Altamura castle | |
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Castello di Altamura | |
Altamura, Apulia, Italy in Italy | |
Coordinates | 40°49′44″N16°33′7″E / 40.82889°N 16.55194°E |
Length | 67mx55m |
Site information | |
Open to the public | No |
Condition | completely demolished |
Site history | |
Built | 11th-13th century |
Built by | Norman (uncertain), Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire |
Garrison information | |
Past commanders | Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini |
Altamura Castle (Italian : Castello di Altamura) was a castle located in the city of Altamura, now completely demolished. It was located over today's piazza Matteotti and a few remains of it are still visible inside the adjacent buildings, which were built partly with stones and structural elements from the castle. In a warehouse are an ogival arch and some stone coats of arms. A few other remains are found in the adjacent buildings, which were built in the 19th century. [2]
The square on which stood the castle was previously named piazza Castello (which means 'Castle square'). [2] In Altamura dialect, the square is called u cuastidde (/u kwa'stɪdːᵊ/), which means 'the castle'.
The castle was probably built before Altamura was founded by king Frederick II (1243) and it was probably the seat of the feudal lord governing the nearby cluster of villages. Those villages were then displaced into the city right after the city was founded (1243). The proof that the castle was built before lies in some remains of the castle, that were visible until the demolition; Domenico Santoro (1688) wrote that there were insignia of Norman kings near the windows of the castle's church. [3] The castle was for a long time home to the Altamura family – the descendants of Sparano da Bari) – and it was the favorite residence of Giovanni Antonio Orsini Del Balzo, who was murdered therein in 1463. [4]
It also served as a prison. According to Cesare Orlandi, it is particularly well known for the imprisonment of prince Otto IV, husband to queen Joanna I of Naples. [5] According to Orlandi, Corrado Corradino was also imprisoned therein. [6]
At the battlements of Altamura castle, in December 1357, the rebel Giovanni Pipino di Altamura was also hanged, sitting on a female donkey and wearing a paper crown, for having rebelled against the king and for calling himself "king of Apulia". [7] His body was ripped into four parts, which were then exhibited in different parts of the city of Altamura as a warning for disobedience. His thigh, in particular, was exposed on top of the city walls, more precisely on the right of Porta Matera where, in memory of this, a bas-relief depicting the "thigh of Pipino" was made and placed. In 1648, the bas-relief was destroyed and rebuilt following the restoration of the city walls. [8]
The castle was abandoned in the late 15th century; [4] thereafter it slowly started to fall into pieces, so much that in 1642 it was already "uninhabitable and apparently likely to collapse". [9] The demolition date is not known, though it seems reasonable that it might have been demolished in the 19th century, as the castle occurs in many 18th century drawings. [10]
In the 20th century, part of the foundations appeared during construction work on the square. However, the remains found were destroyed and not even a sketch of the foundations was drawn up. [2]
The castle was located close to the city's medieval walls. Domenico Santoro (1688) mentioned a courtyard and church inside the castle. On the 18th century drawings and paintings are visible four big corner towers (consistently with other castles commissioned by Frederick II). In circa 1330, a new big circular tower was added right next to the city walls. [4]
The structure of the castle is likely to have been modified and adapted to the needs. A part of the structure built by the Norman kings may have been incorporated in the renovation works made by Frederick II on the occasion of the foundation of Altamura. [4]
Circa 1330, according to Domenico Santoro (1688), King Robert of Anjou added a tower, called a fake tower, on which the coat of arms of the Anjou family was visible. [11] Domenico Santoro stated that a proof of this was of the coat of arms of Robert of Anjou. However, local historian Giuseppe Pupillo hypothesized that Domenico Santoro may have confused the coats of arms.
One of the coats of arms found in the buildings close to the area of the castle (the only remains of the castle) is a coat of arms similar to that of Robert of Anjou, but it is not the same. It is the coat of arms of Louis I of Naples. The same coat of arms occurs on the portal Altamura Cathedral (together with that of Joanna I of Naples.) [12] Because of this, historian Giuseppe Pupillo stated that attributing the "fake tower" to Robert of Anjou is quite acceptable, but there is not enough evidence to confirm the other statement provided by Domenico Santoro, according to which the coat of arms on the "false tower" belonged to Robert of Anjou. [13]
Details about the dimensions are given mainly by a plan sketch drawn up by architect Donato Giannuzzi in the mid-18th century. The ground dimensions were 67 meters by 55 meters, while the internal courtyard was 38 meters long and 25 meters wide. The whole castle stretched up to today's via Santa Teresa, farther than the square itself. [14]
It is worth to note that Castel del Monte was first called by that name in a decree from Ferdinand I of Naples, written inside Altamura Castle on December 1, 1463. Castel del Monte was previously called Castello di Santa Maria del Monte. [15]
The presence of the castle's foundations reportedly may have thwarted the functional rehabilitation of the square, which should have become underground parking. Non-invasive solutions have been proposed in order to avoid damaging the historic heritage hidden underneath the square. [16]
Giovanni Antonio (Giannantonio) Orsini del Balzo was a southern Italian nobleman and military leader; he was Prince of Taranto, Duke of Bari, Count of Lecce, Acerra, Soleto and Conversano, as well as Count of Matera (1433–63) and of Ugento (1453–63).
