The Communist Workers Organisation (Dutch: Kommunistische Arbeidersorganisatie, or KAO) was a communist group in the Netherlands. It was founded as the Marxist-Leninist Rotterdam Group (Groep Rotterdam marxistisch-leninistisch in March 1972 by a group of dissidents from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist) (KEN (ml)), following the departure of the 'Proletarian' wing of the KEN (ml) in October 1971. (This proletarian wing would later evolve into the Socialist Party.)
The Groep Rotterdam rapidly changed its name to Communists Circle of Rijnmond (marxist-leninist) (Kommunisten Kring Rijnmond (marxistisch-leninistisch), abbreviated KKR (ml)). According to a Dutch internal security service (BVD) estimate the KKR (ml) had 17 members in 1972.
In 1974 KKR (ml) renamed itself to the Communist Organisation of Rotterdam and Surroundings (marxist-leninist) (Kommunistische Organisatie Rotterdam en Omstreken (marxistisch-leninistisch), abbreviated KORO (ml)). The following year the name of the organization was changed once again, now to KAO. The shift from KORO (ml) to KAO marked, in the understanding of the group itself, a step from being a local organisation to a national party-building one.
The same year, the KAO was engaged in unity talks held amongst the Dutch fringe left. This included the KEN (ml), the organisation of which the KAO was a split, as well as several other organisations that had split from the KEN (ml):
GML excluded itself from the process due to their rejection of unity with KEN (ml), and KEN (ml) could not arrive at a comprise with the other groups due to their persistence on claiming hegemony over the other factions. In 1978 KAO merged with the two remaining factions, the BNML and KKB (ml) to form the Communist Workers Organisation (marxist-leninist) (KAO (ml)).
The Socialist Party is a democratic socialist and social democratic political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 1971 as the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist, the party has since moderated itself from Marxism–Leninism and Maoism towards democratic socialism and social democracy. The SP has also been described as left-wing populist, far-left and soft Eurosceptic, and is an advocate of Dutch republicanism.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI (ML)) was an Indian communist party formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, Vladimir Lenin's birthday. Later the CPI(ML) party splintered into several Naxalite groups.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti, abbreviated CPI (ML) Janashakti, was a communist political party in India. In 2013, CPI (ML) Jansakthi merged into CPIML.
The Marxist–Leninist Party of the Netherlands was a fake pro-China communist party in the Netherlands set up by the Dutch secret service BVD to develop contacts with the Chinese government for espionage purposes. The MLPN existed from 1968 to the early 1990s and was led throughout its existence by Pieter Boevé, who used the pseudonym Chris Petersen.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) was a political party in Nepal. It was launched in 1978 by the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist), which was founded by groups involved in the Jhapa movement. The CPN (ML) published Varg-Sangarsh and Mukti Morcha.
The Communist Workers' Party of Germany was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. It was founded in April 1920 in Heidelberg as a split from the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Originally the party remained a "sympathising member of Communist International." In 1922 the KAPD split into two factions, both of whom kept the name but are referred to as the KAPD Essen Faction and the KAPD Berlin Faction.
Communist Circle of Breda (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist group in Breda, the Netherlands. KKB (ml) was formed in August 1972 by a group of Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) militants in Brabant who refused to shift to Rotterdam when the new party leadership ordered them to do so.
League of Dutch Marxist–Leninists was a communist organisation in the Netherlands.
The Red Youth (Marxist-Leninist) was a revolutionary youth organization in the Netherlands.
Communist Workers Organisation was a communist group in the Netherlands. It was founded in March 1978 through the merger of the League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists (BNML), the Communist Workers Organisation (KAO) and the Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist). All of these had their origins in the pro-Chinese faction of the Communist Party of the Netherlands.
Communist Party of Germany is a name that has been and is being used by several Communist organizations in Germany.
The Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists was a clandestine communist party active in West Germany and East Germany during the Cold War. It was founded in 1968 by former Communist Party of Germany (KPD) official Ernst Aust, who subsequently became the party's chairman. An anti-revisionist party, the KPD/ML upheld the legacy of Soviet premier Joseph Stalin and supported China under Mao Zedong and later Albania under Enver Hoxha after the Sino-Albanian split. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the party claimed a membership of around 800.
The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity, more commonly known as CPI(ML) Party Unity or simply 'Party Unity', was a communist party in India 1982-1998. Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad was the general secretary of the party. Party Unity was the official organ of the party. CPI(ML) Party Unity was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Hoxhaism is a variant of anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the anti-revisionist movement, appearing after the ideological dispute between the Chinese Communist Party and the Party of Labour of Albania in 1978. The ideology is named after Enver Hoxha, a notable Albanian communist leader, who served as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour.
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist) (Dutch: Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland (marxisties-leninisties); KEN (ml)) was a communist organization in the Netherlands founded in 1964.
Group of Marxist–Leninists/Red Dawn is a Maoist group in the Netherlands. GML/Rode Morgen was founded in 1977, as a merger of a group of Amsterdam students and some groups of individuals expelled from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist-Leninist) in 1976. At the time of its foundation it had around 25 members. From the start, GML was mainly active in factories and trade unions.
The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO) was an international grouping of political parties and organizations adhering to Mao Zedong Thought founded in 1998 by the Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany. It was organized by a Joint Coordination Group and met every two or three years. It ceased to exist in 2017.
The Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) of Belgium was a political party in Belgium.
Daniël "Daan" Monjé was a Dutch politician and activist. Monjé, a pipefitter by profession in the port of Rotterdam, was co-founder of both the Socialist Party and its direct predecessor, the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) (KEN-ML).
Nico Schrevel (1933–2000) was a Dutch political activist.
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