List of hybrid vehicles

Last updated

The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline-electric hybrid automobile. Lohner Porsche.jpg
The Lohner–Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline–electric hybrid automobile.

This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s).

Contents

This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.

Automobiles

Overview by decade

YearCompanyNameTypeCommentsMPG
Pre-1950
1899 Jacob Lohner & Co. Automobile
1900 Pieper of Belgium Automobile
1901 Jacob Lohner & Co. Lohner–Porsche Automobile
1905 Fischer Motor Vehicle Co. Petrol–electric OmnibusBus
1906 Auto-Mixte AutomobilePieper patent
1907 AL (French car)Automobile
1911 Tilling-Stevens TTA1 petrol–electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes)BusPetrol–electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running
1915 Owen Magnetic Touring CarAutomobileThe 'Car of a Thousand Speeds'
1915 Woods Motor Vehicle Dual Power Model 44Automobile
1950s
1951Compagnie Normande d'Etudes Arbel AutomobileA petrol–electric hybrid powered on the Lohner–Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version.
1960s
1969 Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz OE 302Bus
1969 General Motors General Motors XP-883 Automobile
1970s
1970 Lviv Bus Factory LAZ 360EMBusFirst and last low floor Soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and only one example was made.
1972 Towns Microdot Automobile
1979 Fiat Fiat 131 Ibrida [1] AutomobileFiat hybrid prototype, 903 cc engine mated to a 24 kW (33 PS; 32 hp) DC
1980s
1980 Daihatsu Motor Co. Daihatsu Charmant HybridAutomobileThis four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged the batteries, and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration. [2]
1986 Twike AutomobileThe Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the United States (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).
1986 Honda Gaselle AutomobileThe Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.
1988 Alfa Romeo 33 Ibrida [3] [4] Automobile
1990s
1991 Hino Hino Blue Ribbon HIMRBus
1992 Volvo Cars Volvo ECC AutomobileGas turbine–electric
1993 Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generationBus
1993 Hino Model unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation.Truck
1995 Fiat Vanzic [5] AutomobileElectric motor with the assistance of a thermal energy generator
1995 Nissan Nissan Diesel UA ERIPBus
1996 Isuzu Isuzu Cubic CHASSEBus
1996 Gillig Corporation Gillig Phantom HybridBus
1997Audi Audi A4 Avant Duo AutomobileFirst production Audi Hybrid, third generation of the "Duo" hybrid powertrain, PHEV
1997 Toyota Toyota Coaster Hybrid EVBusFirst Japanese series hybrid bus
1997 Toyota Toyota Prius (Japanese market only)Automobile
1998 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE40LF (diesel–electric hybrid bus), originally called "H40LF"Bus
1999 Honda Honda Insight Automobile
1999 Orion International Orion VI HybridBus
2000s
2000 Nissan Tino HybridAutomobile1.769L QG18DE 74kW petrol engine and EM29 17kW electric motor
2000 Fiat Multipla Hybrid Power [6] AutomobileThermal engine and electric motor
2000 Toyota Toyota Prius (introduced to US market)Automobile1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001–2003 model
2001 Toyota Toyota Crown (Japan only)Automobile Mild hybrid
2001 Toyota Toyota Estima (Japan only)Automobile
2002 Honda Honda Civic Hybrid Automobile Mild hybrid, 2003 model
2002? Mazda Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only)AutomobileUsed the electric motor for traction assistance [7]
2002 Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generationBus
2002 Nova Bus Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)Bus
2002 Motor Coach Industries MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)Bus
2002 Wrightbus Wright Electrocity Bus
2002 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE60LFBus
2003 Hino Hino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck
2003 Orion International Orion VII hybrid bus [8] Bus
2003 TransBus International TransBus Enviro200HBus
2003 Suzuki Suzuki Twin Automobile
2003 Toyota Toyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only)Automobile
2003 Toyota Toyota Prius Automobile(5-seat midsize, 2004–2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008))48 mpg (city)
45 mpg (highway)
2003 Toyota Dyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid)Automobile
2004 Chevrolet Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid Automobile Mild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories
2004 Ford Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)SUV
2004 Honda Honda Accord Hybrid Automobile Mild hybrid, 2005–2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales25 mpg (city)
34 mpg (highway)
2004 Toyota Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck
2004 New Flyer Industries New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline–electric hybrid bus)Bus
2004 Hino Hino S'elega R HybridBus
2004 Hino Hino Blue Ribbon City HybridBus
2004 Gillig Corporation Gillig Low Floor HybridBus
2005 Honda Honda Civic Hybrid Automobile2006 model, second generation49 mpg (city)
51 mpg (highway)
2005 Lexus Lexus RX 400h Automobile2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine(AWD) 27 mpg (city)
25 mpg (highway)
2005 Toyota Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid Automobile2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine2WD
33 mpg (city)
28 mpg (highway)
4WD
31 mpg (city)
27 mpg (highway)
2005 Mercury automobile Mercury Mariner hybridAutomobileTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)
2006 IC Corporation IC Corporation Hybrid School BusBus
2006 Nova Bus Nova Bus LFS HEVBus
2006 Wrightbus Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV Bus
2006 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE40LFRBus
2006 Saturn Corporation Saturn Vue Green Line Automobile BAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model(2WD) 27 mpg (city)
32 mpg (highway)
2006 Lexus Lexus GS 450h Automobile2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine 25 mpg (city)
28 mpg (highway)
2006 Toyota Toyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine 40 mpg (city)
38 mpg (highway)
2006 Toyota Toyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only)AutomobileIt is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus.
2006 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation Canter Eco Hybrid Truck
2006 International FTTS Truck
2007 New Flyer Industries New Flyer DE60LFRBus
2007 Lexus Lexus LS600hLAutomobile2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine
2007 Nissan Nissan Altima AutomobileLicensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive 42 mpg (city)
36 mpg (highway)
2007 Toyota Toyota Highlander/Kluger Hybrid Automobile2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2007 Hino Hybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia. [9] Truck
2007E-OneE-ONE [10] Hybrid Command CenterTruck
2007 Eaton Corporation Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners [11] Truck
2007 Ford Ford Escape Hybrid SUV2008 model year(2WD) 36 mpg (city)

