Southend-on-Sea Southend (1866–1893) | |
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Area | |
• 1961 | 10,285 acres (41.6 km2) |
Population | |
• 1961 | 165,093 |
History | |
• Created | 1866 |
Status | Local government district (1866–1892) Municipal borough (1892–1914) Urban sanitary district (1875–1894) Civil parish (1913–1974) County borough (1914–1974) |
Government | Southend Local Board (1866–1892) Southend Corporation (1892–1974) non-metropolitan district (1974-present) |
• Motto | Per Mare Per Ecclesiam (By Sea, By Church) |
Coat of arms granted in 1915 | |
Southend-on-Sea is a local government district around the seaside resort of Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England. Its origin was a local board formed for the parish of St John the Baptist, which had been split off from Prittlewell for ecclesiastical purposes in 1842. It was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1892. In 1889, when Essex County Council was formed, Southend-on-Sea was within the administrative county of Essex. However, through expansion in area and population by 1914 it was split off from the administrative county as a county borough. The local authority was Southend Local Board from 1886 and Southend Corporation from 1892. The corporation changed the name of the town from Southend to Southend-on-Sea in 1893. In 1974 the county borough was reconstituted as a non-metropolitan district with the same boundaries and some powers were transferred to Essex County Council. On 1 April it became a unitary authority area thus independent of Essex County Council again [1] but still in the ceremonial county of Essex. [2]
Southend adopted the Local Government Act 1858 and a local board was established in 1866. In 1875 it became an urban sanitary district. The local board gained powers in 1875 to purchase Southend Pier and the legal right to change the name of the local board and therefore the town. [3] It was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1892. The name was changed from Southend to Southend-on-Sea in 1893. [4] It gained the status of county borough in 1914, which ended the jurisdiction of Essex County Council in Southend. Southend-on-Sea Borough Constabulary was created on 1 April 1914, split off from Essex Constabulary. [5]
On 14 December 1995 Leigh on Sea became a civil parish. [6] The rest of the district remains unparished.
In March 2022 the district was granted city status.
The local government district originally consisted of the South End of the parish of Prittlewell. This became a separate parish of St John the Baptist for ecclesiastical purposes in 1842. In 1877 the local government district was expanded to include all of the parish of Prittlewell, including the settlements of Westcliff and Chalkwell.
The parish of Southchurch was absorbed by the borough of Southend-on-Sea on 1 November 1897. [7]
In 1913 the borough was expanded by gaining the former area of Leigh-on-Sea Urban District, consisting of the parish of Leigh (1527 acres) and part of the parish of Eastwood (383 acres) from Rochford Rural District. The civil parishes within the borough were combined to form a single parish of Southend-on Sea.
In 1933 the borough was expanded by gaining territory of Rochford Rural District consisting of parts of the parishes of Eastwood (1342 acres), Great Wakering (156 acres), North Shoebury (499 acres) and Shopland (201 acres). [8] At the same time, the former area of Shoeburyness Urban District, consisting of the parish of South Shoebury (1031 acres) was gained. [9]
Using the powers secured in 1875, the local board took over Southend Pier. The borough had tram, trolleybus and bus undertakings that were operated by Southend Corporation Transport.
On 1 April 1969 the separate borough police force was reincorporated into the Essex police as the Essex and Southend-on-Sea Joint Constabulary. The reform of local government outside Greater London which culminated in the Local Government Act 1972 eliminated county boroughs. In their place a two-tier system of counties and districts was created. The proposed reform for Essex was for Southend on Sea to become a non-metropolitan district with many powers returning to Essex County Council. A new Thamesside metropolitan county was proposed covering north Kent and south Essex, which would have changed the status of Southend on Sea to a metropolitan district and retained many powers locally, but was unsuccessful. [10] The County Borough of Southend on Sea was replaced by the Southend-on-Sea District on 1 April 1974. The council and corporation were replaced by Southend-on-Sea District Council and Essex County Council, which were established as shadow authorities in 1973. The new district had the same boundaries as the county borough. [11] [12]
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Shoeburyness, or simply Shoebury, is a coastal town in the borough of Southend-on-Sea, in the ceremonial county of Essex, England; it lies 3 miles (5 km) east of the city centre. It was formerly a separate town until it was absorbed into Southend in 1933.
