David G. Anderson

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David G. Anderson (born 1949) is an archaeologist in the department of anthropology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, who specializes in Southeastern archaeology. His professional interests include climate change and human response, exploring the development of cultural complexity in Eastern North America, maintaining and improving the nation's Cultural Resource management (CRM) program, teaching and writing about archaeology, and developing technical and popular syntheses of archaeological research. He is the project director of the on-line Paleoindian Database of the Americas (PIDBA). and a co-director, with Joshua J. Wells, Eric C, Kansa, and Sarah Whitcher Kansa, of the Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA)

Contents

The majority of Anderson's career has been involved in Cultural Resources Management (CRM) archaeology. Graduating from high school in Milledgeville, Georgia, he went to Case Western Reserve University for his undergraduate education. He did not have an interest in anthropology initially, but switched to it after taking classes in physics, biology, and classics. The change was inspired by an introductory anthropology course he took during his sophomore year. Anthropology intrigued Anderson because it focused on major questions of human existence, such as why people fought wars, practice religion, or organized themselves the way they do in groups and cultures. The major historical figures of the field of anthropology were not afraid to tackle big questions or to challenge accepted stereotypes about race or culture, and this appealed to Anderson's 1960s-era idealism. [1] Because of his own experience, Anderson feels that well-taught introductory courses in archaeology or anthropology can be crucial in recruiting new members to the profession.[ citation needed ]

Upon graduation with a BA in 1972, Anderson volunteered on archaeological field projects in southwestern New Mexico for several months. Continuing with volunteer work over the next two years, in 1974, Anderson began his first full-time job in archaeology at the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (SCIAA) in a research assistant's position largely funded by CRM work. At SCIAA his mentors included Robert L. Stephenson, Leland Ferguson; Albert Goodyear, and Stanley A. South. He subsequently received an assistantship with the Arkansas Archaeological Survey that enabled him to complete an M.A. in anthropology at the University of Arkansas. While at Arkansas, Anderson worked with materials from the Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park in central Arkansas under the direction of Martha Rolingson, and on the Zebree Homestead site, an early Mississippian period village that was being draglined away during the final 1976 field season as a part of a Corps of Engineers channelization project. The research at Zebree, a project directed by Dan Morse and Phyllis Morse, explored the emergence of Mississippian culture in this part of the Mississippi Valley. [2] Anderson recognized very early in his career that CRM offered exciting research opportunities; occasionally with massive levels of funding, and that an M.A. was sufficient for a person to direct such projects. The way to continue to have these opportunities, he recognized, was to conduct the best possible research and to write informative and interesting reports that touched on the lives of past peoples and not merely the description of artifacts and features, so that the funding agencies could see that their money was actually providing valuable information about past human behavior.[ citation needed ]

Upon the conclusion of the Zebree project in 1977, Anderson took a job for seven years with a CRM firm in Michigan, Commonwealth Associates, Inc. In this position, Anderson directed progressively larger survey and excavation projects in the southeast and southwest. [2] In 1983 Anderson enrolled in the University of Michigan anthropology doctoral program, where he spent the next three years on campus taking courses. After his classwork was completed in 1986, Anderson took a job with another CRM company, Garrow and Associates, in Atlanta, Georgia. With Garrow and associates, Anderson directed a major survey project in northeast Arkansas, examining approximately 90 miles (140 km) of the L'Anguille River channel margin, and also wrote two major archaeological syntheses, of the Richard B. Russell Multiple Resource Area CRM program (with J. W. Joseph). [3] and of the Fort Polk CRM program. [4] In 1988 he joined the National Park Service where he worked until 2004. That same year he was awarded a dissertation fellowship from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Associated Universities’ Laboratory Graduate Participation Program. The DOE fellowship gave Anderson an office in the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site facility near Williston, South Carolina, the rural community where his family currently resides. In 1974 and 1975, while with SCIAA, he had participated in the initial archaeological survey of the 328-square-mile (850 km2) complex. In 1990, Anderson completed his dissertation, Political Change in Chiefdom Societies: Cycling in the Late Prehistoric Southeastern United States, that focused on chiefly cycling, how and why these kinds of societies emerge, expand, and collapse. The dissertation was also a synthesis of Mississippian archaeology in the Savannah River basin, with much of the data obtained from CRM work. It was published in 1994 as The Savannah River Chiefdoms: Political Change in the Late Prehistoric Southeast. [5] Upon completion of his dissertation, Anderson returned to the National Park Service's Technical Assistance and Partnerships Division. In 2004, Anderson joined the Department of Anthropology at the University of Tennessee.

