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Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible. For its theory and methods,the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history,historical criticism,philology,theology,textual criticism,literary criticism,historical backgrounds,mythology,and comparative religion.
Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible. During the eighteenth century,when it began as historical-biblical criticism, it was based on two distinguishing characteristics:(1) the scientific concern to avoid dogma and bias by applying a neutral,non-sectarian,reason-based judgment to the study of the Bible,and (2) the belief that the reconstruction of the historical events behind the texts,as well as the history of how the texts themselves developed,would lead to a correct understanding of the Bible. This sets it apart from earlier,pre-critical methods;from the anti-critical methods of those who oppose criticism-based study;from the post-critical orientation of later scholarship;and from the multiple distinct schools of criticism into which it evolved in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Ken Stone is an author,Professor of Bible,Culture and Hermeneutics at Chicago Theological Seminary and a member of the United Church of Christ. He chairs the Reading,Theory and the Bible Section of the Society of Biblical Literature. The winner of a Lambda Literary Award,Stone focuses much of his research and writing on the relationship between biblical hermeneutics and matters of gender and sexuality. His other research and teaching interests include the relationship between critical theory and biblical interpretation and matters of gender,sexuality,animals,and ecology.
James L. Crenshaw is the Robert L. Flowers Professor of the Old Testament at Duke University Divinity School. He is one of the world’s leading scholars in Old Testament Wisdom literature. He proposes that much of Proverbs was brought together at a time well after Solomon. He has been described as "a highly respected scholar" and an "excellent teacher".
David McLain Carr is Professor of Old Testament at the Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He is a leading scholar of the textual formation of the Hebrew Bible.
Jo Cheryl Exum is a feminist biblical scholar. She is currently Emeritus Professor at the University of Sheffield.
David John Alfred Clines was a biblical scholar. He served as professor at the University of Sheffield.
Phyllis Trible is a feminist biblical scholar from Richmond,Virginia,United States. Trible's scholarship focuses on the Hebrew Bible and she is noted for her prominent influence on feminist biblical interpretation. Trible has written a multitude of books on interpretation of the Hebrew Bible,and has lectured around the world,including the United States,New Zealand,Australia,Japan,Canada,and a number of countries in Europe.
Sheffield Phoenix Press Ltd. (SPP) is an independent academic publisher specializing in biblical studies. It was launched in January 2004,continuing the traditions of the former Sheffield Academic Press.
The Sheffield school is an approach in biblical studies that engages in literary readings of the final form of the biblical text.
Danna Nolan Fewell is an Old Testament scholar. She is John Fletcher Hurst Professor of Hebrew Bible at Drew University Theological School.
Marvin Alan Sweeney is Professor of Hebrew Bible at Claremont School of Theology (1994–present). Dr. Sweeney was trained under the tutelage of Rolf P. Knierim at Claremont Graduate University. He was a Yad ha-Nadiv/Barecha Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow in Jewish Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,where he worked with Moshe Greenberg (1989-1990);a Lilly Theological Research Grant Recipient (1997-1998);and a Fellow of the Summer Institute for Modern Israel Studies,sponsored by the American Jewish Committee and Brandeis University (2004). Sweeney previously taught in the Religious Studies Department and Judaic Studies Program at the University of Miami in Coral Gables,FL (1983-1994),and he has served as Dorot Research Professor at the W. F. Albright Institute in Jerusalem,Israel (1993-1994);Visiting Professor of Bible at the Hebrew Union College—Jewish Institute of Religion,Los Angeles,CA;Underwood Professor of Divinity at Yonsei University in Seoul,Korea (2011);visiting scholar at Chang Jung Christian University in Tainan,Taiwan (2015);and Professor of Tanak at the Academy for Jewish Religion California,Los Angeles,CA (2000-2019). He also serves on the faculty of Religion at Claremont Graduate University (1994–present). In 2019,Sweeney relocated to Salem,Oregon,due to the attempted transfer of Claremont School of Theology to Willamette University.
Jacob L. Wright is a biblical scholar currently serving as associate professor of Hebrew Bible at Emory University,and sits as chair of Hebrew Bible in the Graduate Division of Religion. Prior to his Emory appointment,Wright taught at the University of Heidelberg (Germany),one of the foremost research-oriented public universities in Europe,for several years. His areas of expertise include Biblical Archaeology,warfare in the Ancient Near East,and the literary and redaction history of the Hebrew Bible canon. He has published extensively throughout his career,authoring several books and dozens of articles which span topics such as Ezra-Nehemiah,the Persian period,warfare in the Ancient Near East;as well as the material culture of the ancient Levant,the unique role of women in the Hebrew Bible,and larger themes such as defeat,peoplehood,and national identity in the Hebrew Bible. Areas of concentration in war studies include war commemoration,urbicide and ritual violence,and feasting and gift-giving.
Carol Ann Newsom is an American biblical scholar,historian of ancient Judaism,and literary critic. She is the Charles Howard Candler Professor Emerita of Old Testament at the Candler School of Theology and a former senior fellow at the Center for the Study of Law and Religion at Emory University. She is a leading expert on the Dead Sea Scrolls,Wisdom literature,and the Book of Daniel.
Andrew T. Lincoln is a British New Testament scholar who serves as Emeritus Professor of New Testament at the University of Gloucestershire.
Richard Samuel Hess is an American Old Testament scholar. He is Earl S. Kalland Professor of Old Testament and Semitic Languages at Denver Seminary.
David Penchansky is a professor in the field of Hebrew Bible. In his writing,he applies the methodology of literary criticism to the Old Testament,particularly its Wisdom Literature. Both Marxism and Deconstruction have influenced his approach.
John William Rogerson (1935–2018) was an English theologian,biblical scholar,and priest of the Church of England. He was professor of biblical studies at University of Sheffield.
Benjamin D. Sommer is an American biblical scholar and Jewish theologian. He is a Professor of Bible at The Jewish Theological Seminary of America and a Senior Fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute. He is a former director of the Crown Family Center for Jewish Studies at Northwestern University.
Wilda C. Gafney,also known as Wil Gafney,is an American biblical scholar and Episcopal priest who is the Right Rev. Sam B. Hulsey Professor of Hebrew Bible at Brite Divinity School of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth,Texas. She is specialist in womanist biblical interpretation,and topics including gender and race.
References
- ↑ "David M. Gunn". Texas Christian University . Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ↑ David J. A. Clines, Stephen E. Fowl, and Stanley E. Porter, "Preface," in The Bible in Three Dimensions: Essays in Celebration of Forty Years of Biblical Studies in the University of Sheffield, p. 14.
- ↑ Ken Stone, Sex, Honor, and Power in the Deuteronomistic History , p. 16.
- ↑ Adele Berlin, "Literary Approaches to Biblical Literature: General Observations and a Case Study of Genesis 34," in The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship, p. 57.
- ↑ David Penchansky, The Politics of Biblical Theology: A Postmodern Reading, p. 86.