Gräfin Mariza (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁɛːfɪnˈmaʁitsa] ; Countess Maritza) is an operetta in three acts composed by Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán, with a German libretto by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald. It premiered in Vienna on 28 February 1924 at the Theater an der Wien. [1]
As Countess Maritza, it made its New York City debut on 18 September 1926 at the Shubert Theatre, in an adaptation by Harry B. Smith, and with interpolated music by other composers, playing 318 performances, [2] with Yvonne d'Arle in the title role on opening night. [3] [4] The show was staged by J. C. Huffman. [5]
As Maritza, it opened in London at the Palace Theatre on 6 July 1938, with Mary Losseff in the title role.
A London revival by New Sadler's Wells Opera opened at Sadler's Wells Theatre in February 1983, with a new English book and lyrics by Nigel Douglas, starring Marilyn Hill Smith (Maritza), Ramon Remedios (Tassilo), Laureen Livingstone (Lisa), Lynn Barber (Manja) and Tudor Davies (Zsupan) conducted by Barry Wordsworth.
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 28 February 1924 [6] (Conductor: Anton Paulik) |
|---|---|---|
| Countess Mariza | soprano | Betty Fischer |
| Prince Populescu | baritone | Richard Waldemar |
| Baron Kolomán Zsupán, landowner of Varaždin | tenor | Max Hansen |
| Count Tassilo of Endrödy-Wittemburg | tenor | Hubert Marischka |
| Lisa, Tassilo's sister | soprano | Elsie Altmann |
| Karl Stefan Liebenberg | bass | |
| Princess Božena Guddenstein zu Clumetz | contralto | Mizzi Gribl |
| Penižek, her valet | spoken | Hans Moser |
| Tschekko, an old butler of Mariza's | ||
| Berko, a gypsy | ||
| Manja, a young gypsy | soprano | |
| Village children, guests, dancers, gypsies, peasant boys and peasant girls | ||
Manja the gypsy girl flirts with the newly appointed bailiff, Béla Törek. Unknown to anyone, Törek is in fact the impoverished Count Tassilo, who is seeking to earn a living and set aside some cash for the dowry of his sister Lisa. The Countess Maritza, a young widow, unexpectedly arrives at the estate to celebrate her engagement. This 'engagement' is however quite fictitious, an invention intended to put off her numerous followers. The name she has chosen for her suitor, based on her recollection of Strauss' operetta, The Gypsy Baron , is Baron Koloman Zsupán. However, amongst Maritza's guests, to Tassilo's horror, is Lisa, who he instructs to keep their relationship and his identity strictly secret. Maritza is also embarrassed when a genuine Koloman Zsupán materialises, having seen an announcement of his 'engagement' in the press.
Tassilo is heard by the guests singing an air "Komm, Zigány" ("Come, gypsies!"), which he ends with a czardas. Maritza orders him to repeat it; he refuses, and the angry countess announces that he is fired. Manja predicts that The Countess will be very happy in love. "One moon will pass over this Earth and Maritza will find her happiness", she sings. Maritza therefore decides to remain on her estate. She stops Tassilo from leaving and apologises.
Zsupan has meanwhile decided that he prefers Lisa to Maritza, whilst Maritza is increasingly attracted to Tassilo. However, the ageing Lothario Populescu reveals to Maritza Tassilo's identity, and moreover alleges that Lisa is his girlfriend. Maritza in a high temper insults Tassilo, who declares that he will leave. However, before he goes, the repentant Maritza writes him a 'reference' which is in fact a proposal of marriage. The operetta ends with Maritza and Tassilo, and Zsupan and Lisa, engaged.
Kalman: Gräfin Mariza, Wiener Opernball Orch.
Kalman: Countess Maritza, New Sadler's Wells Opera
There are a number of film versions of the operetta:
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