31 mpg (highway)
(4WD) 32 mpg (city) 29 mpg (highway)

2007 Mazda Mazda Tribute Hybrid SUVTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid
2007 Mercury automobile Mercury Mariner Hybrid SUVTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid
2008 Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro200H Bus
2008Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro400HBus
2008Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro500HBus
2008 Beiqi Foton/Eaton Corporation Beiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel–electric hybrid powertrains [12] Bus
2008 Hino Hino S'elega Hybrid (second generation)Bus
2008 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40 HybridBus
2008 Optare Optare Tempo Bus
2008 Volvo Volvo B5L HybridBus
2008 Wrightbus Wright Gemini 2 HEV Bus
2008 Chevrolet Chevrolet Malibu Automobile BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009
2008 Buick Buick Lacrosse HybridAutomobile BAS, mild hybrid, Chinese market only, Twin of Chevrolet Malibu
2008 Cadillac Cadillac Escalade (2009 model)SUV Global Hybrid Cooperation
2008 Chevrolet Chevrolet Tahoe (2008 model)SUV Global Hybrid Cooperation, RWD/AWD
2008 GMC GMC Yukon Hybrid (2008 model)SUVGlobal Hybrid Cooperation
2008 Chevrolet Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (2009 model)TruckGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup 2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)
4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2008 GMC GMC Sierra Hybrid (2009 model)Truck Global Hybrid Cooperation 2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)
4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2008 Dodge Dodge Durango Hybrid (2009 model)SUV Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model only, Estimated overall production figures for the Durango and Aspen hybrid is around 800 cars [13]
2008 Chrysler Chrysler Aspen Hybrid (2009 model)SUVTwin of Dodge Durango Hybrid
2008 Saturn Corporation Saturn Vue Green Line (2008–2010 model)Automobile BAS, mild hybrid
2008 Saturn Corporation Saturn AURA Green Line (2008–2010 model)Automobile BAS, mild hybrid 28 mpg (city)

35 mpg (highway)

2008 Toyota Toyota Crown hybridAutomobileRedsign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market
2008 BYD Auto BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market)Automobile
2008 Komatsu Limited Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavatorExcavator
2009 BMW BMW X6 ActiveHybrid (US market)Automobile Global Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid
2009 Ford Ford Fusion Hybrid Automobile2010 model year
2009 Lincoln-Mercury Mercury Milan HybridAutomobileTwin of Ford Fusion Hybrid
2009 Honda Honda Insight (2010 model year)AutomobileSecond-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback
2009 Lexus Lexus RX 450h Automobile2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation
2009 Lexus Lexus HS 250h/Toyota Sai Automobile2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybrid
2009 Mercedes-Benz Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid Automobile Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid
2009 Mercedes-Benz Mercedes ML 450 Hybrid 4MATIC SUV Global Hybrid Cooperation
2009 Toyota Toyota Prius Automobile3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine51 mpg (city)

48 mpg (highway)

