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The European Convention on Human Rights is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.
The age of criminal responsibility is the age below which a child is deemed incapable of having committed a criminal offence. In legal terms, it is referred to as a defence/defense of infancy, which is a form of defense known as an excuse so that defendants falling within the definition of an "infant" are excluded from criminal liability for their actions, if at the relevant time, they had not reached an age of criminal responsibility. After reaching the initial age, there may be levels of responsibility dictated by age and the type of offense committed.
The American Law Institute (ALI) is a research and advocacy group of judges, lawyers, and legal scholars established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of United States common law and its adaptation to changing social needs. Members of ALI include law professors, practicing attorneys, judges and other professionals in the legal industry. ALI writes documents known as "treatises", which are summaries of state common law. Many courts and legislatures look to ALI's treatises as authoritative reference material concerning many legal issues. However, some legal experts and the late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, along with some conservative commentators, have voiced concern about ALI rewriting the law as they want it to be instead of as it is.
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The Canadian Criminal Justice Association (CCJA) is a national, voluntary organization founded in 1919, dedicated to improving Canada's justice system. Its office is in Ottawa.
The Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ) a functional commission of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) based in Vienna. The commission serves as the primary organ that guides the activities of the United Nations in the fields of crime prevention and criminal justice.
Cicely Musgrave Craven was a British educator, magistrate, and prison reformer.
Sylvi Inkeri Anttila was a Finnish jurist and criminologist who was the Minister of Justice of Finland during the caretaker government of Keijo Liinamaa in 1975. She studied criminal law at the University of Helsinki, becoming the first woman in Finland to receive a doctorate in law in 1946 and the first female professor of criminal law in Finland in 1961.
References
- ↑ "Conference of European Ministers of Justice". www.coe.int. Archived from the original on 2006-10-23.
- ↑ http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_co-operation/steering_committees/CDCJ/ [ bare URL ]
- ↑ http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Legal_co-operation/Steering_Committees/Cdpc/ [ bare URL ]
- ↑ "29th Council of Europe Conference of Ministers of Justice". Council of Europe. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-25.