List of hybrid vehicles

Last updated

The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline-electric hybrid automobile. Lohner Porsche.jpg
The Lohner–Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline–electric hybrid automobile.

This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s).

Contents

This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.

Automobiles

Overview by decade

YearCompanyNameTypeComments
Pre-1950
1899 Jacob Lohner & Co. Automobile
1900 Pieper of Belgium Automobile
1901 Jacob Lohner & Co. Lohner–Porsche Automobile
1905 Fischer Motor Vehicle Co. Petrol–electric OmnibusBus
1906 Auto-Mixte AutomobilePieper patent
1907 AL (French car)Automobile
1911 Tilling-Stevens TTA1 petrol–electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes)BusPetrol–electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running.
1915 Owen Magnetic Touring CarAutomobileThe 'Car of a Thousand Speeds'
1915 Woods Motor Vehicle Dual Power Model 44Automobile
1950s
1951Compagnie Normande d'Etudes Arbel AutomobileA petrol–electric hybrid powered on the Lohner–Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version.
1960s
1969 Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz OE 302Bus
1969 General Motors General Motors XP-883 Automobile
1970s
1970 Lviv Bus Factory LAZ 360EMBusFirst and last low floor Soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and only one example was made.
1972 Towns Microdot Automobile
1979 Fiat Fiat 131 Ibrida [1] AutomobileFiat hybrid prototype, 903 cc engine mated to a 24 kW (33 PS; 32 hp) DC
1980s
1980 Daihatsu Motor Co. Daihatsu Charmant HybridAutomobileThis four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged the batteries, and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration. [2]
1986 Twike AutomobileThe Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the United States (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).
1986 Honda Gaselle AutomobileThe Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.
1988 Alfa Romeo 33 Ibrida [3] [4] Automobile
1990s
1991 Hino Hino Blue Ribbon HIMRBus
1992 Volvo Cars Volvo ECC AutomobileGas turbine–electric
1993 Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generationBus
1993 Hino Model Unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation.Truck
1995 Fiat Vanzic [5] AutomobileElectric motor with the assistance of a thermal energy generator
1995 Nissan Nissan Diesel UA ERIPBus
1996 Isuzu Isuzu Cubic CHASSEBus
1996 Gillig Corporation Gillig Phantom HybridBus
1997 Toyota Toyota Coaster Hybrid EVBusFirst Japanese series hybrid bus
1997 Toyota Toyota Prius (Japanese market only)Automobile
1998 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE40LF (diesel–electric hybrid bus), originally called "H40LF"Bus
1999 Honda Honda Insight Automobile
1999 Orion International Orion VI HybridBus
2000s
2000 Nissan Tino HybridAutomobile1.769L QG18DE 74kW petrol engine and EM29 17kW electric motor
2000 Fiat Multipla Hybrid Power [6] AutomobileThermal engine and electric motor
2000 Toyota Toyota Prius (introduced to US market)Automobile1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001–2003 model
2001 Toyota Toyota Crown Automobile Mild hybrid, Japan only
2001 Toyota Toyota Estima (Japan only)Automobile
2002 Honda Honda Civic Hybrid Automobile Mild hybrid, 2003 model
2002? Mazda Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance)Automobile
2002 Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generationBus
2002 Nova Bus Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)Bus
2002 Motor Coach Industries MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)Bus
2002 Wrightbus Wright Electrocity Bus
2002 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE60LFBus
2003 Hino Hino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck
2003 Orion International Orion VII hybrid bus [7] Bus
2003 TransBus International TransBus Enviro200HBus
2003 Suzuki Suzuki Twin Automobile
2003 Toyota Toyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only)Automobile
2003 Toyota Toyota Prius Automobile(5-seat midsize, 2004–2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008))
2003 Toyota Dyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid)Automobile
2004 Chevrolet Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid Automobile Mild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories
