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By the end of 2006 there were about 15 hybrid vehicles from various car makers available in the U.S. [1] By May 2007 Toyota sold its first million hybrids and had sold a total of two million hybrids at the end of August 2009. [2]
Below is a comparison of the Toyota hybrid models.
| Features | Prius  | Prius  | Prius  | Prius  | Camry  | Highlander  | Highlander  |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Release date | December 1997 (Japan) 2000 (worldwide) | August 2003 | May 2009 (Japan) June 2009 (US) | December 2015 | May 2006 | July 2005 | September 2007 |
| US model year | 2001–2003 | 2004–2009 | 2010–2015 | 2016– | 2007– | 2005–2007 | 2008– |
| Base price | US$19,995 | US$22,000 | US$22,000 | US$24,685 | US$26,480 | US$33,000 | US$34,700 |
| EPA-estimated city fuel economy | 42 mpg‑US (5.6 L/100 km; 50 mpg‑imp) | 48 mpg‑US (4.9 L/100 km; 58 mpg‑imp) | 51 mpg‑US (4.6 L/100 km; 61 mpg‑imp) | 54 mpg‑US (4.4 L/100 km; 65 mpg‑imp) | 33 mpg‑US (7.1 L/100 km; 40 mpg‑imp) | 28 mpg‑US (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp) (2WD) 27 mpg‑US (8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpg‑imp) (4WD-i) | 27 mpg‑US (8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpg‑imp) |
| EPA-estimated highway fuel economy | 41 mpg‑US (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg‑imp) | 45 mpg‑US (5.2 L/100 km; 54 mpg‑imp) | 48 mpg‑US (4.9 L/100 km; 58 mpg‑imp) | 50 mpg‑US (4.7 L/100 km; 60 mpg‑imp) | 34 mpg‑US (6.9 L/100 km; 41 mpg‑imp) | 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) (2WD) 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) (4WD-i) | 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) |
| EPA-estimated drivers fuel economy | 45 mpg‑US (5.2 L/100 km; 54 mpg‑imp) | 47.5 mpg‑US (4.95 L/100 km; 57.0 mpg‑imp) | 48.7 mpg‑US (4.83 L/100 km; 58.5 mpg‑imp) | 52 mpg‑US (4.5 L/100 km; 62 mpg‑imp) | 36.6 mpg‑US (6.43 L/100 km; 44.0 mpg‑imp) | 24.5 mpg‑US (9.6 L/100 km; 29.4 mpg‑imp) | |
| Engine | 1.5 L 1NZ-FXE I4 Atkinson cycle | 1.5 L 1NZ-FXE I4 Atkinson cycle | 1.8 L 2ZR-FXE I4 Atkinson cycle | 1.8 L 2ZR-FXE I4 Redesigned Atkinson cycle | 2.4 L 2AZ-FXE I4 Atkinson cycle | 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6 | 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6 |
| 0–60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration | 12.6 s | 10.8 s | 10.0 s | 9.6 s | 7.3 s (R&T, 5/06) | 6.6 s ( Motor Trend ) | n/a |
| Engine output | 70 hp (52 kW) / 82 lb·ft (110 Nm) | 76 hp (57 kW) / 85 lb·ft (115 Nm) | 98 hp (73 kW) / 105 lb·ft (142 Nm) | 95 hp (71 kW) / 105 lb·ft (142 Nm) | 147 hp (108 kW) / 138 lb·ft (187 Nm) | 156 kW (208 hp) | |
| Electric motor output | 44 hp (33 kW) / 259 lb·ft (350 Nm) | 68 hp (50 kW) / 295 lb·ft (400 Nm) | 80 hp (60 kW) / 153 lb·ft (207 Nm) | 71 hp (53 kW) / 120 lb·ft (163 Nm) | 45 hp (34 kW) | ||
| Net power | 60 kW (80 hp) | 80 kW (107 hp) | 110 kW (134 hp) | 90 kW (121 hp) | 140 kW (187 hp) | 201 kW (270 hp) | |
| Traction battery power | 33 kW (44 hp) | 21 kW (28 hp) | 27 kW (36 hp) | 53 kW (71 hp) | 30 kW (40 hp) | 45 kW (60 hp) | 45 kW (60 hp) |
| Requires premium fuel (91 octane (R+M)/2 ) | No | No | No | No | No | No (however, premium recommended) | No |
| EPA/CARB emission certification | Tier II Bin 3/AT-PZEV | Tier II Bin 3/SULEV | Tier II Bin 3/SULEV with AT-PZEV | Tier II Bin 3/AT-PZEV | Tier II Bin 3/AT-PZEV | Tier II Bin 3/SULEV | |
| Smog forming emissions compared to average new vehicle | 75% less | 80% less | 80% less | 80% less | 80% less | 80% less | 80% less |
| Maximum seating | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 |
A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.