Altamura is a town and comune of Apulia, in southern Italy. It is located on one of the hills of the Murge plateau in the Metropolitan City of Bari, 45 kilometres southwest of Bari, close to the border with Basilicata. As of 2017, its population amounts to 70,595 inhabitants.
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Altamura Cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Altamura, in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, in southern Italy.
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Castello di Reschio forms part of a chain of walled settlements in proximity of the Tuscan boundaries. It belonged to the county of Porta Sant’Angelo of the commune of Perugia, perched on a hillock above the valley of Pierle, along the right riverbank of the Niccone stream. Today it is part of the communal territory of Lisciano Niccone, province of Perugia.
The Epitaph of Altamura is a monument located in Altamura, Southern Italy. According to historian Ottavio Serena, it was erected right after the visit in city, on 8 April 1807, of Joseph Bonaparte, who had just become king of Naples. According to more recent hypotheses, this monument was instead built in the year 1797, right after the visit of the kings Ferdinand IV and Maria Carolina of Austria in the city of Altamura. The commemorative monument is located in largo Epitaffio. Although traditionally named epitaph, it is not a funerary inscription but instead a commemorative monument.
Pulo di Altamura is a doline located on the Murge plateau. It is the largest doline in that region and it is located about 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) north-west of the city of Altamura. It shares the local toponym pulo with other large dolines of the region, i.e. Pulicchio di Gravina, Pulo di Molfetta and Pulicchio di Toritto.
Massimo Santoro Tubito or Latin: Maximus Xanthorus Tubitus was an Italian priest and writer. He's best known for his books Divinum Theatrum (1702) and De Antichristo (1712), both of them written in Latin. The subjects covered are history and religion.
Domenico Santoro was a local historian and physician closely related to the city of Altamura, Kingdom of Naples. He's known mostly for his essay on the history of the that town: "Description of the city of Altamura".
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The Megalithic Walls of Altamura are defensive walls dating back to the 4th century BCE. They were the city walls of the ancient city of Altamura, Italy. Nowadays, only a few parts of the original wall remain; the original track of the wall spanned over a length of about 3.6 km. They were about 4 meters high, while the base of the walls was about 5 meters wide.
Giovanni Pipino di Altamura was an Italian nobleman and condottiero. He belonged to the Pipino noble family, which began with Giovanni Pipino da Barletta and that, after just a few decades, declined.
Giovanni Pipino da Barletta was an Italian nobleman and dignitary of the Kingdom of Naples. He started the Pipino noble family, which, after just a few decades, disappeared with the death of his grandson Giovanni Pipino di Altamura and his brothers.
Porta Bari, previously called Porta de Bari, was one of the main gates of the city of Altamura, before the city walls of the city were torn down over the 19th century. Similarly to most European cities, the city walls were torn down, because the new technology and military techniques employed starting from the 19th century made them useless for defense purposes.
Francesco Cassiano de Silva was a Spanish engraver. His engravings mainly depicted some cities of the Kingdom of Naples and they represent an invaluable source of information on the history of Southern Italy.
Porta Matera was one of the main gates of the old city of Altamura. They were part of the City Walls of Altamura, which were completely demolished during the nineteenth century since they had become useless for defence purposes. The gate itself was demolished in 1872. The monastery Monastero del Soccorso is located on the left side of the gate, while on the right some ruins of the city walls can be seen, presumably saved from destruction because of the bas-relief depicting "Pipino's leg".
The City Walls of Altamura were a military structure meant for defensive purposes and located in the city of Altamura, Italy. Its origin dates back to the Middle Ages and it was in use until the 19th century when it started to be gradually torn down. Nowadays only a few isolated parts of the walls survive. It shouldn't be confused with the Megalithic Walls of Altamura, which date back to the 5th–4th century BC and intersect in some parts with the city walls.