2009 Phoenix Motorcars Phoenix Motorcars AutomobileStarts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the United States; no projected release date outside California yet
2009 Hyundai Motor Company Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid Automobilefirst hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only
2010s
2010 BMW BMW ActiveHybrid 7 AutomobileMild hybrid, lithium-ion battery
2010 Fiat Fiat Panda hybrid fuel cell/battery Automobile
2010 Honda Honda CR-Z Automobile
2010 Honda Honda Fit Hybrid [14] AutomobileJapanese and European market only
2010 Hyundai Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Automobile2011 model, sales began end of 2010
2010 Toyota Toyota Auris Hybrid Automobile2ZR-FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain
2010 Toyota Toyota Highlander hybrid Automobilerevised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model
2010 Lincoln Lincoln MKZ Hybrid Automobile2011 model, twin of Ford Fusion Hybrid
2010 Porsche Porsche Cayenne S Automobile2011 model, sales began end of 2010
2010 Chevrolet Volt Automobile2011 model, also called Opel Ampera
2010 Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis Enviro350H Bus
2010 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE35 HybridBus
2010 Optare Optare Versa Bus
2010 Porsche Porsche 918 Spyder Automobile2014 Model. 4.6L V8 engine + 2 electric motors – 823 bhp (614 kW; 834 PS)
2011 Honda Honda Civic Hybrid Automobile2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium-ion battery
2011 Kia Kia Optima Hybrid Automobile2011 model, Twin of Hyundai Sonata Hybrid
2011 Infiniti Infiniti M35 Hybrid Automobile2011 model
2011 Toyota Toyota Prius v/Toyota Prius α Automobile2012 model. It will be called Prius + in Europe
2011 Toyota Toyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2012 model
2011 Volkswagen VW Touareg Hybrid SUV2012 model
2011 Fisker Automotive Fisker Karma Automobile2012 model
2011 Toyota Crown Automobile2012 model, Japanese and Chinese market
2011 Lexus Lexus CT 200h hybridAutomobilesimilar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine
2011 Peugeot Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 AutomobileThe world's first production diesel–electric hybrid
2011 Peugeot Peugeot 508 RXH Automobile diesel–electric hybrid
2011 Citroën Citroën DS5 HYbrid4 Automobile diesel–electric hybrid
2011Porsche Panamera S Hybrid Automobile2012 Model
2011Audi A8 Hybrid Automobile2012 model
2011Audi A6 Hybrid Automobile2012 model
2011Audi Q5 Hybrid SUV2012 model
2011Mercedes-Benz E 300 Bluetec Hybrid, E 400 Hybrid Automobile2012 - 2016 model years. E 300 Bluetec Hybrid is a diesel–electric hybrid
2011Toyota Toyota Prius c/Toyota Aqua AutomobileSeveral world markets except Europe, called Aqua in Japan
2011Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid Automobile2011 model year, mild hybrid using GM eAssist
2012Buick LaCrosse Hybrid Automobile2012 model year, twin of Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid
2012Buick Regal Automobile2012 model year, mild hybrid using GM eAssist
2012Toyota Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid AutomobileIt is based on the 2012 Prius third generation. Available in Japan, U.S. and Europe
2012Toyota Toyota Yaris Hybrid AutomobileEurope only. Available since June 2012. [15]
2012Lexus Lexus ES 300h Automobile2012 model
2012Lexus Lexus GS 450h Automobile2012 model
2012Honda Acura ILX Hybrid Automobile
2012BYD Qin plug-in hybridAutomobile
2012BMW BMW ActiveHybrid 5 Automobile2013 model
2012BMW BMW ActiveHybrid 3 Automobile2013 model
2012Ford Ford Fusion Hybrid Automobile2013 model
2012Lincoln MKZ Hybrid Automobile2013 model, twin of Ford Fusion Hybrid
2012Ford Ford C-Max Hybrid Compact MPV 2013 model
2012Ford Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybridCompact MPV/SUV2013 model
2012Volvo Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid (diesel)WagonScheduled for November 2012 (Europe only)
2012Volkswagen Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid AutomobileScheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model
2012Toyota Toyota Avalon Hybrid Automobile2013 model year
2012 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 HybridBus
2013Ford Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybridAutomobileU.S. sales scheduled to begin by early 2013