2004 Ford Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)SUV
2004 Honda Honda Accord Hybrid Automobile Mild hybrid, 2005–2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales
2004 Toyota Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck
2004 New Flyer Industries New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline–electric hybrid bus)Bus
2004 Hino Hino S'elega R HybridBus
2004 Hino Hino Blue Ribbon City HybridBus
2004 Gillig Corporation Gillig Low Floor HybridBus
2005 Honda Honda Civic Hybrid Automobile2006 model, second generation
2005 Lexus Lexus RX 400h Automobile2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2005 Mercury automobile Mercury Mariner hybridAutomobile
2005 Toyota Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid Automobile2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2006 IC Corporation IC Corporation Hybrid School BusBus
2006 Nova Bus Nova Bus LFS HEVBus
2006 Wrightbus Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV Bus
2006 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE40LFRBus
2006 Lexus Lexus GS 450h Automobile2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine
2006 Saturn Corporation Saturn Vue Green Line Automobile BAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model
2006 Toyota Toyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine
2006 Toyota Toyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only)AutomobileIt is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus.
2006 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation Canter Eco Hybrid Truck
2006 International FTTS Truck
2007 Lexus Lexus LS600hLAutomobile2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine
2007 Mazda Mazda Tribute (2008 model)Automobile
2007 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE60LFRBus
2007 Nissan Nissan Altima (licensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive)Automobile
2007 Saturn Corporation Saturn Aura Green Line HybridAutomobile BAS, mild hybrid, 2008–2010 model
2007 Toyota Toyota Highlander/Kluger Hybrid Automobile2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2007 Hino Hybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia. [8] Truck
2007E-OneE-ONE [9] Hybrid Command CenterTruck
2007 Eaton Corporation Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners [10] Truck
2007 Chevrolet Chevrolet Tahoe SUV
2007 Ford Ford Escape Hybrid SUV2WD 36 mpg (city)/31 mpg (highway)
4WD 32 mpg (city)/29 mpg (highway)
2007 Lexus Lexus RX 400h SUV(AWD) 27 mpg (city)/25 mpg (highway)
2007 Mazda Mazda Tribute Hybrid SUVTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid
2007 Saturn Corporation Saturn "Green Line" Vue Hybrid SUV(2WD) 27 mpg (city)/32 mpg (highway)
2007 Mercury Mariner Hybrid SUV(4WD) 32 mpg (city)/29 mpg (highway)
2007 Toyota Toyota Highlander Hybrid SUV2WD 33 mpg (city)/28 mpg (highway)
4WD 31 mpg (city)/27 mpg (highway)
2007 Honda Honda Accord Hybrid Car25 mpg (city)/34 mpg (highway)
2007 Honda Honda Civic Hybrid Car49 mpg (city)/51 mpg (highway)
2007 Lexus Lexus GS 450h Car25 mpg (city)/28 mpg (highway)
2007 Toyota Toyota Camry Hybrid Car40 mpg (city)/38 mpg (highway)
2007 Toyota Toyota Prius Car48 mpg (city)/54 mpg (highway)
2007 Saturn Corporation Saturn "Green Line" Aura Hybrid Car28 mpg (city)/35 mpg (highway)
2007 Nissan Motor Company Nissan Altima HEVCar42 mpg (city)/36 mpg (highway)
2007 Chevrolet Chevy Silverado Classic 15 HybridTruck2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)
4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2007 GMC (automobile) GMC Sierra Classic 15 HybridTruck2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)
4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2008 Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro200H Bus
2008Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro400HBus
2008Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro500HBus
2008 Beiqi Foton/Eaton Corporation Beiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel–electric hybrid powertrains [11] Bus
2008 Hino Hino S'elega Hybrid (second generation)Bus
2008 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40 HybridBus
2008 Optare Optare Tempo Bus
2008 Volvo Volvo B5L HybridBus
2008 Wrightbus Wright Gemini 2 HEV Bus
2008 Cadillac Cadillac Escalade (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model)Automobile
2008 Chevrolet Chevrolet Malibu (BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009)Automobile
