Lecturer is an academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country. It generally denotes an academic expert who is hired to teach on a full- or part-time basis. They may also conduct research.
Senior lecturer is an academic rank. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland, and Israel senior lecturer is a faculty position at a university or similar institution. The position is tenured and is roughly equivalent to an associate professor in the North American system.
Doctor of Medicine is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which used the M.D. degree nomenclature. In England, however, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) was used and eventually in the 19th century became the standard in Scotland too. Thus, in the United Kingdom, Ireland and other countries, the M.D. is a research doctorate, honorary doctorate or applied clinical degree restricted to those who already hold a professional degree (Bachelor's/Master's/Doctoral) in medicine. In those countries, the equivalent professional degree to the North American, and some others' usage of M.D. is still typically titled Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French maître de conférences (MCF), and equal to or above the title of associate professor.
In North America, an adjunct professor, also known as an adjunct lecturer or adjunct instructor, is a professor who teaches on a limited-term contract, often for one semester at a time, and who is ineligible for tenure.
Tenure is a category of academic appointment existing in some countries. A tenured post is an indefinite academic appointment that can be terminated only for cause or under extraordinary circumstances, such as financial exigency or program discontinuation. Tenure is a means of defending the principle of academic freedom, which holds that it is beneficial for society in the long run if scholars are free to hold and examine a variety of views.
The following summarizes basic academic ranks in the French higher education system. Most academic institutions are state-run and most academics with permanent positions are civil servants, and thus are tenured.
Luhansk State Medical University was founded in 1956 in Luhansk, Ukraine. Initially known as Voroshilovgrad State Medical Institute, it received university status in 1994. In 1979 the then institute began offering postgraduate training, and from 1983 it began training foreign students in paediatrics, recruiting students from Middle Eastern countries ; Africa ; and Asia. In 1998 the university also opened schools of pharmacy and dentistry. The university has three academic buildings with scientific laboratories, a pharmacy, a dental clinic, a library and a fitness centre, and it has operated a number of clinics in Luhansk's various medical institutions.
Professors in the United States commonly occupy any of several positions of teaching and research within a college or university. In the U.S., the word "professor" is often used to refer to anyone who teaches at a college of university level at any academic rank. This usage differs from the predominant usage of the word professor in other countries, where the unqualified word "professor" only refers to "full professors". Other tenure-track faculty positions include assistant professor and associate professor (mid-level). Other teaching-focused positions that use the term "professor" include Clinical Professor, Professor of Practice, and Teaching Professor. Most faculty with titles of "Lecturer" and "Instructor" in the U.S. are not eligible for tenure, though they are still often referred to as "professors" in a general sense and as a courtesy form of address. Non-tenure-track positions may be full or part time, although the qualifier "adjunct" always denotes part-time.
Professor is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professors are usually experts in their field and teachers of the highest rank.
Academic ranks in the United States are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.
This article describes the academic positions and ranks in Sweden.
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences is a medical university in Kermanshah, Iran. was inaugurated as the Nursing High School in 1968, and became a medical college in 1975. After the Islamic Revolution, it was further developed into the Medical University in 1985. The University has 521 academic staff and 5500 students studying at all levels of medical fields at its faculties, and doing their practical training and placement in Teaching Hospitals, and prepare them for the job market. The university regulates and coordinates the activities of medical education, training and research in healthcare profession throughout Kermanshah Province. In addition to teaching and treatment, it has also been dealing with such areas as research and innovations in order to improve allied health sciences. Among the research activities, the university mainly focuses on higher research programs in Basic Medical Sciences, Allied Health Sciences and Nursing. This university has eight Vice-Chancellors, eight faculties, and seventeen Hospitals. eight of these Hospitals are in Kermanshah city, and the others are located in its towns as follows: Islam Abad, Paveh, Javanroud, Sarpole’ Zohab, Sonqor, Sahneh, Qasre-Shirin, Kangavar, Gilan Qarb and Harsin.
Academic staff, also known as faculty or academics, are vague terms that describe teachers or research staff of a school, college, university or research institute.
The following are academic ranks in the Finnish higher education system. There are a specific number of posts, which can be applied to when they are vacated or established.
Academic ranks in Canada are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.
Academic ranks in Spain are the titles, relative importance and authority of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.
Academic ranks in India are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