2013Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV SUV Sales scheduled to begin in the Japanese market in the first half of 2013
2013Honda Honda Accord Hybrid Automobile2014 model year
2013Honda Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid Automobile2014 model year
2013Honda Honda Fit Hybrid Automobile2014 model year, Japanese Market only
2013Honda Honda City / Grace Hybrid Automobile2014 model year, Japanese / Malaysian Market only
2013Honda Vezel / HR-V hybrid SUVJapanese Market only, 2014 model year
2013Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid SUV2014 model year, canceled within the same year or the next depending on country
2013Subaru Crosstrek Hybrid SUV2014 model year
2013BMW BMW i3 RExAutomobileThis is the plug-in hybrid version of all-electric car scheduled for late 2013
2013Fisker Fisker Surf Production is scheduled for 2013
2013Cadillac Cadillac ELR plug-in hybridAutomobileScheduled for U.S. market launch by late 2013 as a 2014 model year, Related to Chevy Volt
2013 McLaren McLaren P1 Automobile3.8L Twin-turbo V8 engine with KERS – 903 bhp (673 kW; 916 PS). Can run on battery alone
2013 Ferrari LaFerrari Automobile2014 model year. 6.3L V12 engine with KERS – 963 bhp (718 kW; 976 PS)
2013Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid Automobile2014 model year
2013Roewe 550 PHEV Automobile
2014Chevrolet Impala Automobile2014 model year, mild hybrid with eAssist, discontinued in 2015 due to poor sales
2014Acura RLX Sport Hybrid Automobile2014 model year
2014Lexus NX 300h SUV2015 model year
2014Nissan X-Trail Hybrid SUV2015 model year, for the Asian market
2014Infiniti Q70 Automobile2014 model year, rename of Infiniti M35 Hybrid
2014Infiniti Q50 Automobile2014 model year
2014Infiniti QX60 SUV2014 model year
2014BMW BMW i8 AutomobileRetail deliveries began in June 2014
2014BMW BMW 530 LE Automobile2015 model, Chinese market
2014Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid SUV2015 model year
2014Audi Q7 e-tron SUV
2014Audi A3 Sportback e-tron Automobile
2014Volkswagen Golf GTE AutomobileShares the same powertrain as the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron
2014Volkswagen XL1 AutomobileLimited run of 250 vehicles
2015BMW BMW 225xe iPerformance AutomobileRetail deliveries began late 2015
2015BMW X5 xDrive 40e iPerformance SUV2016 model year
2015BMW X1 xDrive 25LE SUV2016 model year, Chinese market
2015BYD Tang SUV
2015Chevrolet Volt Automobile2016 model year
2015Hyundai Sonata PHEV Automobile2016 model year
2015Kia Optima Hybrid Automobile2016 model year, twin of Hyundai Sonota, but is not a PHEV
2015Mercedes-Benz C350e Automobile2016 model year
2015Mercedes-Benz GLC 350e SUV2016 model year
2015Mercedes-Benz GLE 550e SUV2016 model year
2015Mercedes-Benz S500e Automobile2016 model year
2015Toyota Prius Automobile2016 model year
2015Toyota RAV4 SUV2016 model year
2015Lexus RX 450h SUV2016 model year
2015Nissan Murano Hybrid SUV2016 model year
2015Volvo XC90 T8 SUV2016 model year
2015Volkswagen Passat GTE Automobile
2016BMW BMW 330e iPerformance AutomobileRetail deliveries began 2016
2016BMW 740e iPerformance Automobile2017 model year
2016BMW 530e iPerformance Automobile2017 model year
2016Mercedes E 350e Automobile2017 model year
2016Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Van2017 model year
2016Chevrolet Malibu HybridAutomobile2016 model year, first full hybrid of Malibu
2016Chevrolet Silverado HybridTruck2016 model year, mild hybrid with eAssist, California only 2016, only certain states 2017
2016GMC Sierra HybridTruck2016 model year, twin of Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid
2016Ferrari LaFerrari ApertaAutomobile2016 model year
2016Koenigsegg Regera Automobile2016 model year, utilizes 3 electric motors and a single speed gearbox
2016Hyundai Hyundai Ioniq AutomobileRetail deliveries began 2016
2016Kia Niro SUV2017 model year
2016Kia Optima PHEV Automobile2017 model year, Twin of Hyundai Sonata PHEV
2016Toyota Prius Prime Automobile2017 model year, PHEV version of Prius
2016Volvo S90 T8 Automobile2017 model year
2016Volvo V90 T8 Wagon2017 model year
2016Zinoro 60H Automobile
2017Honda/Acura Honda NSX Automobile2017 model year. Released March 14, 2016. 3.5L V6 engine – 573 bhp (427 kW; 581 PS).
2017Honda/Acura Acura MDX Sport Hybrid SUV2017 model year
2017Honda CR-V SUV2018 model year
2017Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid Automobile2017 model year