At the Andersons' restored plantation home in South Carolina, for many years they have held a barbecue for researchers working at the nearby Topper archaeological site, an event that drew leading paleontologists, archeologists and anthropologists from around the country. The home also is known for its atlatl practice range in the yard.[ citation needed ]

Background

Anderson was born in St. Louis, MO in 1949, but he spent his childhood and teenage years in various locations including in the northeast, midwest, and southeast, graduating from high school in Milledgeville, GA in 1967. Anderson received his BA in anthropology from Case Western Reserve University in 1972. He received his master's degree in anthropology in 1979 from the University of Arkansas, and he received his PhD from the University of Michigan with a dissertation on Political Change in Chiefdom Societies: Cycling in the Late Prehistoric Southeastern United States in 1990. Anderson has conducted field work and led field projects in many locations in the Eastern United States, as well as projects in the southwest and the Caribbean. His work is documented in over 200 publications, including some 40 technical monographs, and 7 books.

Employment history

Anderson has worked in many different jobs relating to archaeology. Currently (2009–present) he is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Tennessee, where he was previously an associate professor from 2004 to 2009. He joined the University of Tennessee faculty after spending 15 years with the National Park Service, first with the Interagency Archaeological Services Division from 1988 to 1996 in Atlanta, and from 1996 to 2003 with the Southeast Archeological Center in Tallahassee Florida. Anderson also worked as a research assistant with the University of South Carolina (1974–1975), as a Survey Assistant with the Arkansas Archeological Survey (1975–1977), and as an archaeologist with Commonwealth Associates, Inc. (1977–1983), and later, after attending graduate school at the University of Michigan (1983–1986), as an archaeologist with Garrow and Associates, Inc. (1986–1988).

Awards and honors

Anderson has received a number of professional awards from his colleagues, including being elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2014, and receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southeastern Archaeological Conference in 2018. Other recognitions include the Excellence in Cultural Resource Management Research Award from the Society for American Archaeology (1999), the Dissertation Prize from the Society for American Archaeology (1991), and the first C. B. Moore Award for Excellence in Southeastern Archaeological Studies by the Lower Mississippi Valley Survey/Southeastern Archaeological Conference (1990). In 2006 he was elected President-elect of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference and served as President of that organization from 2008 to 2010. He has served as president of the South Carolina Council of Professional Archaeologists (1992–1993), The Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology (2006–2007), and the Archaeological Society of South Carolina (1998–1999), and as an officer or board member in a number of state, regional, and national professional organizations.

Key excavations

Anderson has led or participated in numerous field or analysis projects, including at the Winn Canyon site, New Mexico (1972); the Cal Smoak site, South Carolina (1973–1974); [6] the Zebree Homestead and Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park sites, Arkansas (1975–1977); at several sites along Congaree Creek in South Carolina (1974–1978); at the Mattassee Lake sites, South Carolina (1979); [7] at Rucker's Bottom and several other sites in the Richard B. Russell Multiple Resource Area area, Georgia and South Carolina (1980–1988); [8] [9] in the L'Anguille River basin, Arkansas (1987); [10] at Fort Polk, Louisiana (1987–2003), [11] [12] at Fort Pulaski, Georgia (1990); on Water Island, U.S. Virgin Islands (1991–2000); [13] at the Shiloh Indian Mounds with John E. Cornelison, Jr., Shiloh National Military Park (1999–2004); on the Francis Marion National Forest, South Carolina (1980–present); [14] along the Cumberland River near Nashville, Tennessee (2009–2012); and at the Topper site in Allendale County, South Carolina (2015-2017) where the research focus was on the dense late precontact occupations.

