Related Research Articles
Small GTPases, also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, but unlike the alpha subunit of G proteins, a small GTPase can function independently as a hydrolase enzyme to bind to and hydrolyze a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The best-known members are the Ras GTPases and hence they are sometimes called Ras subfamily GTPases.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). A variety of unrelated structural domains have been shown to exhibit guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Some GEFs can activate multiple GTPases while others are specific to a single GTPase.
FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 1 (FGD1) also known as faciogenital dysplasia 1 protein (FGDY), zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (ZFYVE3), or Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor FGD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGD1 gene that lies on the X chromosome. Orthologs of the FGD1 gene are found in dog, cow, mouse, rat, and zebrafish, and also budding yeast and C. elegans. It is a member of the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing family.
RhoGEF domain describes two distinct structural domains with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate small GTPases in the Rho family. Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ARHGEF6 gene.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1 (Dock1), also (DOCK180), is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK1 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is the mammalian ortholog of the C. elegans protein CED-5 and belongs to the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs).
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF2 gene.
RhoG is a small monomeric GTP-binding protein, and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways. It is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins and is encoded by the gene RHOG.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 2 (Dock2) is a protein encoded in the human by the DOCK2 gene. Dock2 is a large protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-A subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock2 specifically activates isoforms of the small G protein Rac.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein (Dock7) is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK7 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-C subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock7 activates isoforms of the small G protein Rac.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 10 (Dock10), also known as Zizimin3, is a large protein involved in intracellular signalling networks that in humans is encoded by the DOCK10 gene. It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which function as activators of small G-proteins.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4 (Dock4), is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK4 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-B subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock4 activates the small G proteins Rac and Rap1.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 8 (Dock8) is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK8 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-C subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 3 (Dock3), also known as MOCA and PBP, is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK3 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-B subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock3 specifically activates the small G protein Rac.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 9 (Dock9), also known as Zizimin1, is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK9 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock9 activates the small G protein Cdc42.
DOCK is a family of related proteins involved in intracellular signalling networks. DOCK family members contain a RhoGEF domain to function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors to promote GDP release and GTP binding to specific Small GTPases of the Rho family, leading to their activation since Rho proteins are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP.
DHR1, also known as CZH1 or Docker1, is a protein domain of approximately 200–250 amino acids that is present in the DOCK family of signalling proteins. This domain binds phospholipids and so may assist in recruitment to cellular membranes. There is evidence that this domain may also mediate protein–protein interactions.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 5 (Dock5) is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK5 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-A subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock5 is predicted to activate the small G protein Rac.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 6 (Dock6), also known as Zir1 is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK6 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-C subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors which function as activators of small G-proteins.
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 11 (Dock11), also known as Zizimin2, is a large protein encoded in the human by the DOCK11 gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as activators of small G-proteins. Dock11 activates the small G protein Cdc42.
References
- ↑ Meller N, Merlot S, Guda C (November 2005). "CZH proteins: a new family of Rho-GEFs". J. Cell Sci. 118 (Pt 21): 4937–46. doi: 10.1242/jcs.02671 . PMID 16254241.
- ↑ Côté JF, Vuori K (December 2002). "Identification of an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of DOCK180-related proteins with guanine nucleotide exchange activity". J. Cell Sci. 115 (Pt 24): 4901–13. doi: 10.1242/jcs.00219 . PMID 12432077.