City Walls of Altamura | |
---|---|
Native name Italian: Muro di cinta di Altamura | |
Location | Altamura |
Coordinates | 40°49′34″N16°33′23″E / 40.826042°N 16.556494°E |
Original use | Defensive wall of the ancient city (starting from the Middle Ages) |
The City Walls of Altamura were a military structure meant for defensive purposes and located in the city of Altamura, Italy. Its origin dates back to the Middle Ages and it was in use until the 19th century when it started to be gradually torn down. Nowadays only a few isolated parts of the walls survive. It shouldn't be confused with the Megalithic Walls of Altamura, which date back to the 5th-4th century BC and intersect in some parts with the city walls. [1]
Just a few maps depicting the city walls still survive and they are part of the maps Carte Rocca, commissioned by Angelo Rocca (drawings P/32 and P/33) and dating back to the end of the 16th century. Drawings dating back to earlier periods didn't survive. [2]
The city walls were first built in 1285 by Sparano da Bari, using a part of the pre-existing Megalithic Walls of Altamura. The connection of the boundary wall matches what must have been the layout of the megalithic walls in the part that goes from Porta Foggiali to Porta Matera and Porta del Carmine, as stated by Domenico Santoro (1688). [1] Original feature of the walls is the presence on top of it of the bas-relief depicting "Pipino's leg", located close to Porta Matera, in the same place where a leg of the rebel Giovanni Pipino di Altamura (1357) was displayed as a warning to the population. [1]
The wall was renovated in 1648, with the addition of improvements such as the Aragon-style buttresses. The bas-relief depicting Pipino's leg was destroyed and rebuilt on that occasion[ citation needed ]. [3]
The demolition of the wall took place throughout the 19th century. In particular, during the demolition of a part of the city wall named "Muraglia Marvulli", four bullets were found in 1863 which the then mayor of Altamura—Candido Turco—suggested that they were shot by the Sanfedisti during the Altamuran Revolution (1799). [4]
The city walls had the typical characteristics of a defensive military structure and, in particular, some of its features are inferred the maps known as Carte Rocca (it should be added that Carte Rocca do not provide a complete representation, but they tend to represent some of its features, since some areas of the city look empty). It must also be taken into account that the walls were restructured and improved in 1648, with the addition of Aragon-style buttresses.
In the map Carte Rocca P/33 a moat surrounding the walls is clearly visible in some parts; a few drawbridges for the gates of Altamura Castle and Porta Foggiali are also drawn (the latter looks more similar to a footbridge). [5]
As stated by Domenico Santoro (1688), the part of walls between Porta Foggiali and Porta Matera (and perhaps up to a Porta del Carmine) intersected with the Megalithic Walls of Altamura, and today some remains of the city walls in this section show a stone base that was probably part the pre-existing megalithic walls. [1]
The City Walls of Altamura comprised six gates: [5]
One more gate was then added—Porta Santa Teresa—which was made "upon request of the Discalced Carmelites", who lived close to the nearby church Chiesa di Santa Teresa (the gate would allow the Carmelites to enter the city more easily). [6] From the Carte Rocca P/33 the presence of a further gate can be inferred, which passed through Altamura Castle and which was more similar to a footbridge.
The demolition of the gates began as early as the 1820s. There are more details about the demolition of Porta Foggiali compared to the other gates, since there is a source stating that it can be traced back to sometime before 24 November 1823. [7]
Altamura is a town and comune of Apulia, in southern Italy. It is located on one of the hills of the Murge plateau in the Metropolitan City of Bari, 45 kilometres southwest of Bari, close to the border with Basilicata. As of 2017, its population amounts to 70,595 inhabitants.
The Altamura Man is a fossil of the genus Homo discovered in 1993 in a karst sinkhole in the Lamalunga Cave near the city of Altamura, Italy.
Saturnia is a spa town in Tuscany in north-central Italy that has been inhabited since ancient times. It is a frazione of the comune of Manciano, in the province of Grosseto. Famous for the spa which gives it its name, its population is 280.
