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Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science,to design,analyze,manufacture,and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering branches.
The Leidenfrost effect is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid,close to a solid surface of another body that is significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point,produces an insulating vapor layer that keeps the liquid from boiling rapidly. Because of this repulsive force,a droplet hovers over the surface,rather than making physical contact with it. The effect is named after the German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost,who described it in A Tract About Some Qualities of Common Water.
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications,including water heating,central heating,boiler-based power generation,cooking,and sanitation.
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation,use,conversion,and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms,such as thermal conduction,thermal convection,thermal radiation,and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species,either cold or hot,to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms have distinct characteristics,they often occur simultaneously in the same system.
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a forensic discipline focused on analyzing bloodstains left at known,or suspected crime scenes through visual pattern recognition and physics-based assessments. This is done with the purpose of drawing inferences about the nature,timing and other details of the crime. At its core,BPA revolves around recognizing and categorizing bloodstain patterns,a task essential for reconstructing events in crimes or accidents,verifying statements made during investigations,resolving uncertainties about involvement in a crime,identifying areas with a high likelihood of offender movement for prioritized DNA sampling,and discerning between homicides,suicides,and accidents.
Applied mechanics is the branch of science concerned with the motion of any substance that can be experienced or perceived by humans without the help of instruments. In short,when mechanics concepts surpass being theoretical and are applied and executed,general mechanics becomes applied mechanics. It is this stark difference that makes applied mechanics an essential understanding for practical everyday life. It has numerous applications in a wide variety of fields and disciplines,including but not limited to structural engineering,astronomy,oceanography,meteorology,hydraulics,mechanical engineering,aerospace engineering,nanotechnology,structural design,earthquake engineering,fluid dynamics,planetary sciences,and other life sciences. Connecting research between numerous disciplines,applied mechanics plays an important role in both science and engineering.
A bubble is a globule of a gas substance in a liquid. In the opposite case,a globule of a liquid in a gas,is called a drop. Due to the Marangoni effect,bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance.
In fluid thermodynamics,nucleate boiling is a type of boiling that takes place when the surface temperature is hotter than the saturated fluid temperature by a certain amount but where the heat flux is below the critical heat flux. For water,as shown in the graph below,nucleate boiling occurs when the surface temperature is higher than the saturation temperature by between 10 and 30 °C. The critical heat flux is the peak on the curve between nucleate boiling and transition boiling. The heat transfer from surface to liquid is greater than that in film boiling.
Yuwen Zhang is a Chinese American professor of mechanical engineering who is well known for his contributions to phase change heat transfer. He is presently a Curators' Distinguished Professor and Huber and Helen Croft Chair in Engineering in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Missouri in Columbia,Missouri.
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter,and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape.
Gretar Tryggvason is Department Head of Mechanical Engineering and Charles A. Miller Jr. Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for developing the front tracking method to simulate multiphase flows and free surface flows. Tryggvason was the editor-in-chief of Journal of Computational Physics from 2002–2015.
Dudley Brian Spalding,FRS FREng was Professor of Heat Transfer and Head of the Computational Fluid Dynamics Unit at Imperial College,London. He was one of the founders of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an internationally recognized contributor to the fields of heat transfer,fluid mechanics and combustion. He created the practice of CFD –its application to problems of interest to engineers. Most of today’s commercially available CFD software tools trace their origin to the work done by Spalding's group in the decade spanning the mid-60s and mid-70s. Spalding became a Fellow of the Royal Society and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Max Jakob was a German physicist known for his work in the field of thermal science.
Nancy Burr Deloye Fitzroy was an American engineer specializing in heat transfer and fluid dynamics. She was one of the first female helicopter pilots.
HemoSpat is bloodstain pattern analysis software created by FORident Software in 2006. Using photos from a bloodshed incident at a crime scene,a bloodstain pattern analyst can use HemoSpat to calculate the area-of-origin of impact patterns. This information may be useful for determining position and posture of suspects and victims,sequencing of events,corroborating or refuting testimony,and for crime scene reconstruction.
Gautam Biswas is a professor of mechanical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur. Earlier,he has been the director of Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati,and director of the CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute at Durgapur. As a faculty member of IIT Kanpur,he has served the Institute in various capacities including the Dean of Academic Affairs.
Lloyd MacGregor Trefethen was an American expert in fluid dynamics known for his invention of the heat pipe and his research on the Coriolis effect and card shuffling. He worked for many years as a professor of mechanical engineering at Tufts University.
David S-K Ting is a Canadian academic,author and researcher. He is a professor of mechanical,automotive &materials engineering at the University of Windsor. He is the founder of the Turbulence &Energy Laboratory.
Kambiz Vafai is a mechanical engineer,inventor,academic and author. He has taken on the roles of Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the Director of Bourns College of Engineering Online Master-of-Science in Engineering Program at the University of California,Riverside.
Amy Rachel Betz is an American materials scientist whose research investigates the effects of water-attracting and water-repelling surfaces on heat transfer and on icing of aircraft surfaces. She is an associate professor of mechanical and nuclear engineering at Kansas State University,where she also serves as assistant dean for retention,diversity and inclusion.
References
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- 1 2 "CAREER: Investigation of bubble dynamics in microscale geometries, with applications in bioengineering and microfluidics".
- ↑ "ASME Fellows" (PDF).
- ↑ "Call for Papers: ASME Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine" (PDF).
- ↑ "Daniel Attinger".
- 1 2 "Iowa State professor to leave in free speech lawsuit settlement".
- ↑ "Daniel Attinger" (PDF).
- 1 2 "How a Dubious Forensic Science Spread Like a Virus".
- ↑ "Iowa State professor agrees to settlement in free speech lawsuit".
- ↑ "Struo LLC".
- ↑ "An Experimental Study of Molten Microdroplet Surface Deposition and Solidification: Transient Behavior and Wetting Angle Dynamics".
- ↑ "Numerical investigation into the effect of surface wettability in pool boiling heat transfer with a stochastic-automata model".
- ↑ "Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities".
- ↑ "Determining the region of origin of blood spatter patterns considering fluid dynamics and statistical uncertainties".
- ↑ "Charts based on big data from fluid dynamics simulations provide a simple tool to estimate how far from its source a specific blood stain can be found".
- ↑ "A data set of bloodstain patterns for teaching and research in bloodstain pattern analysis: Gunshot backspatters".
- ↑ "A data set of bloodstain patterns for teaching and research in bloodstain pattern analysis: Impact beating spatters".
- ↑ "The Fascinating Physics of Blood Splatters".
- ↑ "What is Bloodstain Pattern Forensic Analysis?".
- ↑ "Acoustic excitation of superharmonic capillary waves on a meniscus in a planar micro-geometry".
- ↑ "Drop on demand in a microfluidic chip".
- ↑ Bhardwaj, Rajneesh; Fang, Xiaohua; Attinger, Daniel (2009). "Pattern formation during the evaporation of a colloidal nanoliter drop: a numerical and experimental study". New Journal of Physics. 11 (7): 075020. arXiv: 1010.2560 . Bibcode:2009NJPh...11g5020B. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/075020. S2CID 54946067.
- ↑ "Prediction of blood back spatter from a gunshot in bloodstain pattern analysis".
- ↑ "Hydrodynamics of back spatter by blunt bullet gunshot with a link to bloodstain pattern analysis".
- ↑ "Boiling Heat Transfer on Superhydrophilic, Superhydrophobic, and Superbiphilic Surfaces".
- ↑ "Dropwise Condensation on Multiscale Bioinspired Metallic Surfaces with Nanofeatures".
- ↑ "CoE faculty members receive Presidential Initiative awards".