Research Emphases

Anderson has helped develop models of Early Archaic settlement in the Southeast involving mobility and interaction at the band and macroband scale (with Glen Hanson)).; [15] Paleoindian colonization scenarios in the Americas, including the idea of 'staging areas' where early populations concentrated and from which they later radiated out over the surrounding region; [16] least cost movement pathways for initial colonizing populations in the Americas (with Chris Gillam); [17] and the causes of late prehistoric chiefly cycling behavior, the emergence and collapse of complex chiefdoms against a regional background of simple chiefdoms, [18] a concept initially noted by Marshall Sahlins [19] and elaborated upon by Henry T. Wright. Anderson has also examined global climate change including projected sea level rise and its impacts on prehistoric and early historic cultures in the Southeast and beyond; [20] [21] and has helped prepare edited volumes synthesizing research on the Paleoindian and Early Archaic, [22] Middle Archaic, [23] and Woodland [24] periods in the southeastern United States.

Selected books and monographs

Selected papers

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mississippian culture</span> Native American culture in the United States (800 - 1600)

The Mississippian culture was a Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600, varying regionally. It was known for building large, earthen platform mounds, and often other shaped mounds as well. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by loose trading networks. The largest city was Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center located in what is present-day southern Illinois.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodland period</span> Period of North American cultures (1000 BC - 1000 AD)

In the classification of archaeological cultures of North America, the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America, with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period, from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period. The term "Woodland Period" was introduced in the 1930s as a generic term for prehistoric sites falling between the Archaic hunter-gatherers and the agriculturalist Mississippian cultures. The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the Subarctic region, the Eastern United States, along to the Gulf of Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter</span>

The Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter, located on private property in Colbert County in northwestern Alabama, United States, is one of the most important prehistoric sites excavated in the state due to the archeological evidence deposited by the Paleo-Indians who once occupied the rock shelter. Lying in Sanderson Cove along a tributary of Cane Creek approximately seven miles (11 km) south of the Tennessee Valley, the shelter and the high bluffs of the surrounding valley provided a well-protected environment for the Native American occupants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thunderbird Archaeological District</span> Archaeological site in Virginia, United States

The Thunderbird Archaeological District, near Limeton, Virginia, is an archaeological district described as consisting of "three sites—Thunderbird Site, the Fifty Site, and the Fifty Bog—which provide a stratified cultural sequence spanning Paleo-Indian cultures through the end of Early Archaic times with scattered evidence of later occupation."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaeology of Iowa</span> Aspect of archaeology in the United States

The archaeology of Iowa is the study of the buried remains of human culture within the U.S. state of Iowa from the earliest prehistoric through the late historic periods. When the American Indians first arrived in what is now Iowa more than 13,000 years ago, they were hunters and gatherers living in a Pleistocene glacial landscape. By the time European explorers visited Iowa, American Indians were largely settled farmers with complex economic, social, and political systems. This transformation happened gradually. During the Archaic period American Indians adapted to local environments and ecosystems, slowly becoming more sedentary as populations increased. More than 3,000 years ago, during the Late Archaic period, American Indians in Iowa began utilizing domesticated plants. The subsequent Woodland period saw an increase on the reliance on agriculture and social complexity, with increased use of mounds, ceramics, and specialized subsistence. During the Late Prehistoric period increased use of maize and social changes led to social flourishing and nucleated settlements. The arrival of European trade goods and diseases in the Protohistoric period led to dramatic population shifts and economic and social upheaval, with the arrival of new tribes and early European explorers and traders. During the Historical period European traders and American Indians in Iowa gave way to American settlers and Iowa was transformed into an agricultural state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deptford culture</span> Archaeological culture in the United States of America

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Phyllis Morse (Anderson) is an American archaeologist.