2008 Chevrolet Chevrolet Tahoe (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model, SUV, RWD/AWD)Automobile
2008 Chevrolet Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup, 2009 model)Automobile
2008 Dodge Dodge Durango (Global Hybrid Cooperation, SUV, 2009 model)Automobile
2008 GMC GMC Sierra Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model)Automobile
2008 GMC GMC Yukon Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model)Automobile
2008 Saturn Corporation Saturn AURA Green Line (mild hybrid, 2008–2010 modelAutomobile
2008 Toyota Toyota Crown hybridAutomobileRedsign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market
2008 BYD Auto BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market)Automobile
2008 Komatsu Limited Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavatorExcavator
2009 BMW BMW X6 ActiveHybrid Automobile Global Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid, US market
2009 Ford Ford Fusion Hybrid (2010 model year, midsize car)Automobile
2009 Honda Honda Insight (2010 model year, second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback)Automobile
2009 Lexus Lexus RX 450h Automobile2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation
2009 Lexus Lexus HS 250h/Toyota Sai Automobile2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybrid
2009 Lincoln-Mercury Mercury Milan Hybrid (2010 model, midsize car)Automobile
2009 Mercedes-Benz Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid)Automobile
2009 Toyota Toyota Prius Automobile3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine
2009 Phoenix Motorcars Phoenix Motorcars AutomobileStarts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the United States; no projected release date outside California yet
2009 Hyundai Motor Company Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid Automobilefirst hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only
2010s
2010 BMW BMW ActiveHybrid 7 (mild hybrid, lithium-ion battery)Automobile
2010 Fiat Fiat Panda hybrid fuel cell/battery Automobile
2010 Honda Honda CR-Z Automobile
2010 Honda Honda Fit Hybrid [12] Automobile
2010 Hyundai Hyundai Hybrid Automobile2011 model, sales began end of 2010
2010 Toyota Toyota Auris Hybrid Automobile2ZR-FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain
2010ToyotaToyota Highland hybridAutomobilerevised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model
2010 Mazda Mazda Tribute Crossover
2010 Lincoln Lincoln MKZ Hybrid Automobile2011 model
2010 Porsche Porsche Cayenne S Automobile2011 model, sales began end of 2010
2010 Chevrolet Volt Automobile2011 model
2010 Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro350H Bus
2010 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE35 HybridBus
2010 Optare Optare Versa Bus
2010 Porsche Porsche 918 Spyder Automobile2014 Model. 4.6L V8 engine + 2 electric motors – 823 bhp (614 kW; 834 PS). Plug-in hybrid.
2011HondaHonda Civic HybridAutomobile2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium-ion batter
2011 Hyundai Kia Optima Hybrid Automobile2011 model
2011 Infiniti Infiniti M35 Hybrid Automobile2011 model
2011 Toyota Toyota Prius v/Toyota Prius α Automobile2012 model. It will be called Prius + in Europe
2011 Toyota Toyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2012 model
2011 Volkswagen VW Touareg Hybrid SUV2012 model
2011 Fisker Automotive Fisker Karma plug-in hybrid Automobile2012 model
2011Lexus Lexus CT 200h hybridAutomobilesimilar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine
2011 Peugeot Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 AutomobileThe world's first production diesel–electric hybrid
2011 Peugeot Peugeot 508 RXH Automobile diesel–electric hybrid
2011Porsche Panamera S Hybrid Automobile2012 Model
2011 Citroën Citroën DS5 HYbrid4 Automobile diesel–electric hybrid
2011Mercedes-Benz E 300 Bluetec Hybrid, E 400 Hybrid Automobile2012 - 2016 Model Years. E 300 Bluetec Hybrid is a diesel–electric hybrid.
2011Toyota Toyota Aqua hybridAutomobileJapan only. Named Prius c in the rest of the world
2012BYD Qin plug-in hybridAutomobile
2012Toyota Toyota Prius c hybridAutomobileSeveral world markets except Europe
2012Toyota Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid AutomobileIt is based on the 2012 Prius third generation. Available in Japan, U.S. and Europe
2012Toyota Toyota Yaris Hybrid AutomobileEurope only. Available since June 2012. [13]