The Toyota Prius is a mid-size car built by Toyota which has a hybrid drivetrain, combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Initially offered as a four-door sedan, it has been produced only as a five-door liftback since 2003.
The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that is manufactured and marketed by Honda. Its first generation was a two-door, two passenger liftback (1999–2006) and in its second generation was a four-door, five passenger liftback (2009–2014). In its third generation, it became a four-door sedan (2018–2022). It was Honda's first model with Integrated Motor Assist system and the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability — for the length of its production run.
The Ford Fusion Hybrid is a gasoline-electric hybrid powered version of the mid-sized Ford Fusion sedan manufactured and marketed by Ford, now in its second generation. A plug-in hybrid version, the Ford Fusion Energi, was released in the U.S. in February 2013.
Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD), also known as Toyota Hybrid System II, is the brand name of Toyota Motor Corporation for the hybrid car drive train technology used in vehicles with the Toyota and Lexus marques. First introduced on the Prius, the technology is an option on several other Toyota and Lexus vehicles and has been adapted for the electric drive system of the hydrogen-powered Mirai, and for a plug-in hybrid version of the Prius. Previously, Toyota also licensed its HSD technology to Nissan for use in its Nissan Altima Hybrid. Its parts supplier Aisin Seiki Co. offers similar hybrid transmissions to other car companies.
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Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles. A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power.
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each function as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks, buses, boats and aircraft also exist.
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Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent is a measure of the average distance traveled per unit of energy consumed. MPGe is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to compare energy consumption of alternative fuel vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles and other advanced technology vehicles with the energy consumption of conventional internal combustion vehicles rated in miles per U.S. gallon.
The Toyota Camry (XV40) is a mid-size car produced by Toyota from January 2006 to October 2011. Replacing the XV30 series, the XV40 represented the sixth generation of the Toyota Camry in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage. Between 2006 and 2010, a badged engineered model called Daihatsu Altis sold alongside the Camry in Japan. Toyota replaced the XV40 series in 2011 with the XV50.
Hybrid taxi or hybrid electric taxi is a taxicab service provided with a hybrid electric car (HEV), which combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system.
The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid is a plug-in hybrid liftback manufactured by Toyota. The first-generation model was produced from 2012 to 2016. The second-generation model has been produced since 2016. Production of the third-generation model is expected to commence in 2023.
The fleet of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States, with 5.8 million units sold through December 2020, is the second largest in the world after Japan. American sales of hybrid electric vehicles represented about 36% of the global stock of hybrids sold worldwide through April 2016.
The Toyota Prius is a full series-parallel hybrid electric compact car developed and manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation. The second generation Prius had been completely redesigned as a compact Kammback. The XW20 series represented the second generation of the Toyota Prius, replacing its XW10 predecessor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) rated the Prius as among the cleanest vehicles sold in the United States based on smog forming and toxic emissions in 2008. Toyota sold about 1,192,000 units of the second generation Prius worldwide.
The Toyota Prius (XW10) is a subcompact hybrid car that was produced by Toyota between 1997 and 2003 in Japan. The XW10 is divided into the NHW10 and its NHW11 counterpart, both of which represent the first generation of Prius series. The Toyota Prius is the first mass-produced hybrid car, and was released 2 years ahead of other manufacturers. While the NHW10 was available exclusively to Japan, it was subsequently introduced to worldwide markets in September 2000 with the NHW11. Toyota sold about 123,000 first generation Prius. Toyota's XW10 series Prius is notable as the first vehicle based on the Toyota MC platform.
The Toyota Priusv, also named Prius α in Japan, and Prius+ in Europe and Singapore, is a hybrid gasoline-electric automobile produced by Toyota introduced in Japan in May 2011, in the U.S. in October 2011, and released in Europe in June 2012. The Prius v was unveiled at the January 2011 North American International Auto Show alongside the Prius c Concept, and it is the first Prius variant to be spun off from the Prius platform. According to Toyota the "v" stands for "versatility". It is a compact MPV with a standard full hybrid drivetrain.
The following table compares EPA's estimated out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy ratings of serial production plug-in hybrid electric vehicles rated by EPA as of January 2017 expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpg-e), versus the most fuel efficient gasoline-electric hybrid car, the 2016 Toyota Prius Eco, rated 56 mpg‑US, and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US. The table also shows the fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrids in all-electric mode expressed as KWh/100 mile, the metric used by EPA to rate electric cars before November 2010.
The Hyundai Ioniq is a compact five-door liftback manufactured and marketed by Hyundai. The nameplate Ioniq is a portmanteau of ion and unique. It is marketed as the first automobile to be offered without a standard internal combustion engine, but rather sold in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and all-electric variants.