Dan Franklin Morse is an archaeologist specializing in the prehistory of the midwestern United States and the central Mississippi Valley, research summarized in a number of books, monographs, and technical articles. He is best known for his 1983 synthesis of the "Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley" with Phyllis A. Morse, and for his 1997 volume issued by the Smithsonian Institution Press on "Sloan: A Paleoindian Dalton Cemetery in Arkansas." The Sloan site is the location of the oldest marked cemetery found to date in the Americas. He conducted excavations on a great many other significant archaeological sites during his career, including at Brand, Cahokia, Nodena, Parkin, and Zebree. Morse retired from his posts as Survey Archeologist for the Arkansas Archaeological Survey and as Professor of Anthropology at the University of Arkansas in 1997, after 30 years of service, but continues to work on publications and interact with students and colleagues on sites.

The Richard B. Russell Dam and Lake are located on the upper portion of the Savannah River drainage and its tributaries in Georgia and South Carolina. Many reservoirs were constructed in the southeast during the twentieth century, and archaeological investigations were conducted in many of them. The Richard B. Russell Dam and Lake are named after former U.S. Senator Richard Brevard Russell, Jr. From 1969 to 1985, numerous cultural resource investigations were undertaken in the reservoir also known as the Richard B. Russell Dam and Lake and the Richard B. Russell Multiple Resource Area. The work in the reservoir documented human occupation from the Paleoindian period all the way through to Historic Period.

Thomas Des Jean is an American anthropologist who has conducted extensive field research in the American Southeast, in CRM, and has worked for over twenty years with the National Park Service. He has recorded over a thousand archaeological sites in the Midsouth, as well as aided in the preservation of sites and the conviction of looters who have destroyed some of the archaeological record in the area.

The Paleoindian Database of the Americas (PIDBA), is a website dedicated to the compilation of projectile point and other relevant data pertaining to Paleoindian site assemblages across the Americas. As of April 2011, the PIDBA database contains information pertaining to locational data (n=29,393), attribute data (n=15,254), and image data on Paleoindian projectile points and other tools in North America and also includes bibliographic references, radiocarbon dates, and maps created making use of database and GIS data. The PIDBA site provides a database that is useful in studying stylistic and morphological variability, lithic raw material usage and procurement strategies, geographic distributions of technology, and land use strategies during the Paleoindian period, which took place prior to ca. 11,450 cal year BP. The PIDBA database also serves a function as an intermediary between academic and advocational archaeologists in the collection and integration of primary projectile point data. Overall, the PIDBA project aims to compile data from multiple sources into a comprehensive database, while simultaneously seeking out and including new data. The PIDBA website contains a large amount of primary data collected and donated by researchers and advocational archaeologists from all over the Americas ranging from metric measurements to the type of chert any particular piece is made from. It is the voluntary contributions of primary data from these researchers that makes PIDBA possible. While it is understandable that researchers would like to fully examine and publish on their data, the site's philosophy is that it is important to disseminate information freely, so that other researchers can work with it. This allows researchers to make new discoveries that they perhaps would not be possible otherwise.

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The Beaverdam Creek Archaeological Site,, is an archaeological site located on a floodplain of Beaverdam Creek in Elbert County, Georgia approximately 0.8 km from the creek's confluence with the Savannah River, and is currently inundated by the Richard B. Russell Lake. The site consisted of a platform mound and an associated village site.