2012Toyota Toyota Camry Hybrid 2nd generation Automobile2012 model
2012Honda Acura ILX Hybrid
2012Toyota Lexus ES 300h Automobile2012 model
2012BMW BMW ActiveHybrid 5 2013 model
2012BMW BMW ActiveHybrid 3 2013 model
2012Ford Ford Fusion Hybrid 2nd generation Automobile2013 model
2012Ford Ford C-Max Hybrid Compact MPV 2013 model
2012Ford Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybridCompact MPV/SUV2013 model
2012Volvo Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid (diesel)WagonScheduled for November 2012 (Europe only)
2012Volkswagen Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid AutomobileScheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model
2012Toyota Toyota Avalon Hybrid Automobile2013 model year
2012 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 HybridBus
2013Ford Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybridAutomobileU.S. sales scheduled to begin by early 2013.
2013Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV SUV Sales scheduled to begin in the Japanese market in the first half of 2013
2013Honda Accord Hybrid Automobile2014 Model Year
2013Honda Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid Automobile2014 Model Year
2013BMW BMW i3 RExAutomobileThis is the plug-in hybrid version of all-electric car scheduled for late 2013
2013Fisker Fisker Surf Production is scheduled for 2013
2013General Motors Cadillac ELR plug-in hybridAutomobileScheduled for U.S. market launch by late 2013 as a 2014 model year.
2013 McLaren McLaren P1 Automobile3.8L Twin-turbo V8 engine with KERS – 903 bhp (673 kW; 916 PS). Can run on battery alone.
2013 Ferrari LaFerrari Automobile2014 Model Year. All Sold. 6.3L V12 engine with KERS – 963 bhp (718 kW; 976 PS).
2013Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid Automobile2014 Model Year
2013Roewe 550 PHEV Automobile
2014Audi A3 Sportback e-tron Automobile
2014BMW BMW i8 AutomobileRetail deliveries began in June 2014
2014Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid SUV2015 Model Year
2014Volkswagen XL1 AutomobileLimited run of 250 vehicles.
2014Volkswagen Golf GTE Automobile
2015BMW BMW 225xe iPerformance AutomobileRetail deliveries began late 2015
2015BMW X5 xDrive 40e iPerformance SUV2016 Model Year
2015BYD Tang SUV
2015Chevrolet Volt Automobile2016 Model Year
2015Hyundai Sonata PHEV Automobile2016 Model Year
2014Audi Q7 e-tron SUV
2015Mercedes-Benz C350e Automobile2016 Model Year
2015Mercedes-Benz GLC 350e SUV2016 Model Year
2015Mercedes-Benz GLE 550e SUV2016 Model Year
2015Mercedes-Benz S500e Automobile2016 Model Year
2015Mercedes-Benz C350e Automobile2016 Model Year
2015Toyota RAV4 SUV2016 Model Year
2015Volvo XC90 T8 SUV2016 Model Year
2015Volkswagen Passat GTE Automobile
2016BMW BMW 330e iPerformance AutomobileRetail deliveries began 2016
2016BMW 740e iPerformance Automobile2017 Model Year
2016Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Van2017 Model Year
2016Ferrari LaFerrari ApertaAutomobile2016 Model Year.
2016Hyundai Hyundai Ioniq AutomobileRetail deliveries began 2016
2016Kia Niro SUV2017 Model Year
2016Kia Optima PHEV Automobile2017 Model Year
2016Toyota Prius Prime Automobile2017 Model Year
2016Volvo S90 T8 Automobile2017 Model Year
2016Zinoro 60H Automobile
2017Honda/Acura Honda NSX Automobile2017 Model Year. Released March 14, 2016. 3.5L V6 engine – 573 bhp (427 kW; 581 PS).
2017Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid Automobile2017 Model Year.
2017Mini Countryman S E ALL4 PHEV SUV2018 Model Year.
2017Volvo XC60 T8 SUV2018 Model Year.
2017LEVC TX AutomobileLondon Taxi; Range extender series hybrid
2017Lexus LC500h Automobile2018 Model Year and first car to employ a dual transmission (CVT and 4-speed automatic)
2017Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid Automobile
2018Land Rover Range Rover P400e SUV2019 Model Year.
2018Toyota Corolla Hybrid Automobile2019 Model Year.
2020s
2020Fiat 500 Hybrid Automobilemild hybrid
2020Ford F-150 PowerBoost Truck2021 Model Year.
2020Toyota Sienna Van2021 Model Year.
2020Toyota Venza SUV2021 Model Year.
2020Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid SUV2021 Model Year.
2021Opel Astra Hybrid Automobile2022 Model Year
2022Ford Maverick Truck2022 Model Year
2022Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid SUV2022 Model Year
2022Toyota Innova Zenix Hybrid MPV2022 Model Year
2023Toyota Tacoma Truck2024 Model Year

