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Clark County is a county located in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,446. The county seat is Arkadelphia. The Arkadelphia, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Clark County.
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language.
Shiloh Indian Mounds Site (40HR7) is an archaeological site of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture. It is located beside the Tennessee River on the grounds of the Shiloh National Military Park, in Hardin County of southwestern Tennessee. A National Historic Landmark, it is one of the largest Woodland era sites in the southeastern United States.
Spiro Mounds is an Indigenous archaeological site located in present-day eastern Oklahoma. The site was built by people from the Arkansas Valley Caddoan culture. that remains from an American Indian culture that was part of the major northern Caddoan Mississippian culture. The 80-acre site is located within a floodplain on the southern side of the Arkansas River. The modern town of Spiro developed approximately seven miles to the south.
The Nodena site is an archeological site east of Wilson, Arkansas, and northeast of Reverie, Tennessee, in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. Around 1400–1650 CE an aboriginal palisaded village existed in the Nodena area on a meander bend of the Mississippi River. The Nodena site was discovered and first documented by Dr. James K. Hampson, archaeologist and owner of the plantation on which the Nodena site is located. Artifacts from this site are on display in the Hampson Museum State Park in Wilson, Arkansas. The Nodena site is the type site for the Nodena phase, believed by many archaeologists to be the province of Pacaha visited by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1542.
The Menard–Hodges site (3AR4), is an archaeological site in Arkansas County, Arkansas. It includes two large platform mounds as well as several house mounds. It is the type site for the Menard phase, a protohistoric Mississippian culture group.
Parkin Archeological State Park, also known as Parkin Indian Mound, is an archeological site and state park in Parkin, Cross County, Arkansas. Around 1350–1650 CE an aboriginal palisaded village existed at the site, at the confluence of the St. Francis and Tyronza rivers. Artifacts from this site are on display at the site museum. The Parkin site is the type site for the Parkin phase, an expression of the Mississippian culture from the Late Mississippian period. Many archeologists believe it to be part of the province of Casqui, documented as visited by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1542. Archeological artifacts from the village of the Parkin people are dated to 1400–1650 CE.
Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park, formerly known as "Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park", also known as Knapp Mounds, Toltec Mounds or Toltec Mounds site, is an archaeological site from the Late Woodland period in Arkansas that protects an 18-mound complex with the tallest surviving prehistoric mounds in Arkansas. The site is on the banks of Mound Lake, an oxbow lake of the Arkansas River. It was occupied by its original inhabitants from the 7th to the 11th century. The site is designated as a National Historic Landmark.
The Holly Bluff site, sometimes known as the Lake George Site, and locally as "The Mound Place," is an archaeological site that is a type site for the Lake George phase of the prehistoric Plaquemine culture period of the area. The site is on the southern margin of the Mississippian cultural advance down the Mississippi River and on the northern edge of that of the Cole's Creek and Plaquemine cultures of the South." The site was first excavated by Clarence Bloomfield Moore in 1908 and tested by Philip Phillips, Paul Gebhard and Nick Zeigler in 1949.
Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village is a tourist attraction near Murfreesboro, Arkansas. The site may be a late Caddo settlement, but has never been professionally excavated.
The Caddoan Mississippian culture was a prehistoric Native American culture considered by archaeologists as a variant of the Mississippian culture. The Caddoan Mississippians covered a large territory, including what is now Eastern Oklahoma, Western Arkansas, Northeast Texas, Southwest Missouri and Northwest Louisiana of the United States.
Pharr Mounds is a Middle Woodland period archaeological site located near Tupelo in parts of Itawamba and Prentiss counties in northern Mississippi. This complex was made of earthwork mounds.
Caddo Mounds State Historic Site (41CE19) is an archaeological site in Weeping Mary, Texas. This Caddoan Mississippian culture site is composed of a village and ceremonial center that features two earthwork platform mounds and one burial mound. Located on a precontact Native American trail later named by the Spanish as El Camino Real de los Tejas, the settlement developed hundreds of years before the arrival of Europeans to the region. Archaeologists believe the site was created in approximately 800 CE, with most major construction taking place between 1100 and 1300 CE.
The Hughes Mound Site, (3SA11), is an archeological site in Saline County, Arkansas near Benton. The 4.5-acre (1.8 ha) is an important Caddoan Mississippian culture village center, at the northeastern frontier of that civilization. It is the only known platform mound site south of Benton on the Saline River. The site has not been dated, but artifacts found there are consistent with the Caddoan period; no contact-period artifacts have been found.
Boone's Mounds are a ceremonial site of the Coles Creek culture located in Calhoun County, Arkansas. The site is one of the largest mound sites in the Ouachita River valley. Archeological excavation at the site has yielded dates of occupation as early as 600 AD, and it may still have been in use during the early contact period, c. 1700. The site was located on private property at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The Keller Site is a prehistoric ceremonial center located on a former plantation property in Calhoun County, Arkansas. It consists of a group of burial mounds that were apparently first established by the Coles Creek culture, and the area also saw use in the Caddoan period, c. 1200 CE. The site was partially excavated in 1909 by Clarence B. Moore. The site, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, is primarily notable because it is relatively undisturbed, providing the potential for further fruitful research.
The Ross Site designated 3CL401, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Clark County, Arkansas, near the small town of Whelen Springs. The site includes two Native American mounds from the Caddoan culture, which have been dated to AD 1400–1600. It is one of a small number of Caddoan sites in southwestern Arkansas. The site was relatively unscathed until the mid-1980s, having never been plowed over, thus leaving intact potential ground-level features other than the mounds.
The Alamo Hueco Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The site was inhabited from 600 to 1350 A.D., a period which spanned the San Luis phase, the Mimbres phase, and the Animas phase. The inhabitants of the site built several adobe mounds; while the mounds have been extensively vandalized, two large mounds still contain hundreds of rooms and significant cultural deposits. Materials recovered from the site include ceramics, lithic scatters, and cobbles.
References
- 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ↑ Crenshaw site
- ↑ Texas Beyond History, Early Caddo, A.D. 800-1200
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