David Isaac Spivak | |
---|---|
Born | |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | |
Known for | Ologs |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Mathematics Category theory Applied category theory |
Institutions | Topos Institute |
David Isaac Spivak is an American mathematician and senior scientist at the Topos Institute. [1] He has worked on applications of category theory, in particular ologs and operadic compositionality of dynamical systems. He authored and coauthored the introductory texts on category theory and its applications, Category Theory for the Sciences and An Invitation to Applied Category Theory.
Spivak received his PhD in mathematics from UC Berkeley in 2007 under the supervision of Peter Teichner and Jacob Lurie. [2] His thesis was on derived manifolds, [3] Spivak worked as a postdoc at the University of Oregon and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [4]
Spivak and Robert Kent developed a human-readable categorical system of knowledge representation called ologs. [5] These were applied, in a series of collaborations with the materials scientist Markus Buehler, to different problems in that materials science. [6] [7] [8] Ologs have been also used by researchers at NIST. [9] The goal of ologs, and of Spivak's book, was to show that category theory can be made relatively easy and thus be understood by a wider audience. Piet Hut endorsed the book saying, "This is the first, and so far the only, book to make category theory accessible to non-mathematicians." [10]
Spivak has also studied dynamical systems and operads, originating the operadic approach to wiring diagram syntax. [11] [12] [13] His unpublished work "Metric realization of fuzzy simplicial sets" was cited by the authors of UMAP as inspirational for that work.
Spivak and Brendan Fong wrote a book that summarizes the developments in applied category theory for a wide audience, and started a nonprofit applied category theory research institute called Topos Institute, located in Berkeley, California. [14] The two, together with Rémy Tuyeras, wrote the first article using category theory to understand the structure of deep learning, called "Backprop as functor". [15]
Spivak is an editor of a diamond open access journal, Compositionality. [16]
Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations. It was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the middle of the 20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology. Category theory is used in almost all areas of mathematics. In particular, many constructions of new mathematical objects from previous ones that appear similarly in several contexts are conveniently expressed and unified in terms of categories. Examples include quotient spaces, direct products, completion, and duality.
In category theory, a category is Cartesian closed if, roughly speaking, any morphism defined on a product of two objects can be naturally identified with a morphism defined on one of the factors. These categories are particularly important in mathematical logic and the theory of programming, in that their internal language is the simply typed lambda calculus. They are generalized by closed monoidal categories, whose internal language, linear type systems, are suitable for both quantum and classical computation.
In mathematics, a monoidal category is a category equipped with a bifunctor
In mathematics, a bicategory is a concept in category theory used to extend the notion of category to handle the cases where the composition of morphisms is not (strictly) associative, but only associative up to an isomorphism. The notion was introduced in 1967 by Jean Bénabou.
Fibred categories are abstract entities in mathematics used to provide a general framework for descent theory. They formalise the various situations in geometry and algebra in which inverse images of objects such as vector bundles can be defined. As an example, for each topological space there is the category of vector bundles on the space, and for every continuous map from a topological space X to another topological space Y is associated the pullback functor taking bundles on Y to bundles on X. Fibred categories formalise the system consisting of these categories and inverse image functors. Similar setups appear in various guises in mathematics, in particular in algebraic geometry, which is the context in which fibred categories originally appeared. Fibered categories are used to define stacks, which are fibered categories with "descent". Fibrations also play an important role in categorical semantics of type theory, and in particular that of dependent type theories.
Markus J. Buehler is an American materials scientist and engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he holds the endowed McAfee Professorship of Engineering chair. He is a member of the faculty at MIT's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, where he directs the Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), and also a member of MIT's Center for Computational Science and Engineering (CCSE) in the Schwarzman College of Computing. His scholarship spans science to art, and he is also a composer of experimental, classical and electronic music, with an interest in sonification. He has given several TED talks about his work.
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a symmetric monoidal category is a monoidal category such that the tensor product is symmetric. One of the prototypical examples of a symmetric monoidal category is the category of vector spaces over some fixed field k, using the ordinary tensor product of vector spaces.
String diagrams are a formal graphical language for representing morphisms in monoidal categories, or more generally 2-cells in 2-categories. They are a prominent tool in applied category theory. When interpreted in the monoidal category of vector spaces and linear maps with the tensor product, string diagrams are called tensor networks or Penrose graphical notation. This has led to the development of categorical quantum mechanics where the axioms of quantum theory are expressed in the language of monoidal categories.
In mathematics, higher category theory is the part of category theory at a higher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicit arrows in order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology, where one studies algebraic invariants of spaces, such as the fundamental weak ∞-groupoid.
In mathematics, the category Rel has the class of sets as objects and binary relations as morphisms.
Isbell conjugacy is a fundamental construction of enriched category theory formally introduced by William Lawvere in 1986. That is a duality between covariant and contravariant representable presheaves associated with an objects of categories under the Yoneda embedding. In addition, Lawvere is states as follows; "Then the conjugacies are the first step toward expressing the duality between space and quantity fundamental to mathematics".
Dimitri Panteli Bertsekas is an applied mathematician, electrical engineer, and computer scientist, a McAfee Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in School of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, and also a Fulton Professor of Computational Decision Making at Arizona State University, Tempe.
Categorical quantum mechanics is the study of quantum foundations and quantum information using paradigms from mathematics and computer science, notably monoidal category theory. The primitive objects of study are physical processes, and the different ways that these can be composed. It was pioneered in 2004 by Samson Abramsky and Bob Coecke. Categorical quantum mechanics is entry 18M40 in MSC2020.
In mathematics, more specifically category theory, a quasi-category is a generalization of the notion of a category. The study of such generalizations is known as higher category theory.
The theory of ologs is an attempt to provide a rigorous mathematical framework for knowledge representation, construction of scientific models and data storage using category theory, linguistic and graphical tools. Ologs were introduced in 2012 by David Spivak and Robert Kent.
In category theory, an abstract branch of mathematics, a dominant functor is a functor F : C → D in which every object of D is a retract of an object of the form F(x) for some object X of C.
In mathematics, compact objects, also referred to as finitely presented objects, or objects of finite presentation, are objects in a category satisfying a certain finiteness condition.
Applied category theory is an academic discipline in which methods from category theory are used to study other fields including but not limited to computer science, physics, natural language processing, control theory, probability theory and causality. The application of category theory in these domains can take different forms. In some cases the formalization of the domain into the language of category theory is the goal, the idea here being that this would elucidate the important structure and properties of the domain. In other cases the formalization is used to leverage the power of abstraction in order to prove new results about the field.
Charles Waldo Rezk is an American mathematician, specializing in algebraic topology and category theory.
In mathematics, the category of measurable spaces, often denoted Meas, is the category whose objects are measurable spaces and whose morphisms are measurable maps. This is a category because the composition of two measurable maps is again measurable, and the identity function is measurable.