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The legality of cannabis for medical and recreational use varies by country, in terms of its possession, distribution, and cultivation, and how it can be consumed and what medical conditions it can be used for. These policies in most countries are regulated by three United Nations treaties: the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Since its descheduling in 2020, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Single Convention treaty, meaning that signatories can allow medical use but that it is considered to be an addictive drug with a serious risk of abuse.
Elective Abortion in Argentina is legal in the first 14 weeks of gestation. The abortion law was liberalized after the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Bill (Argentina) was passed by the National Congress in December 2020. According to the law, any woman can request the procedure at any public or private health facility. Doctors are legally bound to either perform it or, if they are conscientious objectors, refer the patient to another physician or health facility. Only four other Latin or South American countries have legalised abortion on request: Cuba in 1965, Guyana in 1995, Uruguay in 2012 and Colombia in 2022. According to polling in 2021, around 44% of Argentinians support the legalization of abortion on request; other polls showed 50–60% of Argentinians opposed the bill.
Same-sex marriage is legally recognized and performed throughout Mexico since 31 December 2022. On 10 August 2010 the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ruled that same-sex marriages performed anywhere within Mexico must be recognized by the 31 states without exception, and fundamental spousal rights except for adoption have also applied to same-sex couples across the country.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Panama face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Panama, but same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal benefits and protections available to opposite-sex married couples.
The National Change Union, sometimes translated as the Union of National Change, was a national liberal political party in Guatemala.
The legal history of cannabis in the United States began with state-level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with Oregon in 1973, individual states began to liberalize cannabis laws through decriminalization. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical cannabis, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, Washington and Colorado became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use.
Cannabis is legal in Uruguay, and is one of the most widely used drugs in the nation.
Cannabis in Chile is illegal for all production and public consumption, though private at-home consumption, grow and selling is allowed for medical use. It is widely consumed, with the highest per-capita use in Latin America. In 2014 Chile began clinical trials on medical marijuana, and in 2015 a decriminalization bill successfully passed the lower house of the Chilean Congress.
Cannabis in Kansas is fully illegal, and possession of even small amounts is a misdemeanor crime. Cannabis is only legal in Kansas in the form of THC free cannabidiol oil, also known as CBD.
Cannabis in Puerto Rico is illegal for recreational use. Legislation to ban cannabis was passed in 1932, and legislation to legalize medical use was passed in 2017. Although the medical use of cannabis is permitted, smoking it is prohibited.
Cannabis in Texas is illegal for recreational use. Possession of up to two ounces is a class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in prison and a fine of up to $2000. Several of the state's major municipalities have enacted reforms to apply lesser penalties or limit enforcement, however.
Cannabis in Argentina is decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009.
Cannabis in Mexico is legal for both recreational and medicinal purposes. It became legal for recreational purposes in June 2021, upon application and issuance of a permit from the health secretariat, COFEPRIS. On 29 June 2021, the Supreme Court of Mexico decriminalized the recreational use of cannabis. President Andrés Manuel López Obrador signed a bill that allows adults 18 and over to possess up to 28 grams of cannabis and grow up to six marijuana plants on their property.
Cannabis in Peru is not legal for recreational use, possession for own consumption is also decriminalized by the Criminal Code and medical cannabis was legalized in 2017.
The list includes and details significant events that occurred in the global history of national-level implementations of, or changes made to, laws surrounding the use, sale, or production of the psychoactive drug cannabis.
Cannabis in Guatemala, as of 2016, is illegal. Otto Pérez, when he was president of the country, tried to lead a legalization drive, and several congressmen attempted to pass a law for legalization, but those efforts failed. A poll conducted in 2012 said that 41% of Guatemalans might support decriminalization.
The Liga Profesional de Baloncesto (LPB), also known as the LPB Panama, is the top professional basketball league in Panama. The league was formed in 2015 by six clubs. Correcaminos de Colón has been the most successful team in the league with four won championships.
Cannabis in Bermuda is legal for medical use and decriminalized for recreational use.
The Mexican Cannabis Institute is a proposed agency of the Mexican federal government, under the Secretariat of the Interior, that would oversee national legalization of cannabis. Its first draft authorizing legislation, la ley para la regulación del cannabis, was shown to the public on October 17, 2019. On November 13, 2020, several Mexican Senate committees approved an act creating an agency named Instituto Mexicano para la Regulación y Control del Cannabis, or Mexican Institute for Regulation and Cannabis Control, within the Health Ministry, and on November 19, the bill enabling the agency and legalizing cannabis nationwide was passed by the Senate.
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Sinaloa since 30 June 2021. On 12 June 2021, a federal court ordered the Congress of Sinaloa to pass a same-sex marriage law by 15 June, in accordance with jurisprudence established by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. Subsequently, same-sex marriage legislation passed Congress unanimously on 15 June. It was published in the official state journal on 29 June, and entered into force the following day, making Sinaloa the 20th Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage.
References
- ↑ "Desmantelan red que supuestamente se dedicaba a la venta de marihuana líquida | La Prensa Panamá". www.prensa.com (in Spanish). 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
- ↑ AP (2019-10-10). "Vuelve a debate legalización de cannabis medicinal en Panamá". Telemetro (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-10.
- ↑ Panamá, GESE-La Estrella de. "Sí al cannabis medicinal, pero no al cultivo de la planta en Panamá". La Estrella de Panamá (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-10.
- 1 2 "Panama's Congress approves medical cannabis bill in unanimous vote". Reuters. 30 August 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ↑ "El gobierno de Panamá legalizó el uso medicinal y terapéutico del cannabis". Infobae. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ↑ Rowan Robinson (1996). The Great Book of Hemp: The Complete Guide to the Environmental, Commercial, and Medicinal Uses of the World's Most Extraordinary Plant. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-89281-541-8.
- ↑ Registro judicial: Organo del poder judicial de la República de Panamá. Imprenta Nacional. 1935.
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