2017Honda Accord Hybrid Automobile2018 model year
2017Toyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2018 model year
2017Nissan Rouge Hybrid SUV2017 model year, canceled in 2020 due to slow sales, related to the earlier Nissan X-Trail Hybrid for Asia
2017Mini Countryman S E ALL4 PHEV SUV2018 model year
2017Volvo XC60 T8 SUV2018 model year
2017LEVC TX AutomobileLondon Taxi; Range extender series hybrid
2017Lexus LS500h Automobile2018 model year
2017Lexus LC500h Automobile2018 model year and first car to employ a dual transmission (CVT and 4-speed automatic)
2017Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid Automobile
2018Buick LaCrosse Automobile2018 model year, twin of Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid, but different drivetrain, still a mild hybrid and uses eAssist in the US and a different system in China
2018Land Rover Evoque P300e SUV2019 model year
2018?Jaguar E-Pace P300e SUV2019 model year
2018Land Rover Range Rover P400e SUV2019 model year
2018?Jaguar F-Pace P400e SUV2019 model year
2018Volvo XC40 Recharge SUV2019 model year, Recharge trim also used for the full EV
2018Volvo S60 T8 TE Automobile2019 model year
2018Audi A6 & A6 Allroad Automobile2019 model year, PHEV and MHEV
2018BMW X5 SUV2019 model year, PHEV
2018BMW X1 xDrive25e SUV2019 model year, PHEV, continuation of 2016 Chinese market BMW X1 for all markets
2018BMW 330e Automobile2019 model year, PHEV
2018Mercedes A 250 e Automobile2019 model year
2018Mercedes B 250 e Automobile2019 model year
2018Mercedes GLE 350e/ 350de/ 400e/ AMG 53 Hybrid SUV2019 model year
2018Mercedes - AMG GT 63 S E-Performance Automobile2019 model year
2018Subaru Crosstrek Hybrid SUV2019 model year (2nd generation, US market compliance car)
2018Subaru Crosstrek eBOXER SUV2019 model year, European market
2018Subaru Forester eBOXER SUV2019 model year, European market
2018Honda Insight Automobile2019 model year
2018Toyota Corolla Hybrid Automobile2019 model year
2018Toyota Rav4 Hybrid Automobile2019 model year, HEV and PHEV
2018Toyota Crown Automobile2019 model year, Asian Market
2018Lexus UX 250h/260h SUV2019 model year
2018Kia Forte Hybrid Automobile2019 model year
2018Hyundai Kona Hybrid SUV2019 model year
2019Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Automobile2020 model year
2019Volvo V60 T8 Wagon2020 model year
2019Honda Fit / Jazz Automobile2020 model year, Asian and European market
2019Honda City Automobile2020 model year, Asian market
2019Lexus LM 300h Van2020 model year, Japanese market
2019Lincoln Aviator PHEV SUV2020 model year
2019Lincoln Corsair PHEV SUV2020 model year
2019Jeep Wrangler SUV2019-2020 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing FCA's eTorque BAS system
2019Ram 1500 Truck2019 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing FCA's eTorque BAS system
2019Bentley Bentayga SUV2019 model year
2019Bentley Flying Spur Automobile2019 model year
2019Audi Q8 TFSI e quattro SUV2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV
2019Audi Q5 SUV2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV
2019Audi A8 Automobile2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV
2019Lamborghini Sian FKP 37 Automobile2020 model year, under 100 cars produced, uses supercapacitors instead of a battery
2019BMW X3 xDrive30e SUV2020 model year, PHEV
2019BMW X2 xDrive 25e SUV2020 model year, PHEV
2019Mercedes CLA 250e Automobile2020 model year
2019Mercedes GLA 250e SUV2020 model year
2020s
2020Jeep Renegade SUV2021 model year, European Market, Fiat Global Small Engine
2020Jeep Compass 4xe SUV2021 model year, European Market, Fiat Global Small Engine
2020Fiat 500 Hybrid Automobilemild hybrid
2020Ferrari SF90 Stradale Automobile2020 model year
2020Ford Explorer SUV2020 model year
2020Ford Escape SUV2020 model year, hybrid and PHEV variants
2020Ford F-150 PowerBoost Truck2021 model year
2020McLaren Speedtail Automobile2020 model year
2020Land Rover Range Rover MHEV SUV2021 model year, all models use the same MHEV engines (3.0L i6 or diesel varients)
2020Audi A7 TFSIe Automobile2021 model year, PHEV
2020Audi A3 Automobile2021 model year, PHEV and MHEV
2020Audi Q3 Automobile2021 model year, PHEV
2020Volkswagen Touareg eHybrid SUV2021 model year, PHEV
2020Volkswagen Tiguan eHybrid SUV2021 model year, PHEV
2020Volkswagen Arteon eHybrid Automobile2021 model year, PHEV
2020Volkswagen Golf GTE / TSI eHybrid Automobile2021 model year, PHEV