Porta del Popolo is a gate of the Aurelian Walls in Rome (Italy). The current Porta del Popolo was built by Pope Sixtus IV for the Jubilee Year 1475 on the site of an ancient Roman gate which, at that time, was partially buried.
Altamura Cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Altamura, in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, in southern Italy.
Nicola or Niccolò Porta was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period.
Altamura Castle was a castle located in the city of Altamura, now completely demolished. It was located over today's piazza Matteotti and a few remains of it are still visible inside the adjacent buildings, which were built partly with stones and structural elements from the castle. In a warehouse are an ogival arch and some stone coats of arms. A few other remains are found in the adjacent buildings, which were built in the 19th century.
Federicus is a historical reenactment event that takes place every year in the historic city centre of Altamura, Italy. Its name is derived from the Latin name of king Frederick II, who founded the city of Altamura and by which the event is inspired. Among other things, parades re-enact the visit of Frederick II to the city of Altamura. The event usually takes place in the second half of April, and it normally lasts three days.
Pulo di Altamura is a doline located on the Murge plateau. It is the largest doline in that region and it is located about 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) north-west of the city of Altamura. It shares the local toponym pulo with other large dolines of the region, i.e. Pulicchio di Gravina, Pulo di Molfetta and Pulicchio di Toritto.
The Altamuran Revolution was a three-month period of self-government of Italian town Altamura, right after the birth of the Parthenopean Republic which ousted the Bourbons and the Kingdom of Naples. The city of the Kingdom of Naples was then defeated and taken by the so-called Sanfedisti, led by cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, after a battle on the city walls. After being defeated, most Altamurans managed to flee through Porta Bari, one of Altamura's main gates.
Piazza del Duomo is the main square of the city of Altamura, Italy. It is located in the center of the historic city center, as well as in the middle of the main street of the city, that is corso Federico II di Svevia. Moreover, Altamura Cathedral, the main church of the city, is located on the square. It is also known because the Tree of Liberty was planted in this square during the so-called Altamuran Revolution (1799).
Onorato Candiota was an Italian professor of philosophy and math at the Real Convitto di Bari, in Bari, Italy. He lived between the 18th and 19th centuries. The exact dates and places of birth and death are currently unknown, even though it is known that he was from Altamura, Italy. He's best known for his participation in the so-called Altamuran Revolution (1799). He died short after 1808.
The Megalithic Walls of Altamura are defensive walls dating back to the 4th century BCE. They were the city walls of the ancient city of Altamura, Italy. Nowadays, only a few parts of the original wall remain; the original track of the wall spanned over a length of about 3.6 km. They were about 4 meters high, while the base of the walls was about 5 meters wide.
Giovanni Pipino di Altamura was an Italian nobleman and condottiero. He belonged to the Pipino noble family, which began with Giovanni Pipino da Barletta and that, after just a few decades, declined.
Giovanni Pipino da Barletta was an Italian nobleman and dignitary of the Kingdom of Naples. He started the Pipino noble family, which, after just a few decades, disappeared with the death of his grandson Giovanni Pipino di Altamura and his brothers.
Porta Bari, previously called Porta de Bari, was one of the main gates of the city of Altamura, before the city walls of the city were torn down over the 19th century. Similarly to most European cities, the city walls were torn down, because the new technology and military techniques employed starting from the 19th century made them useless for defense purposes.
Giuseppe Carlucci was an Italian professor and astronomer. He was one of the first professors teaching at the University of Altamura (1747-1812).
Francesco Cassiano de Silva was a Spanish engraver. His engravings mainly depicted some cities of the Kingdom of Naples and they represent an invaluable source of information on the history of Southern Italy.
Porta Matera was one of the main gates of the old city of Altamura. They were part of the City Walls of Altamura, which were completely demolished during the Nineteenth century since they had become useless for defence purposes. The gate itself was demolished in 1872. The monastery Monastero del Soccorso is located on the left side of the gate, while on the right some ruins of the city walls can be seen, presumably saved from destruction because of the bas-relief depicting "Pipino's leg".