Southend-on-Sea, commonly referred to as Southend, is a coastal city and unitary authority area with borough status in southeastern Essex, England. It lies on the north side of the Thames Estuary, 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest pleasure pier in the world, Southend Pier. London Southend Airport is located north of the city centre.
Castle Point is a local government district with borough status in south Essex, England, lying 30 miles (48 km) east of central London. The borough comprises an area on the mainland and the adjoining Canvey Island in the Thames Estuary, which is connected to the mainland by bridges. The council is based in Thundersley. The borough's other main settlements are Canvey Island, Hadleigh and South Benfleet.
The Borough of Basildon is a local government district with borough status in Essex, England. The borough is named after its largest town, Basildon, where the council is based. The borough also includes the towns of Billericay and Wickford and surrounding rural areas.
Rochford is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after one of its main settlements, Rochford, where the council is based. The largest town in the district is Rayleigh. Other places in the district include Hockley, Ashingdon, Great Wakering, Canewdon and Hullbridge. The district wraps around the north of the city of Southend-on-Sea, with Southend Airport falling within the district. Most of the built-up areas are in the west of the district along the Shenfield to Southend Victoria railway. The eastern part of the district is more sparsely populated and has a stretch of coast at Foulness Island.
The Borough of Brentwood is a local government district with borough status in Essex, England. The borough is named after its main town of Brentwood, where the council is based; it includes several villages and the surrounding rural area.
Leigh-on-Sea, commonly referred to simply as Leigh, is a town and civil parish in the city of Southend-on-Sea, in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. In 2011 it had a population of 22,509.
Essex is a county in the East of England which originated as the ancient Kingdom of Essex and one of the seven kingdoms, or heptarchy, that went on to form the Kingdom of England.
Rochford and Southend East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Sir James Duddridge, a Conservative.
Southend West is a constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. The seat is currently held by Anna Firth who won the 2022 by-election, following the murder of the incumbent MP, David Amess.
The Prittle Brook is a 7.2 mile (11.59 km) watercourse in south Essex, England. A tributary of the River Roach, the brook rises in Thundersley and passes through Hadleigh, Leigh-on-Sea, Westcliff, Prittlewell, Rochford and discharges into the Roach and then into the North Sea via the Roach and Crouch estuaries.
Eastwood is a suburb of the city of Southend-on-Sea, in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. Eastwood is sometimes called Eastwood Park, particularly for local elections. It was formerly a civil parish, the main part of which was absorbed into the municipal borough of Southend-on-Sea in 1933.
South Benfleet is a town and former civil parish, in the Castle Point district of Essex, England, 30 miles east of London. It is adjacent to the village of North Benfleet. The Benfleet (SS7) post town includes South Benfleet, Thundersley, New Thundersley and Hadleigh. The Battle of Benfleet took place here between the Vikings and Saxons in 894. In 1951 the parish had a population of 8191.
Southend East was a parliamentary constituency in Essex. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
South East Essex was a parliamentary constituency in Essex in the East of England. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Essex County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Essex in England. It has 75 councillors, elected from 70 divisions, and has been under Conservative majority control since 2001. The council meets at County Hall in the centre of Chelmsford. It is a member of the East of England Local Government Association.
Southend-on-Sea City Council is the local authority of the Southend-on-Sea district in Essex, England. It is a unitary authority, having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. It is a member of the East of England Local Government Association. It is based at Southend Civic Centre in Southend-on-Sea.
Essex is a ceremonial county in the East of England and one of the home counties. It is bordered by Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, the North Sea to the east, Kent across the Thames Estuary to the south, Greater London to the south-west, and Hertfordshire to the west. The largest settlement is Southend-on-Sea, and the county town is Chelmsford.