Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto in the Mixolydian mode) is a concerto for piano and orchestra, composed by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi.
Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo, composer's pupil and later his wife, studied gregorian chant. This made Respighi attracted by the mystic of the gradual. Quickly recognising the potential of melodies of this music, he tried to remodel them into the contemporary style for understanding of wider audience. He wrote the work in an incredibly short time during the summer in 1925, then immediately handed it over to the publisher. [1] As the consequence of composer's almost superstitious abhorrence of past activities, the work was never revised thereafter. [1] He highly prized the concerto, believing that it would live on when all his other works had been forgotten. [2]
The concerto was premiered at Carnegie Hall, New York City, by Respighi himself playing piano with New York Philharmonic conducted by Willem Mengelberg on 31 December 1925. [3] He made his debut in the United States on this occasion. [2] Though warmly applauded by the audience, music critic Olin Downes expressed his concern about the quality of the composition. The work was performed unsuccessfully at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam and in Berlin (on 11 November 1926) by composer on piano under the baton of Heinz Huger, and in Rome with pianist Carlo Zecchi, conducted by Bernardino Molinari (on 10 April 1927). Contrary to the composer's confidence, the work remained unknown for the next few decades.
Respighi declared he had written Concerto in modo misolidio for his nonprofessional pianism which he mostly learned himself. Some pianists today shudder at the technical difficulty of the piece, deeming it unpianistic. [1]
The score of the work bears the motto "O clap your hands", Psalm 47. [1]
The concerto is written in three movements. It is scored for piano solo, 2 flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets (in B♭ and A), 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in B♭), 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, harp and strings. Average performance of the work lasts for about 39 minutes. [4]
The movement opens with quotation of Viri Galilaei. [1] A brief E♭ note by the orchestra in the opening bar is followed by the piano solo playing a Gregorian chant (excerpt 1).
The material of excerpt 1 is developed by relatively lengthy piano solo and the following section by the orchestra. After the exposition of a new melody (excerpt 2), the music proceeds around this theme.
The orchestra recites excerpt 1 before piano enters the rapid arpeggio passage. A canon-like motif is regarded as the third theme. [1] The music returns to excerpt 1, preceding a piano cadenza. The cadenza that starts quietly gradually culminates from a recapitulation of excerpt 2 to the climax. The movement calmly ends with excerpt 1 echoed by orchestra accompanied with the sound of bells rung on piano. [1]
The second movement is written in ternary form, [1] quoting the hym Alléluia. The orchestra states excerpt 3 over modest piano chords.
New melodic material is introduced after repetition of excerpt 3, followed by an orchestral chorale that develops into rapid piano movement. This sequence takes place once again before the part played by solo piano. The movement's climax comes after a recapitulation of excerpt 3. Lastly, a piano solo bridges to the finale by attacca.
The third movement is formed as a passacaglia consisting of a theme and 18 variations. [1] The hymn Kyrie is quoted for this movement. The theme is passionately exposed by piano (excerpt 4).
The energy of the music is maintained until the variation characterized by glissando in the high register of the piano. Shortly after, the mood turns bright, and lively variations take over. Skilful piano writing brings the cheerful atmosphere back, leading to the triumphal conclusion after the brilliantly affirmative final restatement of the theme.
The Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 16, composed by Edvard Grieg in 1868, was the only concerto Grieg completed. It is one of his most popular works and is among the most popular of the genre.
The Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35 was the only concerto for violin composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Composed in 1878, it is one of the best-known violin concertos.
Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 30, was composed in the summer of 1909. The piece was premiered on November 28 of that year in New York City with the composer as soloist, accompanied by the New York Symphony Society under Walter Damrosch. The work has the reputation of being one of the most technically challenging piano concertos in the standard classical piano repertoire.
The Turangalîla-Symphonie is the only symphony by Olivier Messiaen (1908–1992). It was written for an orchestra of large forces from 1946 to 1948 on a commission by Serge Koussevitzky in his wife's memory for the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Along with the Quatuor pour la fin du temps, the symphony is one of the composer's most notable works.
Concerto in F is a composition by George Gershwin for solo piano and orchestra which is closer in form to a traditional concerto than his earlier jazz-influenced Rhapsody in Blue. It was written in 1925 on a commission from the conductor and director Walter Damrosch. It is just over half an hour long.
The Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor, Op. 37 is generally thought to have been composed in 1800, although the year of its composition has been questioned by some contemporary musicologists. It was first performed on 5 April 1803, with the composer as soloist. During that same performance, the Second Symphony and the oratorio Christ on the Mount of Olives were also premiered. The composition was published in 1804, and was dedicated to Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia. The first primary theme is reminiscent of that of Mozart's 24th Piano Concerto.
