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Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical ancient Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture. Roman architecture flourished in the Roman Republic and to an even greater extent under the Empire, when the great majority of surviving buildings were constructed. It used new materials, particularly Roman concrete, and newer technologies such as the arch and the dome to make buildings that were typically strong and well engineered. Large numbers remain in some form across the former empire, sometimes complete and still in use today.
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The Alcantarilla Dam is a Roman gravity dam built to supply water to the Roman city of Toletum –present-day Toledo, Spain–, in the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. It was built in the 2nd century BC on a tributary of the River Tagus. Currently in ruins, it is located in present-day Mazarambroz (Toledo). It is believed to be the oldest dam in Spain, and is possibly the oldest known Roman dam.
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The Band-e Kaisar, Pol-e Kaisar, Bridge of Valerian or Shadirwan was an ancient arch bridge in the city of Shushtar, Khuzestan province, Iran, and the first in the country to combine it with a dam. Built by the Sassanids during the 3rd century CE, using Roman prisoners of war as the workforce, it is the easternmost example of Roman bridge design and Roman dam. Its dual-purpose design exerted a profound influence on Iranian civil engineering and was instrumental in developing Sassanid water management techniques.
References
- ↑ Smith 1971 , pp. 54f.; Schnitter 1987a , p. 13; Schnitter 1987b , p. 80; Hodge 1992 , p. 92; Hodge 2000 , p. 332, fn. 2
- 1 2 3 4 Garbrecht & Vogel 1991 , pp. 266–270
- ↑ Smith 1971 , pp. 54f.; Schnitter 1978 , p. 32; Schnitter 1987a , p. 13; Schnitter 1987b , p. 80; Hodge 1992 , p. 92; Hodge 2000 , p. 332, fn. 2
- ↑ Smith 1971 , pp. 53f.
- ↑ Garbrecht 2004 , p. 130
- ↑ Garbrecht & Vogel 1991 , p. 270
