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An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a cancerous tumor in a bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid.
A mastocytoma or mast cell tumor is a type of round-cell tumor consisting of mast cells. It is found in humans and many animal species; it also can refer to an accumulation or nodule of mast cells that resembles a tumor.
Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) in animals is a type of cancer defined by a proliferation of malignant lymphocytes within solid organs such as the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen. The disease also may occur in the eye, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.
Phycomycosis is an uncommon condition of the gastrointestinal tract and skin most commonly found in dogs and horses. The condition is caused by a variety of molds and fungi, and individual forms include pythiosis, zygomycosis, and lagenidiosis. Pythiosis is the most common type and is caused by Pythium, a type of water mould. Zygomycosis can also be caused by two types of zygomycetes, Entomophthorales and Mucorales. The latter type of zygomycosis is also referred to as mucormycosis. Lagenidiosis is caused by a Lagenidium species, which like Pythium is a water mould. Since both pythiosis and lagenidiosis are caused by organisms from the class Oomycetes, they are sometimes collectively referred to as oomycosis.
Hypertrophic osteopathy is a bone disease secondary to cancer in the lungs.
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Infantile cortical hyperostosis is a self-limited inflammatory disorder of infants that causes bone changes, soft tissue swelling and irritability. The disease may be present at birth or occur shortly thereafter. The cause is unknown. Both familial and sporadic forms occur. It is also known as Caffey disease or Caffey's disease.
Familial renal disease is an uncommon cause of renal failure in dogs and cats. Most causes are breed-related (familial) and some are inherited. Some are congenital. Renal dysplasia is a type of familial renal disease characterized by abnormal cellular differentiation of renal tissue. Dogs and cats with renal disease caused by these diseases have the typical symptoms of renal failure, including weight loss, loss of appetite, depression, and increased water consumption and urination. A list of familial renal diseases by dog and cat breeds is found below.
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Cerebellar abiotrophy, also called cerebellar cortical abiotrophy, or cerebellar degeneration, is a genetic neurological disease in animals best known to affect certain breeds of horses, dogs and cats. It can also develop in humans. It develops when the neurons known as Purkinje cells, located in the cerebellum of the brain, begin to die off. These cells affect balance and coordination. They have a critical role to play in the brain. The Purkinje layer allows communication between the granular and molecular cortical layers in the cerebellum. Put simply, without Purkinje cells, an animal loses its sense of space and distance, making balance and coordination difficult. People with damage to the cerebellum can experience symptoms like unsteady gait, poor muscle control, and trouble speaking or swallowing.
Actinomycosis can be categorized in three separate ways, when it is a moveable tumour or lump on the jaw area it is referred to as lump jaw, when it spreads into the hard bone of the jaw it is referred to as big jaw and when it affects the tongue it is referred to as wooden tongue. Although all three have different names and areas of infection, they are all caused by the same buildup of bacteria.
Brachycephalic syndrome is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead to severe respiratory distress. There are four different anatomical abnormalities that contribute to the disease, all of which occur more commonly in brachycephalic breeds: an elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, a hypoplastic trachea, and everted laryngeal saccules. Because all of these components make it more difficult to breathe, in situations of exercise, stress, or heat, an animal with these abnormalities may be unable to take deep or fast enough breaths to blow off carbon dioxide. This leads to distress and further increases respiratory rate and heart rate, creating a vicious circle that can quickly lead to a life-threatening situation.
References
- ↑ "Craniomandibular Osteopathy". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
- 1 2 Ettinger, Stephen J.; Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
- 1 2 Huchkowsky S (2002). "Craniomandibular osteopathy in a bullmastiff". Can Vet J. 43 (11): 883–5. PMC 339767 . PMID 12497967.
- ↑ Hazewinkel, Herman A.W. (2004). "Hereditary Skeletal Diseases in Companion Animal Practice". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2006-08-26.
- ↑ McConnell J, Hayes A, Platt S, Smith K (2006). "Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in two bullmastiffs". Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 47 (1): 72–7. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00108.x. PMID 16429988.
- ↑ Pastor K, Boulay J, Schelling S, Carpenter J (2000). "Idiopathic hyperostosis of the calvaria in five young bullmastiffs". J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 36 (5): 439–45. PMID 10997521.
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