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The term narcotic originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with numbing or paralyzing properties. In the United States, it has since become associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well as derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex. The primary three are morphine, codeine, and thebaine.
The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 is an international treaty that controls activities of specific narcotic drugs and lays down a system of regulations for their medical and scientific uses; it also establishes the International Narcotics Control Board.
The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) is an independent treaty body, one of the four treaty-mandated bodies under international drug control law.
The expression International Opium Convention refers either to the first International Opium Convention signed at The Hague in 1912, or to the second International Opium Convention signed at Geneva in 1925.
A drug policy is the policy regarding the control and regulation of psychoactive substances, particularly those that are addictive or cause physical and mental dependence. While drug policies are generally implemented by governments, entities at all levels may have specific policies related to drugs.
Cannabis in Papua New Guinea is illegal, but the nation is a significant producer and consumer of cannabis. Cannabis is sometimes called spak brus in local parlance.
Cannabis in Dominica is a Class B drug to cultivate, sell or possess. This means that possession is punishable by 12 months and $12,000 (summary) or 2 years and $20,000. Supplying, production, or importation are punishable by 3 years and $100,000 (summary) or 14 years and $200,000.
Cannabis in Pakistan is illegal for recreational use, although since September 2020, extracts of cannabis can be used for industrial and medical use. Cannabis is widely consumed in Pakistan as charas and bhang.
Cannabis in Bhutan is illegal, but grows prolifically in the country and has multiple traditional uses, such as feeding pigs and producing textiles.
Cannabis in Lesotho is illegal for any use, but largely tolerated. Cannabis is widely produced in the country, being the nation's most significant cash-crop. In the 2000s it was estimated that 70% of the cannabis in South Africa originated in Lesotho. In 2017 Lesotho became the first African nation to grant a license for the cultivation of medical cannabis.
Cannabis in Cabo Verde is illegal, but is produced and trafficked illicitly.
Cannabis in Tonga is illegal, but cultivated illicitly. A 1990s report attributed increased cannabis usage in Tonga to foreign travelers and returned Tongan emigres.
Cannabis in Mauritania is illegal, but the country serves as a major transit point for Moroccan cannabis en route to Europe.
Cannabis in Senegal is illegal; the drug is locally referred to as yamba.
Cannabis in Mali is illegal.
Cannabis in Kazakhstan is illegal.
Cannabis in Angola is illegal. The drug is locally referred to as diamba or liamba.
Cannabis in Antigua and Barbuda is illegal but decriminalized. The islands are not a major producer of cannabis, and instead import the drug from Jamaica and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
For Alternative Approaches to Addiction, Think & do tank is an international non-profit organization working on drug policy, created in 2015 and based in Paris, France.
The removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961 is a change in international law that took place in 2021, on the basis of a scientific assessment by the World Health Organization.
References
- ↑ International Narcotics Control Board (2001). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2000. United Nations Publications. pp. 68–. ISBN 978-92-1-148131-0.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ Rapport de la ... Conférence Du Pacifique Sud. South Pacific Commission. 1989. p. 108. ISBN 9789822031317.
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