The Cello Concerto No. 2, Opus 126, was written by Dmitri Shostakovich in the spring of 1966 in the Crimea. Like the first concerto, it was written for Mstislav Rostropovich, who gave the premiere in Moscow under Yevgeny Svetlanov on 25 September 1966 at the composer's 60th birthday concert. Sometimes the concerto is listed as being in the key of G, but the score gives no such indication.
Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64, is his last concerto. Well received at its premiere, it has remained among the most prominent and highly-regarded violin concertos. It holds a central place in the violin repertoire and has developed a reputation as an essential concerto for all aspiring concert violinists to master, and usually one of the first Romantic era concertos they learn. A typical performance lasts just under half an hour.
Piano Concerto No. 3 in C major, Op. 26, is a piano concerto by Sergei Prokofiev. It was completed in 1921 using sketches first started in 1913.
Sergei Prokofiev set to work on his Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 16, in 1912 and completed it the next year. But that version of the concerto is lost; the score was destroyed in a fire following the Russian Revolution. Prokofiev reconstructed the work in 1923, two years after finishing his Piano Concerto No. 3, and declared it to be "so completely rewritten that it might almost be considered [Piano Concerto] No. 4." Indeed its orchestration has features that clearly postdate the 1921 concerto. Performing as soloist, Prokofiev premiered this "No. 2" in Paris on 8 May 1924 with Serge Koussevitzky conducting. It is dedicated to the memory of Maximilian Schmidthof, a friend of Prokofiev's at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory who had killed himself in 1913.
Franz Liszt composed his Piano Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major, S.124 over a 26-year period; the main themes date from 1830, while the final version is dated 1849. The concerto consists of four movements and lasts approximately 20 minutes. It premiered in Weimar on February 17, 1855, with Liszt at the piano and Hector Berlioz conducting.
The Piano Concerto No. 24 in C minor, K. 491, is a concerto composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart for piano and orchestra. Mozart composed the concerto in the winter of 1785–1786, finishing it on 24 March 1786, three weeks after completing his Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major. As he intended to perform the work himself, Mozart did not write out the soloist's part in full. The premiere was in early April 1786 at the Burgtheater in Vienna. Chronologically, the work is the twentieth of Mozart's 23 original piano concertos.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's concertos for piano and orchestra are numbered from 1 to 27. The first four numbered concertos and three unnumbered concertos are early works that are arrangements of keyboard sonatas by various contemporary composers. Concertos 7 and 10 are compositions for three and two pianos respectively. The remaining twenty-one are original compositions for solo piano and orchestra. These works, many of which Mozart composed for himself to play in the Vienna concert series of 1784–86, held special importance for him.
The Piano Concerto in C is a concertante work by Ralph Vaughan Williams written in 1926 and 1930-31. During the intervening years, the composer completed Job: A Masque for Dancing and began work on his Fourth Symphony. The concerto shares some thematic characteristics with these works, as well as some of their drama and turbulence.
The Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra is a double timpani concerto written by Philip Glass in 2000. It is paired with the Cello Concerto on Vol. I of Glass' Concerto Project, a set of eight concerti by the composer. A typical performance of the work lasts 25–28 minutes. It was written for Jonathan Haas and later recorded by Evelyn Glennie, and was premiered by Haas and Svet Stoyanov with the American Symphony Orchestra in Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center, conducted by Leon Botstein. The work was commissioned jointly by the American Symphony Orchestra, the Peabody Symphony, the Milwaukee Symphony, the St. Louis Symphony and the Phoenix Symphony. In 2004, a transcription for wind ensemble was written by Mark Lortz, which debuted at Peabody Institute in 2005.
The Piano Concerto No. 2 was written by Philip Glass in 2004. It is also called the Piano Concerto No. 2: After Lewis and Clark, due to its musical representation of the American pioneers. It was composed for the Nebraska Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commission, the Lied Center for Performing Arts, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Hixson-Lied College of Fine and Performing Arts. It is included as one of the concerti in Glass' Concerto Project, a four-volume collection of commissioned works. The work itself deals with the journey of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, interpreting the stages of their expedition progressively in each movement.
The String Quartet in D major is the only string quartet composed by César Franck. The work was written from 1889 to 1890.
The Concerto gregoriano is a violin concerto by Ottorino Respighi. It is inspired by the history and music of early Christianity, such as plainsong and Gregorian chant. It was written in 1921 and premiered the following year in Rome.
The Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 23 by Edward MacDowell was completed in late 1885. Although some obvious similarities with Edvard Grieg's, Camille Saint-Saëns's and Franz Liszt's concertos have often been stated, MacDowell’s composition proves to be quite original, at least compared to his First Concerto. It was the first major piano concerto written by an American. It was also the only large-scale composition by MacDowell to remain in standard repertoire.