro Duque NaranjoMarcela Agudelo, Armando Gutiérrez, Gellver de CurreaRomantic ComedyColombian-Cuban co-production. Best Colombian Film, Supporting Actor and Best Screenplay (in a Colombian Film) at Bogotá Film Festival. Best Film and New Actress at Cartagena Film Festival.
A la salida nos vemos Carlos PalauAlejandro Madriñán, Abril Méndez, Santiago MadriñánComedy, dramaColombian-Venezuelan co-production
San Antoñito Pepe SánchezCarlos Jaramillo, Ángela Calderón, Nubia TapiasComedy, drama
El tren de los pioneros Leonel GallegoManuel Restrepo, Ana María Ochoa, Fabio RíosDrama, history
1987
Cronaca di una morte annunciata Francesco Rosi Ornella Muti, Rupert Everett, Anthony Delon DramaItalian-French-Colombian co-production. Nominated for Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival. Nominated for Best Director and Cinematography at Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists.
El embajador de la India Mario Ribero FerreiraHugo Gómez, Olga Lucía Alvira, José María ArzuagaComedy
1988
Profundo Antonio LlerandiRafael Briceño, Tania Sarabia, Orlando Urdaneta Crime, dramaVenezuelan-Colombian co-production
Técnicas de duelo: Una cuestión de honor Sergio Cabrera Frank Ramírez, Humberto Dorado, Florina LemaitreComedyBest Actor, Supporting Actress, Director and Editing at Bogotá Film Festival. Best Ibero-American Film and Kikito Critics Prize at Festival de Gramado. Nominated for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film at Goya Awards.
1989
Martín Fierro Fernando LaverdePaulino Andrada, Alberto Benegas, Rafael ChumbitoAnimationArgentine-Colombian co-production
Un hombre y una mujer con suerte Gustavo Nieto Roa Claudia de Colombia, Fernando Allende, Federico Arango, Manuel BusquetsDrama
1990
Rodrigo D: No Futuro Víctor Gaviria Ramiro Meneses, Carlos Restrepo, Jackson GallegoCrime, dramaNominated for Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival.
María Cano Camila LoboguerreroMaría Eugenia Dávila, Frank Ramírez, MagusoBiography, drama, romanceBest Actor at Bogotá Film Festival. Best Cinematography at Cartagena Film Festival. Best Film at San Antonio CineFestival.
La estrategia del caracol Sergio Cabrera Fausto Cabrera, Frank Ramírez, Delfina GuidoComedy, dramaColombian-Italian-French co-production. Won Prize of the Ecumenical Jury's Forum of New Cinema award at Berlin International Film Festival. Won Golden Sun at Biarritz Film Festival. Won Silver Precolumbian Circle, Best Colombian Film and Director at Bogota Film Festival. Nominated for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film at Goya Awards. Won Grand Coral - Second Prize, Best Music and Production Design and 3rd place for Audience Award at Havana Film Festival. Golden Colon at Huelva Latin American Film Festival. Golden Spike at Valladolid International Film Festival.

Aftermath and legacy

Currently, the entity that survived the liquidation of FOCINE is the Fundación Patrimonio Fílmico Colombiano (en:Colombian Film Heritage Foundation), which was founded in 1986 as an initiative of the former FOCINE, with the District Cinematheque, Cine Colombia and the former Inravisión (today RTVC). [18]

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References

  1. ↑ Tiempo, Redacción El (January 17, 1993). "FOCINE: HISTORIA SIN PROYECCIONES". El Tiempo.
  2. ↑ SAS, Redjurista. "Ley 9 de 1942 Congreso de la República - Colombia". www.redjurista.com.
  3. ↑ https://www.suin-juriscol.gov.co/viewDocument.asp?id=1728458
  4. ↑ https://ri.unsam.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/1675/1/TESP_EIDAES_2021_BADI.pdf
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160408125506/http://timerime.com/es/evento/1396340/FOCINE/#
  6. ↑ "Colombia cine".
  7. ↑ "La Historia de Focine".
  8. ↑ "Condores en Cannes". 21 May 1984.
  9. ↑ "Condores en Cannes". 21 May 1984.
  10. ↑ "El Cine colombiano y los tiempos de Focine".
  11. ↑ https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/198198702.pdf
  12. ↑ http://geografiavirtual.com/2018/04/cine-colombiano-focine/
  13. ↑ https://www.suin-juriscol.gov.co/viewDocument.asp?id=1403800
  14. ↑ "Focine: La Toma Final". 17 January 1993.
  15. ↑ "Decreto 2125 de 1992 Ministerio de Comunicaciones - Colombia".
  16. ↑ "$ 840 Millones Sin Administrador". 16 January 1993.
  17. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160408125506/http://timerime.com/es/evento/1396340/FOCINE/#
  18. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065628/http://www.patrimoniofilmico.org.co/anterior/info/historia.htm
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