Early designs: 1899–1917

Buses

Date unknown

Hybrid Volvo 7700H bus at the Czech Bus Fair 2011 Praha, Holesovice, Vystaviste, Czech Bus, hybridni autobus Volvo.jpg
Hybrid Volvo 7700H bus at the Czech Bus Fair 2011
Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K in Minsk, Belarus AKSM 4202K Vitovt hybrid bus (2).jpg
Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K in Minsk, Belarus

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferdinand Porsche</span> Bohemian-German automotive engineer and inventor (1875–1951)

Ferdinand Porsche was a German-Bohemian automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche AG. He is best known for creating the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner–Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Auto Union racing cars, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, and several other important developments and Porsche automobiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid vehicle</span> Vehicle using two or more power sources

A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda Insight</span> Motor vehicle

The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that is manufactured and marketed by Honda. Its first generation was a two-door, two passenger liftback (1999–2006) and in its second generation was a four-door, five passenger liftback (2009–2014). In its third generation, it became a four-door sedan (2018–2022). It was Honda's first model with Integrated Motor Assist system and the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability — for the length of its production run.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Motors EV1</span> Motor vehicle

The General Motors EV1 is an electric car produced and leased by General Motors from 1996 to 1999. It was the first purpose-designed electric vehicle of the modern era from a major automaker and the first GM car designed to be an electric vehicle from the outset.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota RAV4 EV</span> All-electric compact crossover SUV

The Toyota RAV4 EV is an all-electric version of the popular RAV4 SUV produced by Toyota until 2014. Two generations of the EV model were sold in California, and to fleets elsewhere in the US, with a gap of almost ten years between them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plug-in hybrid</span> Hybrid vehicle whose battery may be externally charged

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a type of hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a rechargeable battery pack that can be replenished by connecting a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engine-powered generator. While PHEVs are predominantly passenger cars, there are also plug-in hybrid variants of sports cars, commercial vehicles, vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, mopeds, military vehicles and boats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda Clarity</span> Motor vehicle

The Honda Clarity is a nameplate used by Honda on alternative fuel vehicles. It was initially used only on hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles such as the 2008 Honda FCX Clarity, but in 2017 the nameplate was expanded to include the battery-electric Honda Clarity Electric and the plug-in hybrid electric Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid, in addition to the next generation Honda Clarity Fuel Cell. Clarity production ended in August 2021 with US leases for the fuel cell variant continuing through to 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid electric bus</span> Bus that combines internal combustion and electric propulsion systems

A hybrid electric bus is a bus that combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. These type of buses normally use a Diesel-electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid Diesel-electric buses.

Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles. A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid electric vehicle</span> Type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each function as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks, buses, boats and aircraft also exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alternative fuel vehicle</span> Type of vehicle

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lohner–Porsche</span> Motor vehicle

Lohner–Porsche is a term encompassing several electric vehicles designed by Ferdinand Porsche and manufactured at Lohner-Werke in the early 1900s. They include the first hybrid electric vehicle and the first commercial hub motor car. The hybrid "Mixed" or "Mixte" racecars are powered by a gasoline engine which drives four electric motors, one in each wheel hub. The battery-powered "Touring" or "Chaise" commercial cars utilize only two front-wheel hub motors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuel cell bus</span> Hydrogen powered bus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">BYD F3DM</span> Motor vehicle

The BYD F3DM (Dual-mode) is a plug-in hybrid compact sedan manufactured by BYD with an all-electric range of 60 kilometres (37 mi) and a hybrid electric powertrain that can extend the range an additional 480 kilometres (300 mi). The F3DM is the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid automobile and went on sale to government agencies and corporations in China on December 15, 2008. During its first year in the market the F3DM plug-in sold only 48 vehicles. Sales to the general public began in Shenzhen in March 2010, and 417 units were sold during 2010. Cumulative sales in China reached 3,284 units through October 2013, when sales ended, and only 11 units were sold in Europe through October 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombardier Transportation Austria</span>

Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH is an Austrian subsidiary company of Bombardier Transportation located in Vienna, Austria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinetic energy recovery system</span> Automotive brake energy system

A kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking. The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir for later use under acceleration. Examples include complex high end systems such as the Zytek, Flybrid, Torotrak and Xtrac used in Formula One racing and simple, easily manufactured and integrated differential based systems such as the Cambridge Passenger/Commercial Vehicle Kinetic Energy Recovery System (CPC-KERS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Range extender</span> Fuel-based auxiliary power unit that extends the range of a battery electric vehicle

