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The legality of cannabis for medical and recreational use varies by country, in terms of its possession, distribution, and cultivation, and how it can be consumed and what medical conditions it can be used for. These policies in most countries are regulated by three United Nations treaties: the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Cannabis is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Single Convention treaty, meaning that signatories can allow medical use but that it is considered to be an addictive drug with a serious risk of abuse.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Uzbekistan face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Uzbekistan. Punishment is up to three years in prison with fines. Beatings, torture, vigilante executions and attacks are also common.
The consumption of Cannabis in Costa Rica is nominally illegal; however, personal consumption does not carry any criminal penalties. The sale of marijuana, however, can be punished criminally. As of March 2022 medicinal cannabis has been approved.
Cannabis in the Czech Republic is illegal for recreational use, but personal possession has been decriminalized since 1 January 2010 and medical cannabis has been legal since 1 April 2013.
Cannabis in Denmark is illegal for recreational use, but medical use is allowed through a four-year pilot program initiated in January 2018.
The cultivation and use of cannabis in the Philippines is illegal under Republic Act 9165 or the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. As the Philippines is a signatory to the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Cannabis is classified as a Schedule I drug, which limits its use to medical and scientific purposes. Marijuana is the second most used drug in the Philippines, after shabu (methamphetamine), and most cultivation in the country is for local consumption. Cannabis is cultivated mostly in the remote, mountainous regions of Luzon and Mindanao
Cannabis in Finland is illegal. The 50th chapter of the Criminal Code criminalises all dealings with illegal narcotics, including the production, import, transport, sale, possession and use of cannabis.
Cannabis in Moldova is illegal but decriminalized.
Cannabis in Taiwan (ROC) is illegal. Cannabis is listed as a category 2 narcotic by Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act in Taiwan. Offenders of manufacturing, transporting, or selling category 2 narcotics are subject to life imprisonment or a minimum ten-year fixed-term imprisonment, and may also be subject to a fine of no more than fifteen million New Taiwan dollars.
Cannabis in Tanzania is illegal but remains the most common drug and it is produced for different usage, such as domestic usage and exporting. It is locally known as bangi. Tanzania is one among multiple countries in Africa that produce cannabis in large quantities.
Cannabis in Vietnam is illegal, but is cultivated within the country and is known as cần sa.
Cannabis in Belarus is illegal.
Cannabis in the Republic of the Congo is illegal. Cannabis is known locally as mbanga.
Cannabis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is legal for industrial, medicinal and scientific use. It continues to be illegal for recreational use.
Cannabis in the Central African Republic is illegal.
Cannabis in Burundi is illegal.
Cannabis is illegal in the Marshall Islands.
Cannabis is illegal in Samoa.
Cannabis is illegal in the Dominican Republic.
Cannabis in Kosovo is illegal for both medicinal or recreational purposes. Penalties are defined by Article 269 of the Kosovo Criminal Code, last revised in January 2019. For first-time offenders, possession of illicit substances leads to either a one-year sentence or, more likely, a financial penalty of €250-300. A 2014 survey of 5500 reported that 10% of Kosovans knew someone who had used cannabis and 12.6% reported having easy access to cannabis.
References
- ↑ "Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan" (in Uzbek). The national database of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
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