History
A grandiose creation
The Corderie Royal is one of the most important buildings in the arsenal and was one of the first built when the city was founded in 1666. Rochefort is named after the 11th-century village, "Roccafortis". From 1653 to 1660, Jean Colbert du Terron managed Mazarin's affairs in his government of Brouage. He searched the coast for a site to replace this silt port and proposed to his cousin, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to install a new one in Rochefort, at the mouth of the Charente. The architect of the rope factory was François Blondel who started the work in March. Sent to the Antilles, he could not see the result of his plans.
The realization was not simple because of the terrain. Located on the edge of the Charente, on a ground made up of a layer of mud nearly thirty meters deep, sometimes flooded with about sixty centimeters of water at high tides. Before the building itself was built, it was necessary to raise a few feet [7] and establish a sill plate consisting of a grid of 30 cm section oak pieces 5 feet under the water table. [8]
It was only after the sill plate was completed that construction began, using limestone from quarries near Crazannes. In order not to destabilize this floating raft, construction by the 700 workers was done symmetrically, construction of a higher tier commencing only when the lower sections of wall were completed.
Finally, after more than three years of work, construction was completed in June.
For nearly two hundred years, the building, which is more than 374 metres long, was used to furnish the rigging (or cordage) of the French Navy. The length of the central building corresponded to the manufacture of a rope of a single cable length. The main wing is bounded by two pavilions. To the north, the one for hemp storage and to the south, the one for tarring the rope. The Corderie used French hemp and hemp from Riga at the Baltic Sea to make ropes, the largest of which, when completed, measured a cable, or about 200 metres long. All the steps were taken care of at the arsenal, including tarring to prevent the ropes from rotting at sea.
The end of the corderie in 1867 and the conversion of the site
In [1867], the rope-makers ceased their activity at the Rochefort site. The building will then be designed to house several institutions:
- L'école de maistrance (school of buttrance) and apprentice gunsmiths
- The naval artillery annex
- Maritime work
- The secret archives of the navy
- The museum of scale models
The gradual abandonment of the site
On the date of 10 September 1926, it was decided to close the Rochefort arsenal, with the consequent gradual abandonment of the Corderie.
The decline of the Corderie was complete when the German occupying forces leaving the city in August 1944 burned down the monument. The fire, which lasted several days, made the building unusable. Left abandoned completely for more than twenty years, the Corderie and its surroundings were completely overrun with brush and brambles. This abundant vegetation jeopardized this remarkable building steeped in the city's history.
In 1964, Admiral Maurice Dupont oversaw the clean-up of the site by military members, and in 1967, the building was declared a historic monument.
The municipality, now the owner of the site, decided in 1974 under the "Medium City" contract to start work on the rehabilitation of the monumental site.
The Corderie Royal today
The building, whose restoration work was begun in 1976 and completed in 1988, made it possible to give the city the "National Grand Heritage Prize". Today, this imposing building houses important administrative and tertiary services:
- In 1980, the national headquarters of the Conservatoire du littoral (Coastal Protection Agency)
- At the end of 1981, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Rochefort and Saintonge.
- In 1985, the International Sea Centre
- In 1988, the municipal multimedia library.
The site of the Corderie Royal is decorated with a large park on the edge of the Charente River.
The Jardin des Retours and the rigging area
This pleasant park of contemporary creation, inaugurated in 1991 and referred to as jardin des Retours (Garden of Returns), [9] was created to enhance the site of the Corderie Royal.
It is also composed of the 'rigging area' which is cut off on the edge of the Charente, whose aim is to illustrate the theme of ropes and the time of sailing. The labyrinthe des Batailles navales (Maze of Naval Battles), made of yew, follows.
This vast garden of rare plants, which stretches over an 18-hectare tree-lined area, has been landscaped as a theatre of greenery, imagined as an introduction to botanical art, and forms a walking space all around the Corderie Royal. [9] It is divided into three large green spaces represented by the jardin de la Marine (Garden of the Navy), jardin de la Galissonnière, and jardin des Amériques (Garden of the Americas).