A range extender is a fuel-based auxiliary power unit (APU) that extends the range of a battery electric vehicle by driving an electric generator that charges the vehicle's battery. This arrangement is known as a series hybrid drivetrain. The most commonly used range extenders are internal combustion engines, but fuel-cells or other engine types can be used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Range anxiety</span> Fear of insufficient vehicle range, especially in electric vehicles

Range anxiety is the driver's fear that a vehicle has insufficient energy storage to cover the road distance needed to reach its intended destination, and would thus strand the vehicle's occupants mid-way. The term, which is now primarily used in reference to the practical driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), is considered to be one of the major psychological barriers to large-scale public adoption of electric cars.

Ludwig Lohner ran his family's company as it became one of the first manufacturers of cars and airplanes in Austria-Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solaris Urbino 18 electric</span> Motor vehicle

Solaris Urbino 18 electric is a low-floor, articulated city bus of the MEGA class, with an electric driveline, manufactured since 2014 by Polish producer Solaris Bus & Coach in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznań. It is a member of the Solaris Urbino city bus family.

References

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  2. ↑ Lösch, Annamaria, ed. (1981), "Electric Cars", World Cars 1981, Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books: 44, ISBN   0-910714-13-4
  3. ↑ Ago, Masterlukein #cars • 4 Years (2018-03-27). "Alfa Romeo 33 Hybrid, 10 years before the Prius!!". Steemit. Retrieved 2022-07-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  5. ↑ Cars, Story (2021-11-05). "1995 Fiat Vanzic". Story Cars. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
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  7. ↑ DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ "Hybrid - Hino Australia". Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
  9. ↑ "E-One: Rescues". Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-11-06.
  10. ↑ "Update on Eaton Medium-Duty Electric Hybrids". Green Car Congress.
  11. ↑ "Eaton Corporation Introduces Its First Commercially Available Hybrid Power System in China with Beiqi Foton Bus Company and Guangzhou Yiqi Bus: (The following news release was also issued by Eaton in China on Jan. 14)". Archived from the original on 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
  12. ↑ "Honda to Begin Sales of Two More Hybrid Models in 2010" (Press release). Honda. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  13. ↑ Philippe Crowe (2012-06-25). "France-Sourced Toyota Yaris US-Bound in 2013". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
  14. Edelstein, Stephen. "Do hybrid or electric supercars still have to roar to be taken seriously?". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  15. ↑ (in French) Les voitures hybrides dans l'histoire Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine on automania.be.
  16. ↑ History of Hybrid Vehicles | Hybrid Cars Archived 2009-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
  17. 1 2 "The 1899 Lohner Porsche, the first Hybrid Vehicle?".
  18. ↑ Extract of A. J. Wallis-Tayler, Motor vehicles for business purposes; A practical handbook for those interested in the transport of passengers and goods, 1905
  19. ↑ "CASTROSUA Fabricante de carrocer as de autobuses y autocares". www.castrosua.com.
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  22. ↑ "Scania testing unique hybrid buses in Stockholm - Scania". Archived from the original on 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  23. ↑ "WPK » Kolejne solarisy w Sosnowcu". www.wpk.katowice.pl.
  24. ↑ "Solaris will supply first hybrid bus in Poland to MPK Poznan Transportweekly . Com". www.transportweekly.com.
  25. ↑ AG, Regionalbus Lenzburg. "Hybrid-Gelenkbus Solaris U18 H2 « Fahrzeugpark « Zahlen und Fakten « Über uns « Regionalbus Lenzburg AG". www.rbl.ch.
  26. ↑ "Tecnobus – Autobus e minibus per il trasporto pubblico". www.tecnobus.it. Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  27. ↑ "Hybrid - Hybrid : Volvo Buses". Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  28. ↑ "China's New Hybrid Cars: Almost Affordable in China".
  29. ↑ "Chang'an Motors - First Chinese Hybrid Car Manufacturer Continues Momentum - CleanCarTalk". Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
  30. ↑ "В СЛУЦКЕ СОСТОЯЛАСЬ ЦЕРЕМОНИЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ГИБРИДНОГО АВТОБУСА БЕЛКОММУНМАШ". 2019-08-01.
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