Related Research Articles
The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign within the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1958 to 1962,led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Party Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to reconstruct the country from an agrarian economy into an industrialized society through the formation of people's communes. Millions of people died in mainland China during the Great Leap,with estimates based on demographic reconstruction ranging from 15 to 55 million,making the Great Chinese Famine the largest or second-largest famine in human history.
Wei Jingsheng is a Chinese human rights activist and dissident. He is best known for his involvement in the Chinese democracy movement. He is most prominent for having authored the essay "The Fifth Modernization",which was posted on the Democracy Wall in Beijing in 1978. As punishment for writing his manifesto,Wei was arrested and convicted of "counter-revolutionary" activities,and he was detained as a political prisoner from 1979 to 1993. Briefly released in 1993,Wei continued to engage in his dissident activities by speaking to visiting journalists,and as punishment,he was imprisoned again from 1994 to 1997,making it a total of 18 years he has spent in various prisons. He was deported to the United States of America on 16 November 1997,on medical parole. Still a Chinese citizen,in 1998 Wei established the Wei Jingsheng Foundation in New York City whose stated aim is to work to improve human rights and advocate democratisation in China.
The Great Chinese Famine was a famine that occurred between 1959 and 1961 in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Some scholars have also included the years 1958 or 1962. It is widely regarded as the deadliest famine and one of the greatest man-made disasters in human history,with an estimated death toll due to starvation that ranges in the tens of millions. The most stricken provinces were Anhui,Chongqing (15%),Sichuan (13%),Guizhou (11%) and Hunan (8%).
The people's commune was the highest of three administrative levels in rural areas of the People's Republic of China during the period from 1958 to 1983,until they were replaced by townships. Communes,the largest collective units,were divided in turn into production brigades and production teams. The people's commune collectivized living and working practices. Many individual homes were abolished in favour of communal residences,with many houses taken apart and demolished. Regardless of age or relationship,many men and women lived separately,and often,multiple families were placed in the same communal homes. One's land,tools,resources were pooled together,with working hours and farming practices completely dictated by the CCP.
The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since 1 October 1949,when CCP chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen,after a near complete victory (1949) by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The PRC is the most recent political entity to govern mainland China,preceded by the Republic of China and thousands of years of monarchical dynasties. The paramount leaders have been Mao Zedong (1949–1976);Hua Guofeng (1976–1978);Deng Xiaoping (1978–1989);Jiang Zemin (1989–2002);Hu Jintao (2002–2012);and Xi Jinping.
Yang Jisheng is a Chinese journalist and author. His work include Tombstone (墓碑),a comprehensive account of the Great Chinese Famine during the Great Leap Forward,and The World Turned Upside Down (天地翻覆),a history of the Cultural Revolution. Yang joined the Communist Party in 1964 and graduated from Tsinghua University in 1966. He promptly joined Xinhua News Agency,where he worked until his retirement in 2001. His loyalty to the party was destroyed by the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.
Hungry Ghosts:Mao's Secret Famine is a book about the Great Chinese Famine by British author Jasper Becker,the former Beijing bureau chief for the South China Morning Post. Becker interviewed peasants in Henan Province and Anhui Province,both of which were significantly affected by the famine. Hungry Ghosts was the first major English book to provide a "comprehensive accessible account" of the man-made famine.
Liu Shaoqi was a Chinese revolutionary and politician. He was the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1954 to 1959,first-ranking vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from 1956 to 1966,and the chairman of the People's Republic of China,the head of state from 1959 to 1968. He was considered to be a possible successor to Mao Zedong,but was purged during the Cultural Revolution.
Yang Xiaobo was a Chinese structural engineer,politician,and insurance executive. He served as President of the Central South Architectural Design Institute (2003–2007),Mayor of Huangshi,Hubei (2009–2014),and President of Changjiang Property Insurance Company (2014–2020),and was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress (2013–2018). He died of severe pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei.
Li Jingquan was a Chinese politician and the first Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Sichuan following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. He supported many of Mao Zedong's policies including the Great Leap Forward.
Chen Junsheng was a Chinese politician. As a provincial official in Heilongjiang in the early 1980s,he distinguished himself as an advocate of the household responsibility system,resulting in the implementation of the reform in China's last bastion of collective agriculture. Consequently,he was elevated to the national government and served as Secretary-General of the State Council (1985–1988),State Councillor (1988–1998),and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1998–2002).
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in January 2020,the virus which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified in Wuhan,China,in December 2019.
The Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences is a research institute on virology administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),which reports to the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The institute is one of nine independent organisations in the Wuhan Branch of the CAS. Located in Jiangxia District,Wuhan,Hubei,it was founded in 1956 and opened mainland China's first biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory in 2018. The institute has collaborated with the Galveston National Laboratory in the United States,the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie in France,and the National Microbiology Laboratory in Canada. The institute has been an active premier research center for the study of coronaviruses.
Wang Chen is a Chinese pulmonologist and physician currently serving as vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and president of the Peking Union Medical College. He is a member of the Chinese Hospital Association (CHA) and Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA).
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019,the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 known to have been identified were in Wuhan,Hubei,China,in December 2019. It marked the beginning of the 2019–2020 COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China.
The Seven-Thousand Cadres Conference was one of the largest work conferences ever of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It took place in Beijing,China,from 11 January to 7 February 1962. The conference was attended by over 7,000 party officials nationwide,focusing on the issues of the Great Leap Forward which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions in the Great Chinese Famine. CCP chairman Mao Zedong made self-criticism during the conference,after which he took a semi-retired role,leaving future responsibilities to Chinese President Liu Shaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping.
Yang Yao is a Chinese economist,academic and author. He is a professor,director of China Center for Economic Research and Dean of National School of Development at Peking University. He is the executive director of the Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development and is an editor of China Economic Quarterly. Yao is also appointed by Ministry of Education as Cheung-Kong Scholar Chair Professor.
The Chinese government has actively engaged in disinformation to downplay the emergence of COVID-19 in China and manipulate information about its spread around the world. The government also detained whistleblowers and journalists claiming they were spreading rumors when they were publicly raising concerns about people being hospitalized for a "mysterious illness" resembling SARS.
During the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China,the government of China under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration pursued a zero-COVID strategy to prevent the domestic spread of COVID-19 until late 2022. Aspects of the response have been controversial,with the zero-COVID approach being praised and the government's lack of transparency,censorship,and spread of misinformation being criticized. The government abandoned its zero-COVID policy on 7 December 2022.
The COVID-19 pandemic in China is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). China was the first country to experience an outbreak of the disease,the first to impose drastic measures in response,and one of the first countries to bring the outbreak under control.
References
- ↑ Prof. Dali Yang appointed faculty director of Center in Beijing, February 23, 2010, Archived 2010-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Confucius Institute launched to support faculty and student research on China. Archived 2010-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Yang, Biographical Profile. http://www.nus.edu.sg/NUSinfo/EAI/Yang%20Dali.pdf
- ↑ "China's Great Leap Forward".
- ↑ Dali L. Yang, Huayu Xu, and Ran Tao, "A Tragedy of the Nomenklatura? Career incentives, political loyalty and political radicalism during China's Great Leap Forward," Journal of Contemporary China published on line March 21, 2014, DOI:10.1080/13603116.2014.882560.
- ↑ Gabriella Montinola, Yingyi Qian, and Barry R. Weingast, "Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China," World Politics, October 1995, 48(1), pp. 50-81
- ↑ Dali Yang, "Economic Transformation and Its Political Discontents in China: Authoritarianism, Unequal Growth, and the Dilemmas of Political Development," Annual Review of Political Science, no. 9 (2006), pp. 143-164
- ↑ Remaking the Chinese Leviathan, p. 311.
- ↑ Yang, research papers at http://daliyang.com/researchpapers.html Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine ; Dali Yang and Alan Leung, "The Politics of Sports Anti-Doping in China," China: An International Journal, 6, no. 1 (March 2008), pp. 121-148.
- ↑ Dali Yang, "Regulatory Learning and Its Discontents in China: Promise and Tragedy at the State Food and Drug Administration," in John Gillespie and Randall Peerenboom, eds., Pushing Back Globalization, Routledge, 2009.
- ↑ Waikeung Tam and Dali Yang, “Food Safety and the Development of Regulatory Institutions in China,” Asian Perspective, vol. 29, no. 4 (2005), 5-36.
- ↑ "Analysis | Wuhan officials tried to cover up covid-19 — and sent it careening outward". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ↑ "Beijing battles 'crisis of Chernobyl proportions' in coronavirus outbreak". South China Morning Post. 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ↑ "CNN.com - Transcripts". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Yang, Dali L. (2021). "The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Estrangement of US-China Relations". Asian Perspective. 45 (1): 7–31. doi:10.1353/apr.2021.0011. ISSN 2288-2871.
- ↑ Issues, Initiative for U. S.-China Dialogue on Global. "Cognition, Information, and the Politics of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China". uschinadialogue.georgetown.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ↑ "China's Zero-COVID Campaign and the Body Politic". online.ucpress.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