2020Mercedes S 450e/ 580e Automobile2021 model year
2020Honda Vezel / HR-V SUV2021 model year, Asian and European markets
2020Toyota Sienna Van2021 model year
2020Toyota Venza SUV2021 model year
2020Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid SUV2021 model year
2020Hyundai Santa Fe SUV2021 model year
2020Hyundai Elantra Automobile2021 model year
2020Hyundai Tucson SUV2021-2022 model year, depending on country, both MHEV, HEV, and PHEV variants
2020Kia Sorento SUV2021 model year
2020Kia K5 Automobile2021 model year
2020Kia Carnival Van2021 model year
2021Lamborghini Countach Automobile2022 model year, same drivetrain as the Sian, only 112 units sold
2021Volkswagen Multivan Van2022 model year, PHEV
2021Mercedes C 300e/ 63 AMG S E- Performance Automobile2022 model year
2021Mercedes GLC 300e/ 300de/ 350e/ 400e/ AMG 63 SUV2022 model year
2021Toyota Tundra Truck2022 model year
2021Nissan Qashqai e-Power SUV2022 model year
2021Nissan X-Trail E-Power SUV2022 model year
2021Lexus NX 350h/450h SUV2022 model year
2021Opel Astra Hybrid Automobile2022 model year
2021Fiat 500x SUV2022 model year, Europe market, Fiat Global Small Engine
2021Fiat Tipo SUV2022 model year, Europe market, Fiat Global Small Engine
2021Jeep Wrangler 4xe SUV2021 model year
2021Jeep Grand Cherokee SUV2022 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing eTorque BAS system
2022Jeep Wagoneer SUV2022 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing eTorque BAS system
2022Ford Maverick Truck2022 model year
2022Honda Accord Automobile2023 model year
2022Honda Civic Automobile2023 model year
2022Honda CR-V SUV2023 model year
2022Honda ZR-V SUV2023 model year, Asian market only
2022Suzuki Grand Vitara SUV2022 model year, Asian and African Markets
2022Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid SUVTwin of Suzuki Grand Vitara
2022Toyota Innova Zenix Hybrid MPV2022 model year, Asian Market
2022Toyota Sequoia SUV2023 model year, hybrid only powertrain
2022Toyota Crown Automobile2023 model year
2022Toyota Prius Automobile2023 model year, 5th generation, HEV and PHEV (Prius Prime)
2022Lexus RX 350h/500h/450h+ SUV2023 model year
2022Mazda CX-60 PHEV SUV2023 model year, first Mazda PHEV, sold everywhere but US
2022McLaren Artura Automobile2022 model year
2022Ferrari 296 GTB Automobile2022 model year
2022Alfa Romeo Tonale SUV2023 model year, Fiat Global Small Engine
2022Dodge Hornet R/T SUVTwin of Alfa Romeo Tonale
2022BMW 7 Series Automobile2023 model year, PHEV or MHEV for all engines
2022BMW XM SUV2023 model year, PHEV
2022Genesis G90 E-Supercharged Automobile2023 model year, utilizes an electric supercharger
2022Kia Sportage SUV2023 model year
2023Hyundai Santa Fe SUV2024 model year
2023Hyundai Kona SUV2024 model year
2023Mazda MX-30 PHEV SUV2023 model year, EUDM and JDM only
2023Mazda CX-90 PHEV SUV2024 model year
2023Mazda CX-50 Hybrid SUV2024 model year, uses Toyota drivetrain
2023Lincoln Nautilus Hybrid SUV2024 model year
2023Toyota Tacoma Truck2024 model year
2023Toyota Land Cruiser SUV2024 model year
2023Toyota Grand Highlander SUV2024 model year
2023Lexus TX 500h/550h+ SUV2024 model year, Twin of the Toyota Grand Highlander
2023Lexus LBX SUV2024 model year, European and Japanese market
2023Lexus LM 300h/500h Van2024 model year, Japanese market
2023Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe SUV2023 model year
2023Lamborghini Revuelto Automobile2024 model year
2023Volkswagen Passat eHybrid Automobile2024 model year, PHEV and MHEV
2023BMW 5 Series Automobile2024 model year, PHEV or MHEV for all engines
2023Mercedes SL 63 S E-Performance Automobile2024 model year
2023Mercedes E 300e/ 300de/ 350e/ 53 hybrid+ Automobile2024 model year
2023Mercedes CLE 300e Automobile2024 model year
2023Mercedes - AMG GT63 S E-Performance Automobile2024 model year
2024Volkswagen Transporter / California Van2025 model year, PHEV
2024Toyota Crown Signia Wagon2025 model year, replaces the Toyota Venza
2024Toyota Camry Automobile2025 model year
2024Mazda CX-70 PHEV SUV2025 model year
2024Chevrolet Corvette E-Ray Automobile2024 model year
2024Koenigsegg Gemera AutomobileUpcoming car, single motor hybrid, 4 door
2025Aston Martin Valhalla AutomobileUpcoming car, proposed hybrid, 2025 model year
2025Porsche 911 Carrera GTS T-Hybrid Automobile2025 model year
2026Bugatti Tourbillion AutomobileUpcoming car, propose hybrid, 2026 model year