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References

  1. ↑ Anderson 2003, Archaeology and Anthropology in the 21st Century Strategies for Working Together. 2003. In Archaeology is Anthropology, edited by Susan D. Gillespie and Deborah L. Nichols, pp. 111-127. Anthropological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 13. Arlington, Virginia, p. 112
  2. 1 2 Anderson 2003, Archaeology and Anthropology in the 21st Century..., p. 113
  3. ↑ Anderson and Joseph 1988 Prehistory and History Along the Upper Savannah River: Technical Synthesis of Cultural Resource Investigations, Richard B. Russell Multiple Resource Area. 1988. National Park Service, Interagency Archeological Services–Atlanta, Russell Papers
  4. ↑ Anderson, Joseph, and Reed 1988, Fort Polk Historic Preservation Plan: Technical Synthesis of Cultural Resource Investigations, Fort Polk, Louisiana. National Park Service, Interagency Archeological Services, Atlanta.
  5. ↑ Anderson 1994, The Savannah River Chiefdoms: Political Change in the Late Prehistoric Southeast. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
  6. ↑ Anderson, D.G., S. T. Lee, and A. R. Parler 1979, Cal Smoak: Archaeological Investigations Along the Edisto River in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Occasional Papers No. 1, Archaeological Society of South Carolina.
  7. ↑ Anderson, Cantley, and Novik 1982, The Mattassee Lake Sites: Archaeological Investigations along the Lower Santee River in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. National Park Service, Interagency Archaeological Services–Atlanta, Special Publication 1.
  8. ↑ Anderson and Schuldenrein 1985, Prehistoric Human Ecology Along the Upper Savannah River: Excavations at the Rucker's Bottom, Abbeville and Bullard Site Groups. National Park Service, Interagency Archaeological Services–Atlanta, Russell Papers.
  9. ↑ Anderson and Joseph 1988 Prehistory and History Along the Upper Savannah River...
  10. ↑ Anderson, D. G., P. A. Delcourt, H. R. Delcourt, J. E. Foss, and P. A. Morse 1989 Cultural Resource Investigations in the L'Anguille River Basin, Lee, St. Francis, Cross, and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas. Garrow & Associates, Inc. Final Contract DACW66–87–C–0046 Report, Memphis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
  11. ↑ Anderson, Joseph, and Reed 1988, Fort Polk Historic Preservation Plan...
  12. ↑ Anderson and Smith 2003, Archaeology, History, and Predictive Modeling: Research on Fort Polk 1972-2002. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
  13. ↑ Anderson, Knight, and Yates 2003, The Archaeology and History of Water Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. Southeast Archeological Center, National Park Service, Tallahassee, Florida. 310 pp + CD
  14. ↑ Anderson and Logan 1981, Francis Marion National Forest; Cultural Resources Overview. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
  15. ↑ Anderson, D.G., and G. T. Hanson, 1988, Early Archaic Occupations in the Southeastern United States: A Case Study from the Savannah River Basin. American Antiquity 53:262–286.
  16. ↑ Anderson, D.G. 1990, The Paleoindian Colonization of Eastern North America: A View from the Southeastern United States. In Early Paleoindian Economies of Eastern North America, edited by K. Tankersley and B. Isaac, pp. 163–216. Research in Economic Anthropology Supplement 5.
  17. ↑ Anderson, D.G. and J C. Gillam, 2000, Paleoindian Colonization of the Americas: Implications from an Examination of Physiography, Demography, and Artifact Distributions. American Antiquity 65:43-66..
  18. ↑ Anderson, D. G. 1994. The Savannah River Chiefdoms...
  19. ↑ Sahlins, Marshall 1963, Poor Man, Rich Man, Big Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia. Comparative Studies in Society and History 5:283-305.
  20. ↑ Anderson, D. G. Climate and Culture Change in Prehistoric and Early Historic Eastern North America. Archaeology of Eastern North America 29:143-186
  21. ↑ Anderson, D.G., K. A. Maasch, and D. H. Sandweiss, editors, 2007 Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics: A Global Perspective on Mid-Holocene Transitions. Academic Press, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
  22. ↑ Anderson, D. G., and K. E. Sassaman, editors, 1996 The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast. University of Alabama Press
  23. ↑ Sassaman, K. E., and D. G. Anderson, editors, 1996 The Archaeology of the Mid–Holocene Southeast. University Presses of Florida.
  24. ↑ Anderson, D. G., and R. J. Mainfort, Jr., editors, The Woodland Southeast. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa
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