DDX21

DDX21
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2M3D
Identifiers
Aliases	DDX21 , GUA, GURDB, RH-II/GU, RH-II/GuA, DEAD-box helicase 21, DExD-box helicase 21
External IDs	OMIM: 606357; MGI: 1860494; HomoloGene: 3473; GeneCards: DDX21; OMA:DDX21 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human) [1] Band 10q22.1 Start 68,956,135 bp [1] End 68,985,068 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse) [2] Band 10 B4|10 32.43 cM Start 62,416,030 bp [2] End 62,438,060 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pericardium cartilage tissue mucosa of urinary bladder mucosa of pharynx gingival epithelium vena cava lower lobe of lung nipple lactiferous duct human penis Top expressed in epiblast cumulus cell somite primitive streak tail of embryo hair follicle mandibular prominence maxillary prominence abdominal wall ventricular zone More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding rRNA binding helicase activity 7SK snRNA binding protein binding nucleic acid binding double-stranded RNA binding hydrolase activity ATP binding snoRNA binding RNA binding miRNA binding identical protein binding Cellular component membrane nucleoplasm nucleus nucleolus cytoplasm mitochondrion cytosol Biological process epigenetic maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation response to exogenous dsRNA response to virus transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription, DNA-templated osteoblast differentiation RNA secondary structure unwinding rRNA processing immune system process positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling innate immune response defense response to virus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9188 56200 Ensembl ENSG00000165732 ENSMUSG00000020075 UniProt Q9NR30 Q9JIK5 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001256910 NM_004728 NM_019553 RefSeq (protein) NP_001243839 NP_004719 NP_062426 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 68.96 – 68.99 Mb Chr 10: 62.42 – 62.44 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Nucleolar RNA helicase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX21 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Function

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is an antigen recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a patient with watermelon stomach disease. This protein unwinds double-stranded RNA, folds single-stranded RNA, and may play important roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, RNA editing, RNA transport, and general transcription. ^[6]

Interactions

DDX21 has been shown to interact with C-jun. ^[7] DDX21 has been reported to bind to AU-rich elements (AREs) and confer mTOR-mediated translation control during T cell activation. ^[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000165732 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020075 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Valdez BC, Henning D, Busch RK, Woods K, Flores-Rozas H, Hurwitz J, Perlaky L, Busch H (Jun 1996). "A nucleolar RNA helicase recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a patient with watermelon stomach disease". Nucleic Acids Res. 24 (7): 1220–4. doi:10.1093/nar/24.7.1220. PMC   145780 . PMID   8614622.
6. "Entrez Gene: DDX21 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 21".
7. Westermarck J, Weiss C, Saffrich R, Kast J, Musti AM, Wessely M, Ansorge W, Séraphin B, Wilm M, Valdez BC, Bohmann D (Feb 2002). "The DEXD/H-box RNA helicase RHII/Gu is a co-factor for c-Jun-activated transcription". EMBO J. 21 (3): 451–60. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.3.451. PMC   125820 . PMID   11823437.
8. Jurgens AP, Zwijnen J, Bradarić A, van Alphen FP, Bresser K, Rooijers K, Hoogendijk AJ, Popović B, Wolkers MC (2025-12-04). "mTOR signaling during T cell activation promotes cytokine production in T cells through 3' UTR-mediated translation control". Molecular Cell. 85 (23): 4452–4462.e5. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2025.11.005. ISSN   1097-4164. PMID   41349520.

Further reading

• Valdez BC, Henning D, Perlaky L, Busch RK, Busch H (1997). "Cloning and characterization of Gu/RH-II binding protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 234 (2): 335–40. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6642. PMID   9177271.
• Valdez BC, Wang W (2000). "Mouse RNA helicase II/Gu: cDNA and genomic sequences, chromosomal localization, and regulation of expression". Genomics. 66 (2): 184–94. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6209. PMID   10860663.
• Zhu K, Henning D, Valdez B, Busch H (2001). "Human RNA helicase II/Gu gene: genomic organization and promoter analysis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 281 (4): 1006–11. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4446. PMID   11237763.
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI (2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Curr. Biol. 12 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2002CBio...12....1A. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . PMID   11790298. S2CID   14132033.
• Westermarck J, Weiss C, Saffrich R, Kast J, Musti AM, Wessely M, Ansorge W, Séraphin B, Wilm M, Valdez BC, Bohmann D (2002). "The DEXD/H-box RNA helicase RHII/Gu is a co-factor for c-Jun-activated transcription". EMBO J. 21 (3): 451–60. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.3.451. PMC   125820 . PMID   11823437.
• Valdez BC, Yang H, Hong E, Sequitin AM (2002). "Genomic structure of newly identified paralogue of RNA helicase II/Gu: detection of pseudogenes and multiple alternatively spliced mRNAs". Gene. 284 (1–2): 53–61. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00888-5. PMID   11891046.
• Henning D, So RB, Jin R, Lau LF, Valdez BC (2003). "Silencing of RNA helicase II/Gualpha inhibits mammalian ribosomal RNA production". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (52): 52307–14. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M310846200 . PMID   14559904.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . PMC   514446 . PMID   15302935.
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, Ong SE, Lyon CE, Lamond AI, Mann M (2005). "Nucleolar proteome dynamics". Nature. 433 (7021): 77–83. Bibcode:2005Natur.433...77A. doi:10.1038/nature03207. PMID   15635413. S2CID   4344740.
• Yang H, Henning D, Valdez BC (2005). "Functional interaction between RNA helicase II/Gu(alpha) and ribosomal protein L4". FEBS J. 272 (15): 3788–802. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04811.x. PMID   16045751. S2CID   85629514.
• Nousiainen M, Silljé HH, Sauer G, Nigg EA, Körner R (2006). "Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (14): 5391–6. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.5391N. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507066103 . PMC   1459365 . PMID   16565220.
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M (2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . PMID   17081983. S2CID   7827573.
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC   1847948 . PMID   17353931.