Early designs: 1899–1917

Buses

Date unknown

Hybrid Volvo 7700H bus at the Czech Bus Fair 2011 Praha, Holesovice, Vystaviste, Czech Bus, hybridni autobus Volvo.jpg
Hybrid Volvo 7700H bus at the Czech Bus Fair 2011
Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K in Minsk, Belarus AKSM 4202K Vitovt hybrid bus (2).jpg
Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K in Minsk, Belarus

Trucks

Watercraft

Aircraft

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferdinand Porsche</span> Bohemian-German automotive engineer and inventor (1875–1951)

Ferdinand Porsche was an Austrian-Bohemian-German automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche AG. He is best known for creating the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner–Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Auto Union racing cars, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, and several other important developments and Porsche automobiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid vehicle</span> Vehicle using two or more power sources

A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electric vehicle</span> Vehicle propelled by one or more electric motors

An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. The vehicle can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or can be powered autonomously by a battery or by converting fuel to electricity using a generator or fuel cells. EVs include road and rail vehicles, electric boats and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda Insight</span> Motor vehicle

The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that is manufactured and marketed by Honda. Its first generation was a two-door, two passenger liftback (1999–2006) and in its second generation was a four-door, five passenger liftback (2009–2014). In its third generation, it became a four-door sedan (2018–2022). It was Honda's first model with Integrated Motor Assist system and the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plug-in hybrid</span> Hybrid vehicle whose battery may be externally charged

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) or simply plug-in hybrid is a type of hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a rechargeable battery pack that can be directly replenished via a charging cable plugged into an external electric power source, in addition to charging internally by its on-board internal combustion engine-powered generator. While PHEVs are predominantly passenger cars, there are also plug-in hybrid variants of sports cars, commercial vehicles, vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, mopeds, military vehicles and boats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid electric bus</span> Bus that combines internal combustion and electric propulsion systems

A hybrid electric bus is a bus that combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. These type of buses normally use a Diesel–electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid Diesel–electric buses.

Mild hybrids (MHEV) are generally cars with an internal combustion engine (ICE) equipped with a minimally extended battery and an auxiliary electric combined motor and generator in a parallel hybrid configuration that is only enough for an electric-only mode of propulsion at slow speed and allow the engine to be stopped whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, and then restarted once power is required again. Mild hybrids may employ regenerative braking and some level of power assist to the internal combustion engine.

Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles. A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power, and can come in many configurations. For example, a hybrid may receive its energy by burning gasoline, but switch between an electric motor and a combustion engine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid electric vehicle</span> Type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks, buses, boats, and aircraft also exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alternative fuel vehicle</span> Vehicle not powered by petrol or diesel

An alternative fuel vehicle is a motor vehicle that runs on alternative fuel rather than traditional petroleum fuels. The term also refers to any technology powering an engine that does not solely involve petroleum. Because of a combination of factors, such as environmental and health concerns including climate change and air pollution, high oil-prices and the potential for peak oil, development of cleaner alternative fuels and advanced power systems for vehicles has become a high priority for many governments and vehicle manufacturers around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lohner–Porsche</span> Motor vehicle

Lohner–Porsche is a term encompassing several electric vehicles designed by Ferdinand Porsche and manufactured at Lohner-Werke in the early 1900s. They include the first hybrid electric vehicle and the first commercial hub motor car. The hybrid "Mixed" or "Mixte" racecars are powered by a gasoline engine which drives four electric motors, one in each wheel hub. The battery-powered "Touring" or "Chaise" commercial cars utilize only two front-wheel hub motors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuel cell bus</span> Hydrogen powered bus

A fuel cell bus is a bus that uses a hydrogen fuel cell as its power source for electrically driven wheels, sometimes augmented in a hybrid fashion with batteries or a supercapacitor. The only emission from the bus is water. Several cities around the world have trialled and tested fuel cell buses, with over 5,600 buses in use worldwide, the majority of which are in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BYD F3DM</span> Motor vehicle

The BYD F3DM (Dual-mode) is a plug-in hybrid compact sedan manufactured by BYD with an all-electric range of 60 kilometres (37 mi) and a hybrid electric powertrain that can extend the range an additional 480 kilometres (300 mi). The F3DM is the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid automobile and went on sale to government agencies and corporations in China on December 15, 2008. During its first year in the market the F3DM plug-in sold only 48 vehicles. Sales to the general public began in Shenzhen in March 2010, and 417 units were sold during 2010. Cumulative sales in China reached 3,284 units through October 2013, when sales ended, and only 11 units were sold in Europe through October 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombardier Transportation Austria</span>

Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH is an Austrian subsidiary company of Bombardier Transportation located in Vienna, Austria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinetic energy recovery system</span> Automotive brake energy system

A kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking. The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir for later use under acceleration. Examples include complex high end systems such as the Zytek, Flybrid, Torotrak and Xtrac used in Formula One racing and simple, easily manufactured and integrated differential based systems such as the Cambridge Passenger/Commercial Vehicle Kinetic Energy Recovery System (CPC-KERS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent</span> Measurement of fuel economy

Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent is a measure of the average distance traveled per unit of energy consumed. MPGe is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to compare energy consumption of alternative fuel vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles and other advanced technology vehicles with the energy consumption of conventional internal combustion vehicles rated in miles per U.S. gallon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Range extender</span> Fuel-based auxiliary power unit that extends the range of a battery electric vehicle

A range extender is a fuel-based auxiliary power unit (APU) that extends the range of a battery electric vehicle by driving an electric generator that charges the vehicle's battery. This arrangement is known as a series hybrid drivetrain. The most commonly used range extenders are internal combustion engines, but fuel-cells or other engine types can be used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Range anxiety</span> Fear of insufficient vehicle range, especially in electric vehicles

Range anxiety is the driver's fear that a vehicle has insufficient energy storage to cover the road distance needed to reach its intended destination, and would thus strand the vehicle's occupants mid-way. The term, which is now primarily used in reference to the practical driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), is considered to be one of the major psychological barriers to large-scale public adoption of electric cars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egger-Lohner C.2 Phaeton</span> Motor vehicle

The Egger-Lohner C.2 Phaeton, erroneously called Porsche P1, is an electric vehicle built by Egger-Lohner. It is the first vehicle that Ferdinand Porsche somewhat contributed to. The vehicle resembles a horse-drawn carriage with an electrical motor attached to it. Approximately 4 were built.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solaris Urbino 18 electric</span> Motor vehicle

Solaris Urbino 18 electric is a low-floor, articulated city bus of the MEGA class, with an electric driveline, manufactured since 2014 by Polish producer Solaris Bus & Coach in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznań. It is a member of the Solaris Urbino city bus family.

References

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  2. ↑ Lösch, Annamaria, ed. (1981), "Electric Cars", World Cars 1981, Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books: 44, ISBN   0-910714-13-4
  3. ↑ Ago, Masterlukein #cars • 4 Years (2018-03-27). "Alfa Romeo 33 Hybrid, 10 years before the Prius!!". Steemit. Retrieved 2022-07-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Licata, Matteo (2022-03-22). "5 Things You Didn't Know About The Alfa Romeo 33". Roadster Life. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  5. ↑ Cars, Story (2021-11-05). "1995 Fiat Vanzic". Story Cars. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  6. ↑ "L'occasion manquée". www.largus.fr. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  7. ↑ "MAZDA:Backnumber | News Releases". newsroom.mazda.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  8. ↑ DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ "Hybrid - Hino Australia". Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
  10. ↑ "E-One: Rescues". Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-11-06.
  11. ↑ "Update on Eaton Medium-Duty Electric Hybrids". Green Car Congress.
  12. ↑ "Eaton Corporation Introduces Its First Commercially Available Hybrid Power System in China with Beiqi Foton Bus Company and Guangzhou Yiqi Bus: (The following news release was also issued by Eaton in China on Jan. 14)". Archived from the original on 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
  13. ↑ Stopford, William (2021-11-13). "The Most Obscure Special Editions and Forgotten Limited-Run Models: Mopar Edition, Part III - A Trip To Aspen". Curbside Classic. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  14. ↑ "Honda to Begin Sales of Two More Hybrid Models in 2010" (Press release). Honda. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  15. ↑ Philippe Crowe (2012-06-25). "France-Sourced Toyota Yaris US-Bound in 2013". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
  16. Edelstein, Stephen. "Do hybrid or electric supercars still have to roar to be taken seriously?". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  17. ↑ (in French) Les voitures hybrides dans l'histoire Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine on automania.be.
  18. ↑ History of Hybrid Vehicles | Hybrid Cars Archived 2009-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
  19. 1 2 "The 1899 Lohner Porsche, the first Hybrid Vehicle?".
  20. ↑ Extract of A. J. Wallis-Tayler, Motor vehicles for business purposes; A practical handbook for those interested in the transport of passengers and goods, 1905
  21. ↑ "CASTROSUA Fabricante de carrocer as de autobuses y autocares". www.castrosua.com.
  22. ↑ "Nothing found for Article Asp?indexid=996". Archived from the original on 2015-01-19. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  23. ↑ "Autobus Ibridi – Trentino trasporti S.p.A." www.ttspa.it. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  24. ↑ "Scania testing unique hybrid buses in Stockholm - Scania". Archived from the original on 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  25. ↑ "WPK » Kolejne solarisy w Sosnowcu". www.wpk.katowice.pl.
  26. ↑ "Solaris will supply first hybrid bus in Poland to MPK Poznan Transportweekly . Com". www.transportweekly.com.
  27. ↑ AG, Regionalbus Lenzburg. "Hybrid-Gelenkbus Solaris U18 H2 « Fahrzeugpark « Zahlen und Fakten « Über uns « Regionalbus Lenzburg AG". www.rbl.ch.
  28. ↑ "Tecnobus – Autobus e minibus per il trasporto pubblico". www.tecnobus.it. Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  29. ↑ "Hybrid - Hybrid : Volvo Buses". Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  30. ↑ "China's New Hybrid Cars: Almost Affordable in China".
  31. ↑ "Chang'an Motors - First Chinese Hybrid Car Manufacturer Continues Momentum - CleanCarTalk". Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
  32. ↑ "В СЛУЦКЕ СОСТОЯЛАСЬ ЦЕРЕМОНИЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ГИБРИДНОГО АВТОБУСА БЕЛКОММУНМАШ". 2019-08-01.
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